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Questions and Answers
Heart disease, cancer, and stroke have been leading causes of death in the United States for the past 50 years.
Heart disease, cancer, and stroke have been leading causes of death in the United States for the past 50 years.
True
Water is commonly recognized as a macronutrient that provides energy and builds tissue.
Water is commonly recognized as a macronutrient that provides energy and builds tissue.
False
The term metabolism refers to the total of chemical processes in the body that utilize nutrients.
The term metabolism refers to the total of chemical processes in the body that utilize nutrients.
True
Glycogen is a type of protein that serves as the body's primary source of fuel for heat and energy.
Glycogen is a type of protein that serves as the body's primary source of fuel for heat and energy.
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Micronutrients include substances like carbohydrates and proteins that the body uses in larger amounts.
Micronutrients include substances like carbohydrates and proteins that the body uses in larger amounts.
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Approximately 50 nutrients have been identified as essential to human life and health.
Approximately 50 nutrients have been identified as essential to human life and health.
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No nutrient ever works alone; each has specific metabolic functions contributing uniquely to health.
No nutrient ever works alone; each has specific metabolic functions contributing uniquely to health.
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Nutrient interrelationships suggest that a single nutrient can fulfill all metabolic functions without any interaction.
Nutrient interrelationships suggest that a single nutrient can fulfill all metabolic functions without any interaction.
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An appropriate diet impacts physical health only during adolescence.
An appropriate diet impacts physical health only during adolescence.
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Chronic diseases have seen a similar decline in mortality rates as infectious diseases in the last century.
Chronic diseases have seen a similar decline in mortality rates as infectious diseases in the last century.
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Nutritive refers to any food that people consume without regard to its effects on health.
Nutritive refers to any food that people consume without regard to its effects on health.
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Phytoestrogens are believed to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Phytoestrogens are believed to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Food labels are designed solely for regulatory purposes with no impact on consumer behavior.
Food labels are designed solely for regulatory purposes with no impact on consumer behavior.
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The science and art of human nutrition exclusively focuses on physical nourishment.
The science and art of human nutrition exclusively focuses on physical nourishment.
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Soul food refers to any food that does not provide psychological or spiritual well-being.
Soul food refers to any food that does not provide psychological or spiritual well-being.
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A major goal for health professionals is to eliminate chronic diseases completely.
A major goal for health professionals is to eliminate chronic diseases completely.
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The caloric yield from fats is higher than that from carbohydrates and proteins.
The caloric yield from fats is higher than that from carbohydrates and proteins.
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The majority of kcalories in a well-balanced diet should come primarily from simple carbohydrates.
The majority of kcalories in a well-balanced diet should come primarily from simple carbohydrates.
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The primary function of proteins is to provide energy for the body.
The primary function of proteins is to provide energy for the body.
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Vitamins are needed in large amounts for bodily functions.
Vitamins are needed in large amounts for bodily functions.
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Calcium and phosphorus are trace minerals that play a significant role in building bone strength.
Calcium and phosphorus are trace minerals that play a significant role in building bone strength.
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Glycogen is often referred to as plant starch due to its structural similarity to starch found in plants.
Glycogen is often referred to as plant starch due to its structural similarity to starch found in plants.
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Unsaturated fats should comprise no more than one third of a well-balanced diet's fat intake.
Unsaturated fats should comprise no more than one third of a well-balanced diet's fat intake.
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Cobalt is a major mineral that is vital for the formation of red blood cells.
Cobalt is a major mineral that is vital for the formation of red blood cells.
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Study Notes
Summary of Diet Information
- Vegetarianism is a dietary practice focused on consuming plant-based foods, sometimes including eggs, dairy, and/or honey. Some vegetarians exclude all animal products, known as vegans.
- Historically, plant-based diets were common among indigenous peoples in the Americas.
- Ethiopians have traditions of semi-veganism, influenced by religious practices.
- Rastafarianism, a movement that emerged in the 1930s, promoted vegetarianism as a form of social and spiritual resistance.
- Health, compassion for animals, and environmental concerns are motivations for adopting vegetarianism or veganism.
- The practice of intermittent fasting (IF) involves cycles of eating and not eating. It can involve daily or weekly cycles.
- Some research indicates that IF may improve metabolic function, potentially benefitting those at risk for diabetes and other health conditions.
- The 5:2 diet is a common example of intermittent fasting.
- It involves regularly eating regularly for five days, then limiting intake to 500-600 calories for women and 600-800 for men on two non-consecutive fasting days.
- Some diets to manage diabetes include low-carb, ketogenic, and high-fiber diets.
- Low carb diets emphasize limiting carbohydrates from 50–150 grams daily.
- Ketogenic diets involve restricting carbohydrates to 20–50 grams daily to encourage the body to use fats.
- High-fiber diets include foods rich in soluble and insoluble fiber. These slow down glucose absorption for better blood sugar control, contribute to weight loss and promote overall gut health.
Types of Vegetarians
- Ovo-lacto vegetarians: consume eggs and dairy products, but no meat.
- Vegans: exclude all animal products from their diet and lifestyle.
Eating Disorders
- Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, are characterized by severe disturbances in eating habits. These disorders are severe medical conditions.
- Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme thinness, intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image.
- People with anorexia nervosa typically weigh themselves repeatedly, and may engage in behaviors like excessive exercise and self-induced vomiting.
- Appropriate treatment for eating disorders often require help from medical professionals and involve nutritional counseling, psychotherapy, and other therapies.
Heart Disease
- Coronary heart disease occurs when the heart's blood vessels are narrowed or blocked, impairing blood flow to the heart.
- Angina is chest pain caused by limited blood flow to the heart, often due to exertion or stress.
- Unstable angina involves a worsening of existing angina, or a new onset of chest pain, which can be present at rest or occur with less activity, and should be treatedurgently by a doctor.
- A heart attack (myocardial infarction) occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is completely blocked.
- Congenital heart conditions are abnormalities present from birth that affect the structure and function of the heart.
- High blood pressure (hypertension) increases the risk of developing severe heart-related conditions.
Nutrition and Food Choices
- Palatability of food—or how pleasant the food tastes—plays a role in food choices, including sensory aspects like smell, taste, and texture.
- Cost and accessibility of food also impact dietary choices.
- Understanding the effects of social class, culture, and mood on food choices can help in preventing certain health risks.
- Education and knowledge about healthy eating can affect dietary behaviors.
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Description
Explore the essential nutrients and their roles in maintaining health and preventing chronic diseases. This quiz covers the relevance of macronutrients, micronutrients, and metabolism in human health. Test your knowledge about the interrelationships of nutrients and their impact on physical well-being.
