Chapter 5 Week 1
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Questions and Answers

What are the essential nutrients that a lactating mother should focus on?

  • Vitamins, Minerals, and Herbal teas
  • Protein, Fats, and Dairy products
  • Fluid, Caffeine, and Alcohol
  • Protein, Fats, and Vitamins (correct)

    • Which of the following is a nutrient deficiency that can occur during pregnancy?

  • Iron deficiency
  • Mercury toxicity
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the estimated energy requirement for a lactating mother in the first 6 months of lactation?

  • 330 additional calories (correct)
  • 400 additional calories
  • 300 additional calories
  • 350 additional calories

    • A pregnant woman who follows a vegan diet should take supplements of?

    <p>Vitamin B12 and Omega-3 fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nutrient that a pregnant vegetarian may need to pay special attention to?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nutritional assessment during pregnancy?

    <p>To identify nutrient deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential nutritional risk factor for pregnant women?

    <p>Vegetarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a healthy eating habit during pregnancy?

    <p>Avoiding fish with high mercury levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the program that provides food supplements to pregnant women?

    <p>WIC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of food frequency questionnaires in nutritional assessment?

    <p>To evaluate the mother's diet history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to USDA MyPlate, which of the following food groups should make up the largest portion of a person's diet?

    <p>Vegetables and fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to monitor weight gain during pregnancy?

    <p>To identify potential complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nurse in nutritional planning during pregnancy?

    <p>To identify potential problems and explain nutrient needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of inadequate nutrition during pregnancy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cultural practices may influence a person's diet during pregnancy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nutritional risk factor that may be exacerbated by poverty?

    <p>Inadequate access to nutrient-dense foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increased recommended dietary intake of protein during pregnancy?

    <p>To expand maternal blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is prone to toxicity with excessive intake?

    <p>Fat-soluble vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of iron in the body during pregnancy?

    <p>To form hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is essential for preventing neural tube defects?

    <p>Folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the quantity and quality of various nutrients in each 100 calories of food?

    <p>Nutrient density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for pregnant women to consume a diet rich in calcium?

    <p>To mineralize fetal bones and teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily caloric intake for most pregnant women?

    <p>2200-2900 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following categories of dietary reference intake (DRI) estimates the average nutrient need for a healthy population?

    <p>Estimated average requirements (EAR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for increased sodium needs during pregnancy?

    <p>To maintain maternal blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements?

    <p>They may contain excessive amounts of some vitamins and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of fluids for pregnant women?

    <p>8-10 cups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is food considered the best source of nutrients during pregnancy?

    <p>It contains a wider range of essential nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of individualized nutritional assessments during pregnancy?

    <p>To determine the need for prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are iron and folic acid supplements usually recommended for pregnant women?

    <p>They are difficult to obtain through diet alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of taking prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements?

    <p>They may contain excessive amounts of some vitamins and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water important during pregnancy?

    <p>It supports the increased maternal and fetal tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weight gain for women who begin pregnancy at normal BMI?

    <p>11.5 to 16 kg (25 to 35 lb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general recommendation for weight gain during the first trimester?

    <p>0.5 to 2 kg (1.1 to 4.4 lb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weight gain for women who begin pregnancy overweight?

    <p>6.8 to 11.3 kg (15 to 25 lb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for Ms. Brooks, who has a prepregnancy BMI of 32 and has gained 12 lb during pregnancy?

    <p>Her blood pressure is elevated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse's primary response be to Ms. Brooks' concerns about her weight gain?

    <p>Provide her with information on healthy eating habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that influences weight gain during pregnancy?

    <p>Prepregnancy BMI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weight gain for women who begin pregnancy obese?

    <p>5 to 9.1 kg (11 to 20 lb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general goal of weight gain recommendations during pregnancy?

    <p>To optimize fetal growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of iron in the body during pregnancy?

    <p>Formation of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated daily protein intake recommended for pregnant women?

    <p>71 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the quantity and quality of various nutrients in each 100 calories of food?

    <p>Nutrient density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the category of dietary reference intake (DRI) that estimates the average nutrient need for a healthy population?

    <p>Estimated average requirements (EAR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the increased recommended dietary intake of protein during pregnancy?

    <p>Growth of maternal and fetal tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vitamin that can decrease the occurrence of neural tube defects?

    <p>Folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increased recommended dietary intake of calcium during pregnancy?

    <p>Mineralization of fetal bones and teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the category of dietary reference intake (DRI) that provides a safe upper limit for nutrient intake?

    <p>Tolerable upper intake level (UL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the recommended weight gain pattern during pregnancy?

    <p>To ensure adequate fetal growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weight gain for women who begin pregnancy with a BMI of 28?

    <p>6.8 to 11.3 kg (15 to 25 lb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for Ms. Brooks, who has a prepregnancy BMI of 32 and has gained 12 lb during pregnancy?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weight gain for women who begin pregnancy at normal BMI, according to the Institute of Medicine?

    <p>11.5 to 16 kg (25 to 35 lb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general pattern of weight gain during pregnancy?

    <p>Gradual weight gain throughout the pregnancy, with an increment of about 0.5 to 2 kg (1.1 to 4.4 lb) in the first trimester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences weight gain during pregnancy?

    <p>Prepregnancy BMI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weight gain for women who begin pregnancy obese?

    <p>5 to 9.1 kg (11 to 20 lb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of weight gain recommendations during pregnancy?

    <p>To ensure adequate fetal growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for increased sodium needs during pregnancy?

    <p>To provide for an expanded blood volume and the needs of the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do healthcare providers usually prescribe prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements?

    <p>Because they help to fill any nutritional gaps in a woman's diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of taking prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements?

    <p>Excessive amounts of some vitamins and minerals may be toxic to the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of nutritional knowledge in influencing nutrition during pregnancy?

    <p>It enables pregnant women to make informed food choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water important during pregnancy?

    <p>Because it is a component of the expanded blood volume and maternal and fetal tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of fluids for pregnant women?

    <p>8 to 10 cups of fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cultural practices may lead to an increased intake of nutrients during pregnancy?

    <p>Southeast Asian dietary practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is food considered the best source of nutrients during pregnancy?

    <p>Because it is a natural source of nutrients that is easier to absorb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nutritional risk factor associated with adolescents?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of individualized nutritional assessments during pregnancy?

    <p>To assess each woman's individualized needs and determine whether supplementation is appropriate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following food groups is not included in the USDA MyPlate guide?

    <p>Grains and legumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nutritional consideration for pregnant women who have undergone bariatric surgery?

    <p>Preventing nutrient deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are iron and folic acid supplements usually recommended for pregnant women?

    <p>Because they are difficult to obtain through a healthy diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutritional risk factors is exacerbated by poverty?

    <p>Socioeconomic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nutrition education during pregnancy?

    <p>To support the health of the mother and the unborn baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nutritional consideration for lactating mothers?

    <p>Ensuring adequate energy intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the nurse in assessing the nutritional status of a pregnant woman?

    <p>To identify potential nutritional problems and develop a plan to address them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pregnant woman who is a vegan may need to pay special attention to which nutrient?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a 24-hour diet history in nutritional assessment?

    <p>To identify patterns of eating behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential problem that may be identified during a physical assessment of a pregnant woman's nutritional status?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nurse in nutritional planning during pregnancy?

    <p>To identify potential nutritional problems and develop a plan to address them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that influences weight gain during pregnancy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weight gain for women who begin pregnancy at normal BMI?

    <p>25-35 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nutrient that may be lacking in a pregnant woman's diet?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutritional Requirements: Food Plan

    • USDA MyPlate provides a guide for healthy eating, emphasizing:
      • Whole grains
      • Vegetables and fruits
      • Dairy group
      • Protein group
      • Other essential elements

    Factors Influencing Nutrition

    • Age
    • Nutritional knowledge
    • Exercise
    • Culture, including:
      • Southeast Asian dietary practices and their impact on diet during childbearing
      • Increasing nutrients with traditional foods
      • Hispanic dietary practices

    Nutritional Risk Factors

    • Socioeconomic status, including:
    • Vegetarianism, considering:
      • Meeting nutritional requirements for pregnant vegetarians
      • Energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and vitamin A needs
    • Bariatric surgery considerations
    • Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy
    • Anemia
    • Abnormal prepregnancy weight
    • Eating disorders, including:
      • Anorexia
      • Bulimia
    • Food cravings and aversions
    • PICA
    • Multiparity and multifetal pregnancy
    • Substance abuse, including:
      • Smoking
      • Caffeine
      • Alcohol
      • Drugs
    • Adolescence, considering:
      • Nutrient needs
      • Common problems
      • Teaching the adolescent

    Nutrition After Birth

    • Nutrition for the lactating mother, including:
      • Energy needs (330 additional calories in the first 6 months, 400 in the second 6 months)
      • Protein needs
      • Fats needs
      • Vitamins and minerals needs
    • Fluid intake, considering:
      • Avoiding fish with high mercury levels
      • Avoiding herbal teas and remedies
      • Avoiding illicit drugs and tobacco
    • Specific nutritional concerns, including:
      • Dieting
      • Adolescence
      • Vegan diet
      • Avoidance of dairy products
      • Bariatric surgery
      • Inadequate diet
    • Nutrition for the nonlactating mother, considering:
      • Returning to prepregnancy diet
      • Assessing understanding of food needs from each group
      • Weight loss

    Application of the Nursing Process: Nutrition for Childbearing

    • Assessment, including:
      • Interview
      • Appetite
      • Eating habits
      • Food preferences
      • Psychosocial influences
      • Diet history
      • Food intake records
      • Hour diet history
    • Identification of potential problems, including:
      • Food frequency questionnaires
      • Physical assessment
      • Weight and height at initial visit
      • Weight at subsequent visits
      • Signs of nutrient deficiency
      • Laboratory tests
      • Ongoing nutritional status
      • Identification of client problems
    • Planning: Expected outcomes
    • Interventions, including:
      • Identifying problems
      • Explaining nutrient needs
      • Providing reinforcement
      • Evaluating weight gain
      • Encouraging supplement intake
      • Making referrals
    • Evaluation

    Nutritional Requirements

    • Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) used to estimate nutrient needs, including:
      • Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
      • Adequate intake (AI)
      • Tolerable upper intake level (UL)
      • Estimated average requirements (EAR)
    • Energy needs, including:
      • Measured in kilocalories (calories)
      • Carbohydrates (simple or complex)
      • Fats (providing energy and fat-soluble vitamins)
      • Calories (2200-2900 daily for most pregnant women)
      • Nutrient density
    • Protein needs, including:
      • Necessary for metabolism, tissue synthesis, and tissue repair
      • Daily protein RDA (46 g for nonpregnant females, 71 g during pregnancy)
      • Expansion of blood volume and growth of maternal and fetal tissues
    • Vitamin needs, including:
      • Fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and water-soluble (B6, B12, and C, folic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin) vitamins
      • Folic acid (decreasing the occurrence of neural tube defects)
    • Mineral needs, including:
      • Iron (important for hemoglobin formation, 1000 mg above maternal iron stores needed during pregnancy)
      • Calcium (important for mineralization of fetal bones and teeth, calcium absorption and retention increase during pregnancy)
      • Sodium (needed for expanded blood volume and fetal needs)
    • Nutritional supplementation, including:
      • Purpose (food is the best source of nutrients, but supplements may be necessary)
      • Health care providers usually prescribe prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements
      • Assessment of individualized needs determines supplementation
      • Disadvantages and dangers (no standardization, excessive amounts may be toxic)
    • Water intake, including:
      • Importance during pregnancy
      • Need for expanded blood volume and maternal and fetal tissues
      • Recommendation of 8-10 cups of fluids (mostly water) daily

    Weight Gain During Pregnancy

    • Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on prepregnancy BMI (body mass index)
    • For women with normal BMI, recommended weight gain is 11.5 to 16 kg (25 to 35 lb)
    • For women who are overweight, recommended weight gain is 6.8 to 11.3 kg (15 to 25 lb)
    • For women who are obese, recommended weight gain is 5 to 9.1 kg (11 to 20 lb)
    • Pattern of weight gain: 0.5 to 2 kg (1.1 to 4.4 lb) during the first trimester
    • Maternal and fetal distribution of weight gain is important to consider

    Case Study

    • Ms. Brooks, a 29-year-old pregnant woman, has a prepregnancy BMI of 32 and a history of borderline chronic hypertension
    • She has been counseled to gain no more than 15 lb during pregnancy
    • Her total weight gain during pregnancy is 12 lb, and her blood pressure is 138/86

    Nutritional Requirements

    • Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) are used to estimate nutrient needs
    • Four categories of DRIs: Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), and Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)
    • Energy requirements: most pregnant women need 2200 to 2900 calories daily
    • Nutrient density: the quantity and quality of various nutrients in each 100 calories of food
    • Protein requirements: 46 g daily for nonpregnant women, 71 g daily during pregnancy
    • Vitamins: fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and water-soluble (B6, B12, and C, folic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin)
    • Minerals: iron, calcium, and sodium

    Nutritional Supplementation

    • Purpose: to supplement the diet, not replace it
    • Health care providers usually prescribe prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements
    • Women with adequate diets may not need supplements except for iron and folic acid
    • Disadvantages and dangers: no standardization or regulation of ingredients, excessive amounts of some vitamins and minerals can be toxic to the fetus

    Nutrition After Birth

    • Nutrition for the lactating mother: energy, protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals
    • Fluid intake: avoid fish with high mercury levels, herbal teas, and illicit drugs
    • Nutrition for the nonlactating mother: can return to prepregnancy diet, weight loss

    Application of the Nursing Process

    • Assessment: interview, appetite, eating habits, food preferences, diet history, and physical assessment
    • Identification of potential problems: psychosocial influences, food intake records, laboratory tests, and ongoing nutritional status
    • Planning: expected outcomes, interventions, and evaluation

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of nutrition, including healthy eating guidelines, factors that influence nutrition, and risk factors. Topics include the USDA's MyPlate, nutritional requirements, and cultural dietary practices.

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