Nutrition and Food Groups Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the primary macronutrients found in grains?

Fat and fiber

Carbohydrate (starch) and protein (correct)

Protein and fiber

Carbohydrate and fat

What is the recommended choice for grains according to dietary guides?

Ultra-processed grains

Refined grains

Whole grains (correct)

Minimally processed grains

What is the serving size of a grain food according to the USDA?

1 cup of cooked pasta

½ cup of cooked rice

2 slices of bread

1 slice of bread (correct)

Why are cornmeal and popcorn grouped with grain products?

Because they are made from corn, a type of grain Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dietary guides?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why do nutrition experts develop dietary guides?

Because the DRIs are not practical for planning menus Signup and view all the answers

What are the major food groups typically classified into?

Grains, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and protein-rich foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the main ingredient of pasta, noodles, and flour tortillas?

Wheat flour Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of whole grains according to the FDA?

Intact, ground, cracked, or flaked seeds of cereal grains Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of enrichment in grain processing?

To replace some of the nutrients lost during processing Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between fat-free milk and whole milk?

Fat-free milk has 1% fat by weight, while whole milk has 3.25% fat by weight Signup and view all the answers

What is a good source of calcium, protein, phosphorus, and riboflavin?

Dairy products, especially yogurt and hard cheeses Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fortification in food processing?

To add any nutrient to food to boost its nutrient content Signup and view all the answers

What is a protein-rich food that can substitute for meat?

Beans, eggs, nuts, and seeds Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between low-fat milk and fat-free milk?

Low-fat milk has 1% fat by weight, while fat-free milk has no fat Signup and view all the answers

What group of foods includes fresh, dried, frozen, sauced, and canned fruit?

Fruits Signup and view all the answers

What is a serving size of food from the protein group?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why are dairy products recommended to have most of the fat removed?

Because they are high in fat Signup and view all the answers

What is one serving of food from the fruit group equal to?

1 cup of fruit or fruit juice, or ½ cup of dried fruit Signup and view all the answers

Why are whole or cut-up fruits healthier options than juices?

They contain more dietary fiber Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the nutritional content of foods within each group?

It varies widely for all foods Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the oils group?

Canola, corn, and olive oils, as well as other fats that are liquid at room temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is true about sugary foods and beverages?

They supply energy but few or no micronutrients Signup and view all the answers

What happens to raw carrots when they are refrigerated?

They keep their desirable taste and texture for a few weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is true about solid fats?

They are fairly hard at room temperature and are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

Why are canned carrots considered minimally processed foods?

They contain few refined ingredients Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a food that is classified as an 'other' vegetable?

Salad greens Signup and view all the answers

Why are peanuts and peanut butter classified as oils?

Because they are high in fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of additives in ultra-processed foods?

To make food preparation easier Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern of nutrition experts regarding ultra-processed foods?

They are associated with weight gain and obesity Signup and view all the answers

How can consumers determine if a food is minimally processed or ultra-processed?

By reading the ingredients' list on the package label Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of an ultra-processed food?

It contains several additives not readily available at home Signup and view all the answers

Why are dry beans often classified with meat?

Because they are high in protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a minimally processed food and an ultra-processed food?

The number of additives used Signup and view all the answers

What is the first ingredient in the commercially made carrot cake shown in Figure 3.5b?

Sugar Signup and view all the answers

As of July 2020, what was the status of the FDA's standard definitions for categorizing processed foods?

They were non-existent Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Major Food Groups

Major food groups are classified based on their natural origins and key nutrients, and include:
- Grains (e.g. wheat, rice, oats)
- Dairy products (e.g. milk, yogurt, cheese)
- Fruits (e.g. fresh, dried, frozen)
- Vegetables (e.g. fresh, cooked, canned)
- Protein-rich foods (e.g. beef, pork, lamb, fish, shellfish, poultry, beans, eggs, nuts, seeds)
Each food group has specific serving sizes and recommendations for daily intake.

Grains

Include products made from wheat, rice, and oats (e.g. pasta, noodles, flour tortillas)
A serving of grain food is equivalent to 1 slice of bread, 1 cup of ready-to-eat cereal, or ½ cup of cooked rice, pasta, or cereal
Whole grains are preferred over refined grains because they contain more fiber and nutrients
Refined grain products are commonly consumed in the US and can be good sources of vitamins and minerals when enriched or fortified.

Dairy Products

Include milk and products made from milk that retain their calcium content after processing (e.g. yogurt, hard cheeses)
Excellent sources of protein, phosphorus, and riboflavin
Fortified with vitamins A and D
Milk-based desserts (e.g. ice cream, pudding, frozen yogurt) are often grouped with dairy products but are high in added sugar and fat
Nonfat or low-fat milk is recommended over whole milk due to lower fat content.

Protein-Rich Foods

Include beef, pork, lamb, fish, shellfish, poultry, beans, eggs, nuts, and seeds
Serving sizes vary, but generally equal 1 ounce of meat, poultry, or fish, or ¼ cup cooked dry beans or dry peas
Excellent sources of micronutrients, especially iron, zinc, and B vitamins
Dry beans and peas, eggs, tofu, nuts, and seeds are protein-rich foods that can substitute for meat.

Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits include fresh, dried, frozen, sauced, and canned fruit, and 100% fruit juice
Vegetables include fresh, cooked, canned, frozen, and dried/dehydrated vegetables, and 100% vegetable juice
Serving sizes vary, but generally equal 1 cup of fruit or fruit juice, or ½ cup of dried fruit
Excellent sources of phytochemicals, fiber, and micronutrients

Other Foods

Oils include canola, corn, and olive oils, as well as other fats that are liquid at room temperature
Solid fats, such as beef fat, butter, and stick margarine, are high in saturated fats and associated with cardiovascular disease
Sugary foods ("sweets") include candy, regular soft drinks, jelly, and other foods high in added sugar
Alcohol-containing beverages are another source of empty calories.

Levels of Food Processing

Raw foods can undergo different levels of processing, including refinement, before they are eaten
Minimally processed foods, such as canned carrots, typically contain few refined ingredients
Ultra-processed foods, such as frozen carrot cake, contain numerous additives to extend shelf life, enhance flavor, texture, color, and convenience
Nutrition experts are concerned about the long-term negative health effects of eating diets high in ultra-processed foods.

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Description

Test your knowledge of major food groups, ultra-processed vs minimally processed foods, and healthy diet planning. Learn about DRIs and more!