Nutrition and Exchange Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the digestive system in multicellular organisms?

  • It removes waste directly through the skin.
  • It transfers nutrients from the blood to the cells.
  • It absorbs oxygen from the air.
  • It transforms food into simpler substances for absorption. (correct)

How do unicellular organisms perform the nutrition function?

  • By filtering waste through the skin.
  • By using specialized digestive organs.
  • By exchanging substances directly with their environment. (correct)
  • By circulating fluids within their body.

What role does the circulatory system play in substance exchange?

  • It uses blood to transport nutrients and oxygen to cells. (correct)
  • It carries blood directly to the skin for hydration.
  • It only transports oxygen but not nutrients.
  • It expels carbon dioxide from the lungs.

Which of the following systems is responsible for removing waste substances from the body?

<p>The excretory system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system in substance exchange?

<p>To take oxygen from the air and expel carbon dioxide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tongue in the digestive process?

<p>Carrying out mechanical and chemical digestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the epiglottis play in the digestive system?

<p>It prevents food from entering the respiratory tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chyme and when does it form in the digestive process?

<p>A bolus converted into a liquid form in the stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the duodenum during digestion?

<p>Chemical digestion of carbohydrates occurs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of peristaltic movements in the oesophagus?

<p>To transport food to the stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Substance Exchange

The process by which organisms take in nutrients and oxygen from their environment and release waste products.

Digestive System

A system of organs and tissues that work together to break down food into simpler substances that the body can absorb and use.

Digestion

The process by which the digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

Digestive Tract

The part of the digestive system that includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.

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Accessory Digestive Glands

Organs that assist the digestive tract in breaking down food, such as the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.

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What is the role of the mouth in digestion?

The mouth is the beginning of the digestive system. It contains the tongue, which helps with tasting and mixing food with saliva, and teeth, which mechanically break down food into smaller pieces.

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What's the purpose of salivary glands?

Salivary glands are located in the mouth and produce saliva, which contains enzymes that begin the chemical digestion of carbohydrates. Saliva also helps to lubricate food for easier swallowing.

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What's the purpose of the pharynx?

The pharynx is a tube that connects the mouth to the esophagus. It also plays a role in breathing. The epiglottis is a flap that closes the respiratory tract during swallowing, preventing food from entering the lungs.

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What is the role of the esophagus?

The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach. Muscle contractions called peristalsis push the food along.

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What happens to food in the stomach?

The stomach is a muscular organ that churns food and mixes it with gastric juices, which contain enzymes that break down proteins. This makes the food a thick liquid called chyme.

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Study Notes

Nutrition, Digestive, and Respiratory Systems

  • Living organisms exchange substances with their environment for nutrition. This process differs between unicellular and multicellular organisms.
  • Unicellular organisms directly exchange substances with their surroundings.
  • Multicellular organisms use intermediary systems to exchange substances between cells and the external environment.

Substance Exchange Systems

  • Several systems work together to exchange substances within the body. These systems include:
  • Digestive System: Breaks down food into simpler substances (nutrients), absorbs them, and passes them into the bloodstream.
  • Respiratory System: Takes in oxygen (Oâ‚‚), and releases carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) from the blood.
  • Circulatory System: Carries nutrients and oxygen to cells and transports waste products to excretory organs.
  • Lymphatic System: Works with the circulatory system to transport substances.
  • Excretory System: Removes waste substances from the blood and expels them from the body.

Digestive System Details

  • The digestive tract is a long tube comprised of multiple parts: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and anus.

  • Accessory digestive glands include salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas.

  • Mouth: Chewing (mechanical digestion) and saliva production (chemical digestion).

  • Pharynx: Passageway for food and air.

  • Esophagus: Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach.

  • Stomach: Churning and the secretion of gastric juices for chemical digestion, specifically proteins. Converts bolus into chyme.

  • Small Intestine: Secretes intestinal juices to further break down food and absorb nutrients. Three parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum. Absorption through villi.

  • Large Intestine: Absorbs water from indigested material and forms feces.

Respiratory System Details

  • Respiratory Tract: A system of tubes carrying air to and from the lungs. Parts include: nostrils, pharynx (with epiglottis), larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
  • Lungs: Spongy organs located in the rib cage, separated by a double membrane (pleura).
  • Nostrils: Warm and humidify inhaled air. Contain mucus and hairs for filtering.
  • Pharynx: Passageway for air and food.
  • Epiglottis: Flap that prevents food from entering the trachea.
  • Larynx: Contains vocal cords for sound production.
  • Trachea: Supported by cartilage rings, transports air.
  • Bronchi: Branches of the trachea into the lungs.
  • Bronchioles: Further subdivisions of bronchi.
  • Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
  • Diaphragm: Muscle that controls breathing. Contracts for inhalation; relaxes for exhalation.

Gas Exchange

  • Gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (diffusion).
  • Oxygen from inhaled air moves into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the lungs for exhalation.

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