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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of carbohydrates in our diet?
What is the primary role of carbohydrates in our diet?
Which of the following is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C?
Which of the following is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C?
What component in a balanced diet helps to prevent constipation?
What component in a balanced diet helps to prevent constipation?
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a ratio of which two measurements?
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a ratio of which two measurements?
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Which of the following is NOT a role of proteins in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a role of proteins in the body?
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Which item in a joint structure helps lubricate the joint?
Which item in a joint structure helps lubricate the joint?
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What is a significant consequence of high sugar intake?
What is a significant consequence of high sugar intake?
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What is the primary function of ligaments in the human skeleton?
What is the primary function of ligaments in the human skeleton?
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Study Notes
Lifestyle and Health
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Food Classes: Seven food groups: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Each provides a specific function for the body.
- Carbohydrates: Provide energy (e.g., rice, bread).
- Fats (Lipids): Provide most energy, made of glycerol and fatty acids, stored as glycogen. (e.g., butter, cooking oil).
- Proteins: Made of amino acids, build and repair tissues (e.g., fish, meat, eggs).
- Water: Regulates body temperature, absorbs nutrients, flushes out waste, and repairs tissues.
- Vitamins: Necessary for health (e.g., fruits).
- Minerals: Build different substances in the body (e.g., calcium, sodium, iron).
- Fiber: Prevents constipation (e.g, vegetables, fruits).
Digestion
- Digestion breaks down large insoluble food molecules into small soluble molecules.
Measuring Energy
- Calorimetry measures energy by burning food in a controlled environment. The temperature increase in water determines the energy in calories per gram of food.
Deficiency Diseases
- Caused by a lack of a dietary component.
- Vitamin A Deficiency: Leads to night blindness.
- Vitamin B Deficiency: Leads to beri-beri.
- Vitamin C Deficiency: Leads to scurvy.
- Vitamin D Deficiency: Leads to Rickets.
- Calcium Deficiency: Leads to Rickets/osteoporosis.
- Protein Deficiency: Leads to Kwashiorkor.
- Iron Deficiency: Leads to Anemia.
Balanced Diet
- Contains the correct proportions of all seven food groups. Leads to good adult health.
BMI (Body Mass Index)
- Measures obesity, calculated as Mass (kg) / Height (m²).
Smoking
- Nicotine: Causes addiction and narrows blood vessels.
- Tar: Sticks to lungs and causes cancer.
- Carbon Monoxide: Stops respiration and causes oxygen starvation.
Muscles and Movement
- Muscles are responsible for movement.
- Muscles can only pull, not push.
- Muscles work in pairs (antagonistic muscles)
- Examples of movements: Hips, knee, elbow.
- Joint types: Hinge, ball-and-socket.
Human Skeleton
- Ligaments: Hold bones together.
- Cartilage: Cushions bones.
- Synovial fluid: Lubricates joints.
- Tendons: Join muscles to bones.
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Description
Explore the essential food groups and their roles in our health. This quiz covers carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and more, alongside the digestion process and energy measurement techniques. Test your knowledge on how nutrients help keep our bodies functioning.
