Nutrition and Body Systems Quiz

Muscular organ in the mouth that helps with taste and breaking down food.

Small glands in your mouth that produce saliva, helping to break down carbohydrates.

The process of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces.

The process of chemically breaking down food using enzymes.

A ball of chewed food formed in the mouth.

A tube connecting the mouth to the stomach, transporting food.

Strong muscular organ that churns and mixes food with gastric juices for chemical digestion.

Thick, liquid form of food after digestion in the stomach.

The process of breathing in, where air from the atmosphere enters the lungs.

The movement of gases between the lungs and the blood.

The process of breathing out, where air from the lungs is expelled into the atmosphere.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of gases occurs.

The muscle that controls the volume of the chest cavity, enabling breathing.

Tiny folds found within the intestinal villi, further increasing surface area for absorption.

Finger-like projections that line the small intestine, significantly increasing surface area for nutrient absorption.

Folds in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption, creating a larger area for nutrients to enter.

The primary role of the large intestine is absorbing remaining water and minerals from undigested food.

Beneficial bacteria living in the large intestine that break down undigested food and produce waste.

The process of expelling waste from the body through the anus.

The respiratory system's primary function is to supply oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide.

A group of tubes that transport air between the lungs and the outside environment.

The first part of the small intestine, where digestive juices from the liver (bile) and pancreas (pancreatic liquid) mix with chyme, creating a milky fluid called chyle.

Finger-like projections that extend from the walls of the jejunum, increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption.

The final section of the small intestine, where most water and nutrients are absorbed.

The wider part of the digestive system, consisting of the caecum, colon, and rectum, responsible for water absorption and waste elimination.

Organs located outside the digestive tract that produce digestive juices, including the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.

Glands in the mouth that produce saliva containing amylase, an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates.

The largest gland in the body that secretes bile (stored in the gallbladder) to aid in fat digestion, stores glucose and iron, and eliminates toxins from the blood.

An organ that produces pancreatic juice containing enzymes for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and also secretes hormones regulating blood sugar.

A thin, moist layer lining the nostrils that humidifies incoming air and traps microorganisms.

Tiny hairs in the nasal passages that prevent large particles from entering the respiratory system.

A flap of cartilage that closes the entrance to the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.

The voice box, containing the vocal cords, which vibrate to produce sound.

A tube made of C-shaped cartilage rings that carries air from the larynx to the lungs.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange between the air and blood occurs.

The lining of the lungs, a double-membrane sac that reduces friction during breathing.

The process by which gases move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, such as oxygen moving from the alveoli to the blood and carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the alveoli.

The pancreas is an arrowhead-shaped gland situated beneath the stomach. It plays a vital role in digestion by secreting pancreatic juices into the intestine to neutralize stomach acidity. It also works as an endocrine gland, releasing hormones (like insulin) directly into the bloodstream.

Mechanical digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller pieces. This process involves physical actions like chewing, grinding, and the movement of food through the digestive system. It prepares food for further chemical breakdown.

Mastication is the first stage of mechanical digestion, where food is torn, cut, chewed, and grinded using teeth and jaw movements. This process reduces food size and makes it easier to swallow.

Insalivation involves mixing ground-up food with saliva using the tongue. This process forms a soft, easily swallowed lump called a bolus.

Deglutition is the process of swallowing, which involves using coordinated muscle contractions (peristalsis) to move the food bolus from the mouth, through the pharynx and esophagus, into the stomach.

Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food molecules into smaller nutrient molecules using enzymes found in digestive juices. This process occurs in different parts of the digestive system. For example, saliva in the mouth starts breaking down carbohydrates, while stomach acids and enzymes break down proteins.

The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption. This process is very efficient due to the large surface area of the intestinal wall, increased by finger-like projections called villi.

Chyle is a milky-white fluid produced in the small intestine during digestion. It consists of water, digested nutrients, and undigested food products. Chyle carries nutrients through the bloodstream to reach all the body's cells.