Podcast
Questions and Answers
Heterotrophs like ourselves must get their food in the form of complex molecules already made by other creatures. Foods consist mainly of ______.
Heterotrophs like ourselves must get their food in the form of complex molecules already made by other creatures. Foods consist mainly of ______.
water
Apart from water, foods are made up of proteins, carbohydrates and ______.
Apart from water, foods are made up of proteins, carbohydrates and ______.
fats
The body is an incredibly complicated chemical machine. For it to work at all, it needs a supply of proteins, fats and ______ for fuel and building materials.
The body is an incredibly complicated chemical machine. For it to work at all, it needs a supply of proteins, fats and ______ for fuel and building materials.
carbohydrates
These are called ______ and minerals.
These are called ______ and minerals.
Without ______, certain illnesses called deficiency diseases will result.
Without ______, certain illnesses called deficiency diseases will result.
Fats are broken down into ______.
Fats are broken down into ______.
Proteins are broken down into ______.
Proteins are broken down into ______.
Examples of polysaccharides include ______ and ______.
Examples of polysaccharides include ______ and ______.
The ______ receives processed material from the small intestine.
The ______ receives processed material from the small intestine.
The large intestine is approximately ______ meters long.
The large intestine is approximately ______ meters long.
The ______ is the longest part of the large intestine.
The ______ is the longest part of the large intestine.
The ______ is the last 20 cm of the large intestine.
The ______ is the last 20 cm of the large intestine.
The appendix is a projection at the area where the small intestine meets the large ______.
The appendix is a projection at the area where the small intestine meets the large ______.
Around ______ liters of fluids pass through the colon and get absorbed back into the body.
Around ______ liters of fluids pass through the colon and get absorbed back into the body.
More than ______ species of bacteria normally inhabit the large intestine.
More than ______ species of bacteria normally inhabit the large intestine.
E. coli receives food from humans and humans receive/absorb vitamins ______ and K.
E. coli receives food from humans and humans receive/absorb vitamins ______ and K.
Bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass characterize ____________.
Bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass characterize ____________.
Not enough ____________ or water prevents stimulation of peristalsis in the digestive system.
Not enough ____________ or water prevents stimulation of peristalsis in the digestive system.
Difficulty defecating is a symptom of ____________.
Difficulty defecating is a symptom of ____________.
A ____________ is a bacteria species that prevents mucus producing cells from producing enough mucus, causing stomach ulcers.
A ____________ is a bacteria species that prevents mucus producing cells from producing enough mucus, causing stomach ulcers.
A burning sensation or pain in the middle of the abdomen is a symptom of ____________.
A burning sensation or pain in the middle of the abdomen is a symptom of ____________.
Laxatives and a high-fiber diet are used to treat ____________.
Laxatives and a high-fiber diet are used to treat ____________.
The treatment for stomach ulcers may include ____________ to eliminate the H. pylori bacteria.
The treatment for stomach ulcers may include ____________ to eliminate the H. pylori bacteria.
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to treat ____________.
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to treat ____________.
A diet for diarrhea typically includes the ______________ diet.
A diet for diarrhea typically includes the ______________ diet.
Diarrhea can be caused by ______________ or viral infections.
Diarrhea can be caused by ______________ or viral infections.
In Diabetes, the pancreas produces ______________ insulin.
In Diabetes, the pancreas produces ______________ insulin.
Type I Diabetes cannot be ______________.
Type I Diabetes cannot be ______________.
In Diabetes, the presence of ______________ in the urine is a sign of the body breaking down muscle and fat for energy.
In Diabetes, the presence of ______________ in the urine is a sign of the body breaking down muscle and fat for energy.
Type II Diabetes is often treated with ______________ medications.
Type II Diabetes is often treated with ______________ medications.
In Type II Diabetes, the body cells do not respond properly to ______________.
In Type II Diabetes, the body cells do not respond properly to ______________.
Type II Diabetes can often be ______________ through diet and exercise.
Type II Diabetes can often be ______________ through diet and exercise.
In Diabetes, high levels of glucose in the bloodstream can cause ______________ vision.
In Diabetes, high levels of glucose in the bloodstream can cause ______________ vision.
Frequent urination is a symptom of ______________.
Frequent urination is a symptom of ______________.
The __________ divide to form smaller airways.
The __________ divide to form smaller airways.
The __________ are sites of gas exchange between air and blood.
The __________ are sites of gas exchange between air and blood.
During inspiration, the __________ contracts and moves downward.
During inspiration, the __________ contracts and moves downward.
The __________ separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
The __________ separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
Air is moist and __________ degrees Celsius in the alveoli.
Air is moist and __________ degrees Celsius in the alveoli.
The __________ divide to form smaller airways called bronchioles.
The __________ divide to form smaller airways called bronchioles.
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Study Notes
Nutrition and Energy
- Heterotrophs, like humans, must obtain food in the form of complex molecules from other creatures
- Food consists mainly of water, with the remaining components being proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
- Vitamins and minerals are also essential for the proper functioning of the body, and their deficiency can lead to diseases
Macronutrients
- The three macronutrients are:
- Proteins: broken down into polypeptide chains and amino acids
- Carbohydrates: broken down into sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose, galactose)
- Fats: broken down into fatty acids and glycerol
Vitamins and Minerals
- Vitamins and minerals are essential for the proper functioning of the body
- Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals can lead to diseases
- Examples of vitamins and minerals include:
- Vitamins: A, C, D, E, K, and B complex
- Minerals: calcium, iron, zinc, and potassium
Digestive System
- The digestive system is a complex process that involves the breakdown of nutrients into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body
- The large intestine (colon) is responsible for:
- Absorbing water and electrolytes
- Producing and absorbing vitamins
- Forming and propelling feces towards the rectum for elimination
- The parts of the large intestine include:
- Cecum: receives processed material from the small intestine
- Colon: the longest part of the large intestine, divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
- Rectum: the last 20 cm of the large intestine, responsible for holding waste products until elimination
- The appendix is a small projection at the junction of the small and large intestines, which does not serve a digestive function in humans but helps digest cellulose in some plant-eating animals
Digestive System Disorders
- Constipation: infrequent or hard-to-pass bowel movements, often due to low fiber or water intake, and can be treated with laxatives, fiber-rich foods, and increased water intake
- Stomach ulcers (H. pylori): bacteria that prevent mucus-producing cells from functioning properly, causing burning sensations or pain in the middle of the abdomen, and can be treated with antibiotics and medication
- Diarrhea: loose, watery stools and frequent bowel movements, often caused by bacterial or viral infections, and can be treated with the BRAT diet, drinking water, and staying hydrated
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