40 Questions
Heterotrophs like ourselves must get their food in the form of complex molecules already made by other creatures. Foods consist mainly of ______.
water
Apart from water, foods are made up of proteins, carbohydrates and ______.
fats
The body is an incredibly complicated chemical machine. For it to work at all, it needs a supply of proteins, fats and ______ for fuel and building materials.
carbohydrates
These are called ______ and minerals.
vitamins
Without ______, certain illnesses called deficiency diseases will result.
vitamins and minerals
Fats are broken down into ______.
fats/oils
Proteins are broken down into ______.
polypeptide chains amino acids
Examples of polysaccharides include ______ and ______.
starch, glycogen
The ______ receives processed material from the small intestine.
cecum
The large intestine is approximately ______ meters long.
1.5
The ______ is the longest part of the large intestine.
colon
The ______ is the last 20 cm of the large intestine.
rectum
The appendix is a projection at the area where the small intestine meets the large ______.
intestine
Around ______ liters of fluids pass through the colon and get absorbed back into the body.
20
More than ______ species of bacteria normally inhabit the large intestine.
550
E. coli receives food from humans and humans receive/absorb vitamins ______ and K.
B
Bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass characterize ____________.
constipation
Not enough ____________ or water prevents stimulation of peristalsis in the digestive system.
fiber
Difficulty defecating is a symptom of ____________.
constipation
A ____________ is a bacteria species that prevents mucus producing cells from producing enough mucus, causing stomach ulcers.
H. pylori
A burning sensation or pain in the middle of the abdomen is a symptom of ____________.
stomach ulcers
Laxatives and a high-fiber diet are used to treat ____________.
constipation
The treatment for stomach ulcers may include ____________ to eliminate the H. pylori bacteria.
antibiotics
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to treat ____________.
stomach ulcers
A diet for diarrhea typically includes the ______________ diet.
BRAT
Diarrhea can be caused by ______________ or viral infections.
bacteria
In Diabetes, the pancreas produces ______________ insulin.
little to no
Type I Diabetes cannot be ______________.
prevented
In Diabetes, the presence of ______________ in the urine is a sign of the body breaking down muscle and fat for energy.
ketones
Type II Diabetes is often treated with ______________ medications.
non-insulin
In Type II Diabetes, the body cells do not respond properly to ______________.
insulin
Type II Diabetes can often be ______________ through diet and exercise.
prevented
In Diabetes, high levels of glucose in the bloodstream can cause ______________ vision.
blurry
Frequent urination is a symptom of ______________.
Diabetes
The __________ divide to form smaller airways.
main bronchi
The __________ are sites of gas exchange between air and blood.
alveoli
During inspiration, the __________ contracts and moves downward.
diaphragm
The __________ separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
diaphragm
Air is moist and __________ degrees Celsius in the alveoli.
37
The __________ divide to form smaller airways called bronchioles.
main bronchi
Study Notes
Nutrition and Energy
- Heterotrophs, like humans, must obtain food in the form of complex molecules from other creatures
- Food consists mainly of water, with the remaining components being proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
- Vitamins and minerals are also essential for the proper functioning of the body, and their deficiency can lead to diseases
Macronutrients
- The three macronutrients are:
- Proteins: broken down into polypeptide chains and amino acids
- Carbohydrates: broken down into sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose, galactose)
- Fats: broken down into fatty acids and glycerol
Vitamins and Minerals
- Vitamins and minerals are essential for the proper functioning of the body
- Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals can lead to diseases
- Examples of vitamins and minerals include:
- Vitamins: A, C, D, E, K, and B complex
- Minerals: calcium, iron, zinc, and potassium
Digestive System
- The digestive system is a complex process that involves the breakdown of nutrients into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body
- The large intestine (colon) is responsible for:
- Absorbing water and electrolytes
- Producing and absorbing vitamins
- Forming and propelling feces towards the rectum for elimination
- The parts of the large intestine include:
- Cecum: receives processed material from the small intestine
- Colon: the longest part of the large intestine, divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
- Rectum: the last 20 cm of the large intestine, responsible for holding waste products until elimination
- The appendix is a small projection at the junction of the small and large intestines, which does not serve a digestive function in humans but helps digest cellulose in some plant-eating animals
Digestive System Disorders
- Constipation: infrequent or hard-to-pass bowel movements, often due to low fiber or water intake, and can be treated with laxatives, fiber-rich foods, and increased water intake
- Stomach ulcers (H. pylori): bacteria that prevent mucus-producing cells from functioning properly, causing burning sensations or pain in the middle of the abdomen, and can be treated with antibiotics and medication
- Diarrhea: loose, watery stools and frequent bowel movements, often caused by bacterial or viral infections, and can be treated with the BRAT diet, drinking water, and staying hydrated
This quiz covers the basics of nutrition, exploring the importance of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the human body. It also touches on the role of vitamins and minerals.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
