Biology: Nutrition and Respiration

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the process of nutrition?

  • To coordinate responses to stimuli
  • To obtain and utilize nutrients for energy, growth, and maintenance (correct)
  • To remove waste products from the body
  • To release energy from glucose

Which type of nutrition involves producing food through photosynthesis?

  • Heterotrophic nutrition
  • Anaerobic respiration
  • Autotrophic nutrition (correct)
  • Aerobic respiration

What is the byproduct of anaerobic respiration?

  • CO2 and H2O
  • Lactic acid and CO2 (correct)
  • ATP and glucose
  • Oxygen and glucose

What is the primary function of the process of excretion?

<p>To remove waste products from the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products in humans?

<p>Circulatory system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for coordinating responses to stimuli in humans?

<p>Nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells become specialized into specific types and tissues?

<p>Differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the increase in cell number in living organisms?

<p>Cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Nutrition

  • Definition: Process by which living organisms obtain and utilize nutrients for energy, growth, and maintenance.
  • Types:
    • Autotrophic nutrition: Organisms produce their own food through photosynthesis (e.g., plants, algae).
    • Heterotrophic nutrition: Organisms obtain food by consuming other organisms or organic matter (e.g., animals, fungi).

Respiration

  • Definition: Process by which living organisms break down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.
  • Types:
    • Aerobic respiration: Occurs in the presence of oxygen, producing CO2 and H2O as byproducts.
    • Anaerobic respiration: Occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing lactic acid or ethanol and CO2 as byproducts.

Transportation

  • Definition: Process by which living organisms move substances within their bodies or between their bodies and the environment.
  • Types:
    • Circulatory system: Transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products through blood vessels (e.g., humans, animals).
    • Xylem and phloem: Transport of water, nutrients, and sugars through plant vascular tissues.

Excretion

  • Definition: Process by which living organisms remove waste products from their bodies.
  • Types:
    • Kidneys: Filter waste and excess substances from the blood, producing urine (e.g., humans, animals).
    • Leaves: Remove excess water and minerals through transpiration (e.g., plants).

Regulation

  • Definition: Process by which living organisms maintain homeostasis and respond to changes in their environment.
  • Types:
    • Nervous system: Coordinates responses to stimuli through nerve impulses (e.g., humans, animals).
    • Hormone regulation: Chemical messengers control growth, development, and metabolism (e.g., humans, animals, plants).

Growth and Development

  • Definition: Process by which living organisms increase in size, complexity, and function.
  • Types:
    • Cell division: Increase in cell number through mitosis and meiosis.
    • Differentiation: Specialization of cells into specific types and tissues.
    • Morphogenesis: Formation of shape and structure through tissue organization.

Reproduction

  • Definition: Process by which living organisms produce offspring.
  • Types:
    • Sexual reproduction: Combination of genetic material from two parents (e.g., humans, animals, plants).
    • Asexual reproduction: Production of offspring from a single parent (e.g., bacteria, protists).

Nutrition

  • Autotrophic nutrition occurs through photosynthesis in organisms like plants and algae, producing their own food.
  • Heterotrophic nutrition involves consuming other organisms or organic matter for energy, seen in animals and fungi.
  • Nutrition is essential for energy, growth, and maintenance in living organisms.

Respiration

  • Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen, producing CO2, H2O, and ATP.
  • Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, resulting in lactic acid or ethanol and CO2 production.
  • Respiration releases energy from glucose in the form of ATP.

Transportation

  • The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products through blood vessels in humans and animals.
  • Xylem and phloem tissues transport water, nutrients, and sugars in plant vascular systems.
  • Transportation is crucial for maintaining cellular and tissue functions.

Excretion

  • Kidneys filter waste and excess substances from the blood, producing urine in humans and animals.
  • Leaves remove excess water and minerals through transpiration in plants.
  • Excretion removes waste products from the body to maintain homeostasis.

Regulation

  • The nervous system coordinates responses to stimuli through nerve impulses in humans and animals.
  • Hormone regulation uses chemical messengers to control growth, development, and metabolism in humans, animals, and plants.
  • Regulation maintains homeostasis and responds to environmental changes.

Growth and Development

  • Cell division increases cell number through mitosis and meiosis.
  • Differentiation specializes cells into specific types and tissues.
  • Morphogenesis forms shape and structure through tissue organization.
  • Growth and development result in increased size, complexity, and function.

Reproduction

  • Sexual reproduction combines genetic material from two parents, seen in humans, animals, and plants.
  • Asexual reproduction produces offspring from a single parent, found in bacteria and protists.
  • Reproduction ensures the continuation of a species.

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