Nutrition and Aging Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the mechanisms of aging discussed in the text?

  • Genetic regulation and hormonal control
  • Increased antioxidant systems and reduced insulin secretion
  • Enhanced repair mechanisms and reduced insulin sensitivity
  • Injury to DNA and telomeres due to metabolic by-products (correct)

What is the impact of diet and lifestyle during childhood according to the text?

  • It is solely influenced by genetic factors
  • It only affects adulthood health
  • It influences the risk of chronic disease (correct)
  • It has no impact on chronic disease

What are telomeres according to the text?

  • Regions of non-coding DNA with unknown function
  • Enzymes responsible for DNA repair
  • Repetitive DNA at the end of chromosomes, thought to protect against deterioration (correct)
  • Segments of RNA involved in protein synthesis

What is the impact of malnutrition in older adults as per the text?

<p>It leads to consequences discussed in the text (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence aging according to the text?

<p>Environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the hallmarks of aging discussed in the text?

<p>Inefficient repair mechanisms and cellular damage accumulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of increased longevity in mutant mice as per the text?

<p>Increased antioxidant systems and reduced insulin secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomeres in aging according to the text?

<p>Thought to protect the chromosome against deterioration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does aging affect organ systems according to the text?

<p>It affects all organ systems and is a complex phenotype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the controversial mechanisms of aging discussed in the text?

<p>Injury to DNA, telomeres, and genetically regulated process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target protein for resveratrol?

<p>SIRT1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of overexpressing SIRT1 in the brain of mice?

<p>Increased lifespan and delayed cancer onset (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of autophagy?

<p>A cytoprotective self-digestive process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some physiological changes associated with aging?

<p>Sensory decline, atrophic gastritis, and dementia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can affect nutritional status in older adults?

<p>Social and economic changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of medications on nutritional status?

<p>Interference with tasting and reduced food intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of caloric restriction on Rhesus monkeys in the 2012 study?

<p>Restricted-diet monkeys did not live any longer than non-diet restricted monkeys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of caloric restriction on young or adolescent animals?

<p>They have no health benefit and die at a higher rate than controls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of resveratrol?

<p>Anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and cardioprotective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common denominator of many lifespan-extending manipulations?

<p>Clearing cellular damage by autophagy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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