Nutrition and Aging Quiz

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What are the mechanisms of aging discussed in the text?

Genetic regulation and hormonal control

Increased antioxidant systems and reduced insulin secretion

Enhanced repair mechanisms and reduced insulin sensitivity

Injury to DNA and telomeres due to metabolic by-products (correct)

What is the impact of diet and lifestyle during childhood according to the text?

It is solely influenced by genetic factors

It only affects adulthood health

It influences the risk of chronic disease (correct)

It has no impact on chronic disease

What are telomeres according to the text?

Regions of non-coding DNA with unknown function

Enzymes responsible for DNA repair

Repetitive DNA at the end of chromosomes, thought to protect against deterioration (correct)

Segments of RNA involved in protein synthesis

What is the impact of malnutrition in older adults as per the text?

It leads to consequences discussed in the text Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence aging according to the text?

Environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

What are the hallmarks of aging discussed in the text?

Inefficient repair mechanisms and cellular damage accumulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of increased longevity in mutant mice as per the text?

Increased antioxidant systems and reduced insulin secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomeres in aging according to the text?

Thought to protect the chromosome against deterioration Signup and view all the answers

How does aging affect organ systems according to the text?

It affects all organ systems and is a complex phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What are the controversial mechanisms of aging discussed in the text?

Injury to DNA, telomeres, and genetically regulated process Signup and view all the answers

What is the target protein for resveratrol?

SIRT1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of overexpressing SIRT1 in the brain of mice?

Increased lifespan and delayed cancer onset Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of autophagy?

A cytoprotective self-digestive process Signup and view all the answers

What are some physiological changes associated with aging?

Sensory decline, atrophic gastritis, and dementia Signup and view all the answers

What can affect nutritional status in older adults?

Social and economic changes Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of medications on nutritional status?

Interference with tasting and reduced food intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of caloric restriction on Rhesus monkeys in the 2012 study?

Restricted-diet monkeys did not live any longer than non-diet restricted monkeys Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of caloric restriction on young or adolescent animals?

They have no health benefit and die at a higher rate than controls Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of resveratrol?

Anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and cardioprotective Signup and view all the answers

What is the common denominator of many lifespan-extending manipulations?

Clearing cellular damage by autophagy Signup and view all the answers