Nutrition and Longevity Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a significant risk associated with high plasma levels of Vitamin A in older adults?

Increased absorption of dietary Vitamin A

Enhanced clearance from the blood

Toxicity and potential liver damage (correct)

Lower risk of deficiency

Which vitamin is mentioned as being poorly synthesized by the skin in elderly individuals?

Vitamin A

Vitamin K

Vitamin B12

Vitamin D (correct)

What dietary factor is emphasized to help offset the negative effects of sodium intake?

Adequate intakes of potassium (correct)

Increased sugar consumption

Supplements of Vitamin C

High protein diets

Why might older adults have lower serum Vitamin B12 levels despite adequate dietary intake?

Reduced hydrochloric acid and pepsin production in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum fluid intake for older adults?

1500 mL Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of longevity is influenced by lifestyle according to the CDC?

51% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms has NOT been cited as receiving benefits from calorie restriction?

Humans Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate lifespan of a rhesus monkey as mentioned in the context?

27 years Signup and view all the answers

Starting calorie restriction at what age results in a lower life extension in mice?

1 year Signup and view all the answers

What impact does starting calorie restriction at age 55 have on life expectancy, according to the provided scenario?

6 weeks life extension Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a key finding related to centenarians from Okinawa?

Low caloric intake from youth Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of caloric restriction is observed in adults residing in Redman?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage change in body weight observed during the Biosphere study for participants practicing calorie restriction?

15% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following health measures showed improvement due to calorie restriction in humans?

Total cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

In the CALERIE study, what was the duration of the calorie restriction intervention?

2 years Signup and view all the answers

Which age group comprised participants in the CALERIE study?

25-45 years Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with significant calorie restriction?

Amenorrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of calorie restriction studies mentioned?

They overlook individual genetic variability Signup and view all the answers

What metabolic change was NOT associated with calorie restriction according to the provided studies?

Increased metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

Why is a calorie restriction level of 30-40% considered impractical?

It may cause lack of concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What main focus is suggested in the limitations regarding the effects of calorie restriction on human lifespan?

Prioritize quality of life and health span Signup and view all the answers

What level of calorie restriction is considered more feasible than 30-40%?

10-15% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Objectives

Describe nutritional interventions for lifespan extension
Discuss nutrients of concern for this age group

Food Matters: Nutrition and Longevity

Lifelong dietary habits cumulatively affect nutritional status in old age
Longevity depends on several factors, 51% attributed to lifestyle

How to Extend Lifespan

Calorie restriction is the only non-genetic manipulation proven to extend lifespan
Proper nutrient intake is essential while restricting calories

Calorie Restriction for Longevity

Reducing calories by 30-40% extends lifespan in rodents compared to a full-fed diet
The earlier the restriction, the greater the lifespan extension in mice

Calorie Restriction in Non-Human Primates

A study in 2017, involving 30% calorie restriction, showed benefits in rhesus monkeys, including lowered blood pressure, body temperature, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipids; a lowered incidence of cancer.
Diet, nutrient composition, and genetic background can influence the effects of calorie restriction.

Can Calorie Restriction Extend Human Life?

A 48-year-old male, reducing calories by 30% for 30 years, would extend their lifespan by approximately 2.8 years, if they initiate the change from age 48
Starting calorie restriction at 55 for 23 years would offer 6 weeks of life extension

Calorie Restriction in Humans - Okinawa Centenarians

Okinawa's centenarians have a low caloric intake during childhood and adolescence, along with a 10-15% energy deficit from young to middle-age.
Diet is nutrient-dense and daily activities require significant physical exertion.

Calorie Restriction in Humans - Biosphere Study

A 6-month study involving a -750 kcal/d unexpected CR led to a 10-15% weight loss, along with measurable improvements in measures relating to heart disease and decreased levels of some blood glucose markers.

Calorie Restriction in Humans - CALERIE Study

A prospective, randomized, controlled study observed the long-term effects of reducing caloric intake by 25%, 20% and 30% over 2 years in non-obese healthy adults aged 25-45.

Calorie Restriction in Humans - Limitations

30-40% caloric restriction may be impractical; 10-15% is more manageable reduction
Potential adverse effects include concentration issues and amenorrhea
Genetic variability affects the response to calorie restriction and overall lifespan
Difficult to identify significant, direct measurable endpoints of calorie restriction in humans

Nutrients of Concern: Age-Associated

Vitamin A levels and liver stores increase with age; however, the risk for toxicity increases
Vitamin D Synthesis decreases with age

Nutrients of Concern: Low Dietary Intake

Potassium is critical for electrolyte balance, and adequate intake can mitigate the negative effects of high sodium intake.
Vitamin K is essential for blood coagulation and bone health.
Vitamin B12 is essential for maintaining appropriate cell function and development, however, absorption may be affected by age related changes, for instance, in stomach function.
Sufficient fluid intake is crucial for hydration, as the ability to maintain hydration decreases with age.

Summary

Aging is linked to cellular structure and metabolic abnormalities
Defining aging based on function is more accurate than chronological age
Physiological changes accompany aging
Calorie restriction can be an effective longevity strategy for both humans and animals.

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Description

Test your knowledge on nutritional interventions that promote lifespan extension and understand the essential nutrients for older adults. This quiz will cover the impact of dietary habits over a lifetime and the role of calorie restriction in longevity.