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Chronic excessive alcohol consumption can lead to a variety of health issues. Which of the following is a potential consequence of long-term alcohol abuse beyond those listed?
Chronic excessive alcohol consumption can lead to a variety of health issues. Which of the following is a potential consequence of long-term alcohol abuse beyond those listed?
- Enhanced nerve cell communication.
- Cirrhosis of the liver. (correct)
- Decreased risk of fatty liver disease.
- Improved nutrient absorption.
Carbohydrates serve multiple roles within the body, but which of the following is their MOST crucial and immediate function?
Carbohydrates serve multiple roles within the body, but which of the following is their MOST crucial and immediate function?
- Acting as precursors for hormone synthesis.
- Facilitating enzymatic reactions.
- Providing structural support to cell membranes.
- Fueling cellular activities. (correct)
Proteins are complex molecules with diverse functions, all based on a fundamental structural unit. What are the monomers that constitute proteins?
Proteins are complex molecules with diverse functions, all based on a fundamental structural unit. What are the monomers that constitute proteins?
- Monounsaturated fats.
- Peptide chains. (correct)
- Simple sugars.
- Glycerol molecules.
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is influenced by several physiological and behavioral factors. Considering two individuals of similar weight and gender consuming the same amount of alcohol, which additional factor would MOST significantly affect their respective BAC levels?
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is influenced by several physiological and behavioral factors. Considering two individuals of similar weight and gender consuming the same amount of alcohol, which additional factor would MOST significantly affect their respective BAC levels?
Phospholipids play a critical role in cell structure. Which of the following properties of phospholipids enables them to form cellular membranes?
Phospholipids play a critical role in cell structure. Which of the following properties of phospholipids enables them to form cellular membranes?
Photosynthesis is a crucial process for life on Earth. What is the primary type of organic molecule synthesized during photosynthesis in plants?
Photosynthesis is a crucial process for life on Earth. What is the primary type of organic molecule synthesized during photosynthesis in plants?
Essential fatty acids are crucial for human health, and must be obtained from the diet. What characteristic do all essential fatty acids share?
Essential fatty acids are crucial for human health, and must be obtained from the diet. What characteristic do all essential fatty acids share?
Disaccharides must be broken down into simpler sugars before they can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Which of the following disaccharides requires enzymatic hydrolysis into its monosaccharide components for absorption?
Disaccharides must be broken down into simpler sugars before they can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Which of the following disaccharides requires enzymatic hydrolysis into its monosaccharide components for absorption?
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, what is considered moderate alcohol consumption for women and men, respectively, per day?
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, what is considered moderate alcohol consumption for women and men, respectively, per day?
How do complementary proteins work to ensure adequate intake of essential amino acids?
How do complementary proteins work to ensure adequate intake of essential amino acids?
What structural adaptations in the small intestine significantly enhance the absorption of nutrients, including fats?
What structural adaptations in the small intestine significantly enhance the absorption of nutrients, including fats?
What is a potential adverse effect of using protein as the body's primary energy source?
What is a potential adverse effect of using protein as the body's primary energy source?
Which substance facilitates the digestion of fats in the small intestine by emulsifying them?
Which substance facilitates the digestion of fats in the small intestine by emulsifying them?
Which of the following is a key function of proteins within the human body?
Which of the following is a key function of proteins within the human body?
According to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) guidelines, what is the recommended daily limit for saturated fats as a percentage of total daily calorie intake for adults?
According to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) guidelines, what is the recommended daily limit for saturated fats as a percentage of total daily calorie intake for adults?
Which condition is primarily the result of severe protein deficiency, often seen in children in developing countries, characterized by edema/swelling?
Which condition is primarily the result of severe protein deficiency, often seen in children in developing countries, characterized by edema/swelling?
During alcohol metabolism, what transformation occurs to acetaldehyde in the subsequent step?
During alcohol metabolism, what transformation occurs to acetaldehyde in the subsequent step?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a primary type of lipid found in the body?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a primary type of lipid found in the body?
From the options below, identify the disaccharide.
From the options below, identify the disaccharide.
What are the ultimate products of protein digestion that are absorbed by the intestinal cells?
What are the ultimate products of protein digestion that are absorbed by the intestinal cells?
Why is the tertiary structure of a protein essential for its function?
Why is the tertiary structure of a protein essential for its function?
What is the Recommmended Dietary Allowance for protein for healthy adult men and women?
What is the Recommmended Dietary Allowance for protein for healthy adult men and women?
Why is maintaining stable blood glucose levels so crucial?
Why is maintaining stable blood glucose levels so crucial?
Flashcards
Alcohol's Health Risks
Alcohol's Health Risks
Impaired nerve function, nutrient absorption issues, and liver damage due to fat accumulation.
Carbohydrates Function
Carbohydrates Function
The primary role of carbohydrates is to supply the body with energy.
Protein Building Blocks
Protein Building Blocks
Amino acids are the building blocks that make up proteins.
Factors Affecting BAC
Factors Affecting BAC
All these factors affect BAC: weight, gender, and the amount of alcohol consumed.
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Phospholipid Feature
Phospholipid Feature
Phospholipids have a phosphate group and fatty acids; essential to cell membranes.
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Photosynthesis Product
Photosynthesis Product
The process in plants that produces carbohydrates from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
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Essential Fatty Acids
Essential Fatty Acids
Unsaturated fats your body cannot produce; must be obtained through diet.
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Sucrose Digestion
Sucrose Digestion
Sucrose must be broken down into glucose and fructose before it can be absorbed.
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Moderate Alcohol Intake
Moderate Alcohol Intake
Moderate alcohol consumption is defined as up to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men.
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Complementary Proteins
Complementary Proteins
Proteins that, when combined, provide all essential amino acids.
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Small Intestine Absorption
Small Intestine Absorption
Villi and microvilli increase the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine.
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Protein as Energy Source
Protein as Energy Source
Using protein as a primary energy source can lead to decreased muscle mass.
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Bile's Function
Bile's Function
Bile emulsifies fats in the small intestine, aiding in their digestion.
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Functions of Protein
Functions of Protein
Proteins perform ALL of the following functions: acid-base balance, hormones, and fluid balance.
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Saturated Fat Limit
Saturated Fat Limit
The recommended daily limit of saturated fats is less than 10% of total daily calorie intake.
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Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor is caused by a severe protein deficiency, characterized by edema/swelling.
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Acetaldehyde Metabolism
Acetaldehyde Metabolism
Acetaldehyde is converted to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).
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NOT a lipid
NOT a lipid
Polysaccharides
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Disaccharide
Disaccharide
Lactose
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Protein Digestion End-Products
Protein Digestion End-Products
Amino Acids
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Tertiary Structure Function
Tertiary Structure Function
Provides the overall three-dimensional shape necessary for function
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RDA for Protein
RDA for Protein
0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight
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Low Blood Glucose
Low Blood Glucose
It can cause dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness
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- Excessive alcohol consumption elevates the risk of nerve cell communication disruption, nutrient malabsorption, and fatty liver disease.
Carbohydrates
- Serve as the primary energy source in the diet.
Proteins
- Amino acids are the building blocks.
Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)
- BAC is affected by an individual's weight, gender, and the amount of alcohol consumed.
Phospholipids
- Distinguished by the presence of a phosphate group in addition to fatty acids.
Photosynthesis
- Plants produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis.
Essential Fatty Acids
- Both are unsaturated fatty acids.
Sucrose
- Sucrose must be broken down into monosaccharides before it can be absorbed.
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)
- Often referred to as "good cholesterol" due to its role in transporting cholesterol from tissues back to the liver for excretion or recycling.
Moderate Alcohol Consumption
- Defined as up to 1 drink per day for women and up to 2 drinks per day for men, according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Complementary Proteins
- When combined, supply all essential amino acids.
Small Intestine
- Villi and microvilli increase the surface area for nutrient absorption here, including of fats.
Protein as Energy Source
- Using protein as a primary energy source can result in decreased muscle mass.
Bile
- Bile emulsifies fats in the small intestine, which aids in their digestion by increasing surface area.
Protein function
- Aid in acid-base balance, hormone production, and fluid balance.
Saturated Fats
- The recommended daily limit is less than 10% of total daily calorie intake, as per RDA guidelines.
Kwashiorkor
- Primarily caused by a severe protein deficiency, is often observed in children in developing countries, and is characterized by edema/swelling.
Alcohol Metabolism
- Acetaldehyde is converted to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).
Lipids
- Polysaccharides are not a main type of lipid found in the body.
Lactose
- Is a disaccharide.
Protein Digestion
- Amino acids are the final products that are absorbed by the intestinal cells.
Tertiary Structure of a Protein
- Crucial for its function because it provides the overall three-dimensional shape necessary for function.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Protein
- 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight for most healthy adult men and women.
Hypoglycemia
- Avoiding prolonged periods of low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) is crucial because it can cause dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness.
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acids
- Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds between carbon atoms.
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