Nutrition and Alcohol

Alcohols, including ethanol, have one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups in their chemical structures.

Yeast breaks down simple sugars in the absence of oxygen to obtain energy, producing alcohol as a metabolic waste product.

Certain microbes, warm conditions, and a source of simple sugars are required for alcohol production through fermentation.

<p>Ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In American culture, turning 21 is often celebrated with social gatherings that involve the consumption of alcohol, marking a transition to legal adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This section focuses on alcohol metabolism and the effects of alcohol on the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many people consume alcohol during social gatherings, such as religious ceremonies, weddings, and other celebrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbes, such as yeast, break down simple sugars to obtain energy, producing alcohol as a byproduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beers, wines, and malt liquors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 to 50% alcohol; by dividing the 'proof' declaration on the label by two</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14 to 16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food delays its absorption from the stomach and slows the rate at which the drug enters the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastric alcohol dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver's ability to metabolize alcohol is overwhelmed, and the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) takes over.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the MEOS pathway wastes energy in the form of body heat, which dissipates into the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 1 alcoholic drink per hour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal characteristics such as sex, body size and composition, age, and prior drinking history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lungs eliminate some alcohol through exhalation, and the kidneys filter some alcohol from the bloodstream and eliminate it in urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to physiological factors including body size and composition, women have less body water and more body fat, causing more alcohol to remain in their bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of drinks consumed increases BAC, with women reaching higher BACs faster than men due to differences in body size and composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women have a higher risk of serious health problems, especially damage to their liver, brain, and heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to several factors, including personal characteristics, body size and composition, and prior drinking history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic drinking contributes to intestinal ulcer formation, particularly in the esophagus and stomach, which can cause chronic bleeding and may penetrate through the intestinal wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol damages every system in the body, particularly the gastrointestinal, nervous, and cardiovascular systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>88,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol acts as a depressant, slowing the transmission of messages between nerve cells (neurons).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic alcohol consumption increases the risk of various cancers, including mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, colon, and rectal cancers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The person loses control over voluntary muscles, particularly muscles that move the lips, eyes, and limbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serious and often deadly infections can occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic alcohol consumption increases the risk of alcoholic pancreatitis, a painful and sometimes fatal condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic alcohol abuse seriously damages several organs and increases the risk of various cancers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol depresses normal motor functioning, including breathing, and death can result.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatty liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raises HDL cholesterol levels and decreases platelet stickiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cancers of the oral cavity and esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher risk of breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A normal liver and a liver damaged by alcoholic cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Health benefits against heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver begins to fail</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding alcohol completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pregnant women, people planning to drive or use heavy machinery, people taking certain medications, people with medical conditions, recovering alcoholics, and people under 21 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It slows reaction times and reduces eye-hand coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscular wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid negative effects on strength, endurance, and overall performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonalcoholic beverages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid negative effects on strength, endurance, and overall performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe liver damage and even death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to malnutrition by displacing nutrient-dense foods from their diets and interfering with the absorption, metabolism, and storage of various micronutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They tend to have stronger bones and a lower risk of fractures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol is a diuretic that suppresses the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland, causing the body to lose water and certain vitamins and minerals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The embryo/fetus also 'drinks' alcohol because it passes freely from the mother's bloodstream into the embryo/fetus's bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The infant may be born with developmental abnormalities, including facial and heart defects, and irreversible damage to its nervous system, leading to intellectual disability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to deficiencies of vitamin A, vitamin C, and the B vitamins thiamin and folate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a result of the excess alcohol damaging the liver and interfering with the absorption, metabolism, and storage of various micronutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taking thiamin supplements can resolve some signs of the syndrome, but the person must avoid drinking alcohol while being treated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.08% or higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased alcohol metabolism rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Almost 51%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having four or more drinks during an occasion (about 2 hours)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15 or more drinks/week</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person with a severe drinking problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncontrollable need to drink</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-assessment for signs of AUD</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Needing to consume more alcohol to achieve the same effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain is unable to process information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons shrink, and the brain develops structural abnormalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is associated with driving while drunk, increases the risk of alcoholism, and can result in death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confusion, passing out and inability to be aroused, slow and irregular breathing, and pale or bluish skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the BAC rapidly and to a point at which signs of alcohol poisoning occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor muscular control, vomiting, and loss of balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heartbeat can slow down, and the lungs can stop functioning, resulting in death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach contents can enter the lungs, causing the person to choke to death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is seriously compromised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some loss of good judgment, altered mood, and relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers