Nutrition

1. A balanced diet contains all essential nutrients in correct proportions.
2. Carbohydrates provide energy and dietary fiber.
3. Lipids (fats and oils) provide energy, absorb certain vitamins, and form structural components of cell membranes.
4. Proteins promote growth and repair of body tissues, build antibodies, and speed up chemical reactions.
5. Vitamins allow the body to grow and develop, play important roles in metabolism and immunity.
6. Mineral salts are essential for chemical activities in the body and for construction of certain tissues.
7. Dietary fiber aids digestion and reduces cholesterol levels.
8. Water is essential for bodily functions and regulates body temperature.
9. Different groups of people require different balanced diets.
10. Teeth have different types and functions for biting, cutting, gripping, tearing, crushing, and grinding food.
11. Molars are the largest teeth with a flat biting surface to grind and crush food.
12. Digestion is the breakdown of food into simpler, soluble molecules inside the organism.
13. There are two types of digestion: mechanical and chemical.
14. Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown of food, while chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down large, insoluble molecules into smaller, simpler ones.
15. Digestion takes place in the mouth, stomach, and small intestines.
16. The small intestines are efficient in absorbing digested food due to their large surface area and villi.
17. Absorbed nutrients are carried around the body in the plasma for assimilation by body cells in metabolic processes.
18. Glucose is oxidized to provide energy for chemical processes in cells.
19. Fats are built into cell membranes and provide an important source of energy for cell metabolism.
20. The large intestines absorb water and vitamin B from undigested residues, and bacteria in the colon digest part of the fiber to produce vitamin B.
21. Fats are oxidized in cells for energy.
22. Amino acids are built up into proteins and can be converted into glycogen.
23. Egestion is the elimination of undigested food and waste through the anus.
24. Malnutrition can result from an unbalanced diet.
25. Obesity, anorexia nervosa, and diabetes mellitus 2 are effects of malnutrition.
26. Deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of certain nutrients in the diet.
27. Kwarshiorkor, goitre, scurvy, anaemia, and night blindness are deficiency diseases.
28. Food tests can determine the presence of starch, reducing sugar, proteins, and fats.
29. Iodine solution turns blue-black if starch is present.
30. A purple color indicates the presence of proteins in the food sample.

Possible exam questions:

1. What is the process by which fats release energy in cells?
2. How are amino acids used in the body?
3. Define egestion and describe the process of passing waste through the anus.
4. What is malnutrition and what are some effects of it?
5. Explain the causes and effects of obesity, anorexia nervosa, and diabetes mellitus 2.
6. What are deficiency diseases and how are they caused?
7. Describe the symptoms and treatments of kwarshiorkor, goitre, scurvy, anaemia, and night blindness.
8. What are food tests and how are they used to determine the presence of certain nutrients in food?
9. How does iodine solution indicate the presence of starch in a food sample?
10. What color change indicates the presence of proteins in a food sample during a food test?

Test your knowledge of nutrition and digestion with this informative quiz! From the essential nutrients needed for a balanced diet to the different types of teeth and their functions, this quiz covers it all. You'll learn about the process of digestion, including mechanical and chemical breakdown, absorption and assimilation of nutrients, and egestion of waste. Additionally, you'll discover the effects of malnutrition, deficiency diseases, and the importance of food tests. Take this quiz to challenge yourself and see how much you know about