Nutrients & Nutrient Sensing System

<p>Help absorb nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids are building blocks of proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is not directly related to any cellular processes mentioned (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Under the description of minerals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An overview of the main types of nutrients and their roles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural components of membranes and precursors of other molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased bone density. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By maintaining membrane fluidity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are precursors of second messengers like phosphotidylinositol bisphosphate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids serve as precursors in the synthesis of prostaglandins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attached to the phosphate group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dietary cholesterol is a direct precursor for steroid hormones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dipalmitoyllecithin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural components and enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cluster together within the interior of the protein. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can form hydrogen bonds due to the presence of OH groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sequence of amino acids and the properties of their side chains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing and transmitting genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of phenylalanine in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must be obtained from the diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 in 10,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot be synthesized due to a lack of specific enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals with hereditary genetic disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfhydryl group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can donate protons (H+). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By linking the α–carboxyl group of one amino acid to the α–amino group of another. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as recognition signals for cell communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can accept protons and become positively charged. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PYY (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ENaC directly interacts with sodium ions to trigger a salty taste signal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct interaction with specific bitter molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ENaC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are involved in the perception of both sour and sweet flavors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose stimulates the release of insulin, which promotes glucose uptake and utilization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of certain bitter compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detecting and responding to fatty acids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It plays a critical role in maintaining blood glucose levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A symptom of nutrient deficiency characterized by dry, shedding skin.

A condition involving red, flaky spots on the skin often caused by deficient nutrients.

A symptom often linked to dietary deficiencies or hormonal changes.

Slow recovery from injuries indicating potential nutrient deficiencies.

Inequalities in red blood cell structure, often due to deficiencies.

Cellular damage that can arise from nutrient deficiencies affecting energy production.

Fats that form cell membranes and help in signaling and structural roles.

A type of fat essential for hormone production and cell membrane fluidity.

Polymers of amino acids that perform various functions in the body.

Structural components, enzymes, hormones, transport molecules in cells.

Amino acids with side chains that do not interact with water, clustering in protein interiors.

Amino acids with side chains that can form hydrogen bonds, interacting with water.

Building blocks of proteins, consisting of 20 different types based on side chains.

Organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition.

Inorganic nutrients essential for various bodily functions.

The process by which nutrients from food are taken into the body.

The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.

The body's ability to resist infections and diseases.

Nutrients that aid the body in recovery and repair.

The makeup of a person's body in terms of fat, muscle, and bone.

The biological system that detects and responds to nutrient availability.

A functional group consisting of phosphorus and oxygen, important in energy transfer.

A functional group -SH, important for enzyme active sites and protein stability.

Amino acids with side chains that can donate protons (H+).

Amino acids with side chains that can accept protons (H+).

Covalent bonds formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from food.

A hereditary disorder caused by deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, impacting amino acid metabolism.

An enzyme responsible for breaking down phenylalanine in the body.

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body from other compounds.

The process by which amino acids are used for energy production and synthesis of proteins.

Detection of taste through interaction with ion channels.

Taste detected by direct interaction with H+ ions.

Taste sensed via sodium ions through ion channels.

Taste receptors for sweet and umami flavors.

Taste receptors responsible for detecting bitterness.

Pancreatic peptide YY, involved in appetite regulation.

Glucagon-like peptide 1, helps regulate insulin secretion.

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, involved in insulin regulation.

Cholecystokinin, hormone that stimulates digestion of fats.

Secretion of insulin in response to glucose levels.