BIOCHEM L2C | Nutrients and Diet

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What is the main role of vitamins and other micronutrients?

Participation in enzymatic reactions as cofactors or components of enzyme prosthetic groups (correct)

Regulation of food intake

Structural role in the body

Energy production

Which nutrient can be used to produce energy?

Vitamins

Fats (correct)

Minerals

Proteins

How long can a human survive without food with oxygen and water supplied?

60-90 days (correct)

30-45 days

45-60 days

90-120 days

What is the total of all the foods and drinks ingested by an individual called?

Diet Signup and view all the answers

Which are the main classes of nutrients mentioned in the text?

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats Signup and view all the answers

What is the Glycemic index used to measure?

The effect of food on blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about adiponectin is correct?

Its receptors are upregulated in skeletal muscle after physical training Signup and view all the answers

Which route is used for providing enteral feeding when oral intake is impossible but the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is functional?

Both nasogastric and nasojejunal routes Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal route for nutritional support according to the text?

Oral intake Signup and view all the answers

What do standard enteral feeds contain?

Carbohydrate, protein, fat, water, electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals Signup and view all the answers

When is total parenteral nutrition appropriate?

When the gastrointestinal tract does not function Signup and view all the answers

According to Mary's doctor, what should Mary be consuming based on the advice given?

Low glycemic index (GI) foods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following effects is NOT associated with high glycemic index foods as mentioned in the text?

Reduce visceral fat deposition via insulin Signup and view all the answers

What happens to adiponectin concentration in obesity and type 2 diabetes?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for controlling postprandial glycemia and insulinemia and is beneficial for people with diabetes?

Low-GI foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the main nutrient responsible for providing thermal insulation, serving as signaling molecules, and being essential components of biological membranes?

Saturated fats Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is indigestible by the human gut and includes cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, and β-glucan?

Fiber Signup and view all the answers

What nutrient is tested to rank carbohydrate-containing foods according to the degree of increase in blood glucose after ingestion?

Glycemic index Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient provides cell structure and is responsible for many of the cell's functions, communications, and signaling?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is particularly rich in monounsaturated fats and is present in all animal and vegetable fats?

Olive oil Signup and view all the answers

'Low GI' foods are expressed on a scale of ___.

-0 to 100 Signup and view all the answers

What translates the qualitative information contained in the GI into data that can be used to calculate the carbohydrate content of a given portion of food?

'Glycemic load' Signup and view all the answers

'Trans fatty acids' are by-products of which process?

Hydrogenation of liquid vegetable oils Signup and view all the answers

'Adiponectin' stimulates glucose utilization in muscle and increases fatty acid oxidation in which two parts of the body?

Muscle and liver Signup and view all the answers

What nutrient serves as the 'last resort' energy substrate and is typically associated with releasing amino acids from muscle during catabolic states?