Lecture 22 (Nutrition & Metabolism)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of micronutrients in the body?

  • Producing energy for the body
  • Building blocks of tissues
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Supporting enzyme activity and immune system (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of essential nutrients?

  • Can be produced by the body
  • Must be obtained from the diet (correct)
  • Needed in smaller quantities
  • Not required for maintaining overall health

    • Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

  • Sucrose (correct)
  • Glucose
  • Starch
  • Fiber

    • What is the main difference between starch and fiber?

    <p>Starch is easily digestible, while fiber is not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of carbohydrates includes polysaccharides from plants and animals?

    <p>Fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of sugars, starch, and fiber?

    <p>They are all types of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?

    <p>Supplying energy to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acid is typically found in coconut oil?

    <p>Saturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kilocalories of energy does one gram of fat provide?

    <p>9 kilocalories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of cholesterol in the body?

    <p>Animal products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of cholesterol in the body?

    <p>Forming the plasma membrane of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is cholesterol synthesized in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholesterol in the transport of lipids in the blood?

    <p>To release into the blood as a component of very-low-density lipoproteins and deliver to cells as part of low-density lipoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the function of a protein?

    <p>The three-dimensional shape of the protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of proteins in the body?

    <p>To serve as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary intake of protein?

    <p>This information is not provided in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteins in cell signaling and communication?

    <p>To participate in cell signaling and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is protein a required dietary nutrient?

    <p>Because it is essential for the proper functioning and maintenance of the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of protein in the body?

    <p>To support the growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vitamins are NADH and FADH examples of?

    <p>Nonessential vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily allowance of protein for adults?

    <p>0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between major minerals and trace minerals?

    <p>The amount needed daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between complete and incomplete proteins?

    <p>The presence of all essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein tends to be lacking in one or more of the essential amino acids?

    <p>Plant proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of MyPlate, developed by the USDA?

    <p>To provide a visual representation of healthy eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a meal containing combinations of plant proteins?

    <p>It can provide all of the essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a major mineral?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of minerals in the body?

    <p>To regulate various bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may athletes or those looking to build muscle mass require a different daily protein intake?

    <p>Because they need more protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of nonessential vitamins?

    <p>Their absence from the diet does not lead to severe health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of micronutrients in the body?

    <p>To support enzyme activity and immune system function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the study of nutrition?

    <p>The process of obtaining and utilizing essential nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of sugars, starch, and fiber?

    <p>They are all classified as carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?

    <p>Macronutrients are required in larger quantities while micronutrients are required in smaller quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbohydrate is found in foods like potatoes, carrots, and grains?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between essential and nonessential nutrients?

    <p>Essential nutrients must be obtained from the diet, while nonessential nutrients can be produced by the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are essential nutrients?

    <p>Nutrients that must be obtained from the diet and absorbed by the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fiber in the diet?

    <p>To promote digestive health and support healthy blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of nutrients in the body?

    <p>To perform all of the above functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nonessential nutrients?

    <p>Nutrients that can be adequately provided by biochemical processes within the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins have in common?

    <p>They are all biological macromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?

    <p>To supply energy to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of saturated fats?

    <p>They are generally solid at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholesterol in the body?

    <p>It is a component of the plasma membrane of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats?

    <p>Their degree of saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of cholesterol in the body?

    <p>From both animal products and the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy provided by one gram of triglycerides?

    <p>9 kilocalories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vitamins are absorbed from the digestive tract within the lipid of micelles?

    <p>Fat-soluble vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of essential vitamins in the body?

    <p>To support normal metabolism and bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins can be produced and recycled by the body as needed?

    <p>Nonessential vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins?

    <p>They are essential vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about water-soluble vitamins?

    <p>They dissolve in water and are easily absorbed into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins?

    <p>Their solubility and absorption in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum daily requirement of major minerals in the body?

    <p>Greater than 100 milligrams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of MyPlate?

    <p>To provide a simplified approach to healthy eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between NADH and FADH?

    <p>There is no difference, they are both nonessential vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of all trace minerals?

    <p>They are required at levels less than 100 milligrams per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of minerals in the body?

    <p>To play diverse roles in various bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between essential and nonessential vitamins?

    <p>Essential vitamins lead to severe health issues if absent from the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the study of nutrition?

    <p>How living organisms obtain and utilize nutrients to grow and sustain life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do macronutrients and micronutrients have in common?

    <p>They are both essential for the body's growth and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between essential and nonessential nutrients?

    <p>Whether the nutrient must be obtained from the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between macronutrients and energy?

    <p>Macronutrients are a source of energy for the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nutrients in the body?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of micronutrients?

    <p>They are required in smaller quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the three-dimensional shape of a protein?

    <p>To determine the protein's interactions with other molecules in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions do proteins NOT perform in the body?

    <p>Producing energy for the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why proteins are essential for the proper functioning and maintenance of the human body?

    <p>Because they are involved in many bodily functions and processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of HDLs in the transport of cholesterol in the blood?

    <p>Transporting cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the general structure of a protein?

    <p>A linear chain of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of proteins in the regulation of gene expression and cell growth?

    <p>To regulate the expression of genes and the growth of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of enzymes in physiological processes?

    <p>To facilitate the breakdown of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for protein?

    <p>It provides a general guideline for protein intake based on individual factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of plant proteins that makes them incomplete?

    <p>They are low in essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of consuming meals containing combinations of plant proteins?

    <p>They can provide all of the essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may individuals with specific dietary needs or goals require a different daily protein intake?

    <p>Because they have specific physiological requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antibodies in the body?

    <p>To recognize and respond to foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the absorption of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in the body?

    <p>Water-soluble vitamins are dissolved in water and easily absorbed into the blood, while fat-soluble vitamins are dissolved in fat and absorbed within micelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is an example of a nonessential vitamin?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of essential vitamins in the body?

    <p>To regulate metabolism and maintain bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a combination plant protein meal?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between essential and nonessential vitamins?

    <p>Essential vitamins must be obtained from the diet, while nonessential vitamins can be produced and recycled by the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is an example of a fat-soluble vitamin?

    <p>Retinol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the way the body uses essential vitamins and nonessential vitamins?

    <p>Nonessential vitamins can be synthesized by the body as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct classification of chromium, cobalt, and copper in terms of their daily requirements?

    <p>Trace minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the development of MyPlate?

    <p>To provide a simplified guide for healthy eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulfur?

    <p>They are all major minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the functions of essential vitamins and nonessential vitamins in the body?

    <p>Essential vitamins are involved in energy production, while nonessential vitamins are not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why a balanced intake of minerals is necessary for optimal bodily function?

    <p>To maintain overall health and well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

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