Lecture 22 (Nutrition & Metabolism)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of micronutrients in the body?

  • Producing energy for the body
  • Building blocks of tissues
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Supporting enzyme activity and immune system (correct)

What is the characteristic of essential nutrients?

  • Can be produced by the body
  • Must be obtained from the diet (correct)
  • Needed in smaller quantities
  • Not required for maintaining overall health

Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

  • Sucrose (correct)
  • Glucose
  • Starch
  • Fiber

What is the main difference between starch and fiber?

<p>Starch is easily digestible, while fiber is not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of carbohydrates includes polysaccharides from plants and animals?

<p>Fiber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of sugars, starch, and fiber?

<p>They are all types of carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?

<p>Supplying energy to cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acid is typically found in coconut oil?

<p>Saturated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many kilocalories of energy does one gram of fat provide?

<p>9 kilocalories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of cholesterol in the body?

<p>Animal products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of cholesterol in the body?

<p>Forming the plasma membrane of cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is cholesterol synthesized in the body?

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in the transport of lipids in the blood?

<p>To release into the blood as a component of very-low-density lipoproteins and deliver to cells as part of low-density lipoproteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the function of a protein?

<p>The three-dimensional shape of the protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of proteins in the body?

<p>To serve as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dietary intake of protein?

<p>This information is not provided in the text (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteins in cell signaling and communication?

<p>To participate in cell signaling and communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is protein a required dietary nutrient?

<p>Because it is essential for the proper functioning and maintenance of the human body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of protein in the body?

<p>To support the growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues and organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vitamins are NADH and FADH examples of?

<p>Nonessential vitamins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily allowance of protein for adults?

<p>0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between major minerals and trace minerals?

<p>The amount needed daily (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between complete and incomplete proteins?

<p>The presence of all essential amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein tends to be lacking in one or more of the essential amino acids?

<p>Plant proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of MyPlate, developed by the USDA?

<p>To provide a visual representation of healthy eating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a meal containing combinations of plant proteins?

<p>It can provide all of the essential amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a major mineral?

<p>Calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of minerals in the body?

<p>To regulate various bodily functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may athletes or those looking to build muscle mass require a different daily protein intake?

<p>Because they need more protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of nonessential vitamins?

<p>Their absence from the diet does not lead to severe health issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of micronutrients in the body?

<p>To support enzyme activity and immune system function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the study of nutrition?

<p>The process of obtaining and utilizing essential nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of sugars, starch, and fiber?

<p>They are all classified as carbohydrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?

<p>Macronutrients are required in larger quantities while micronutrients are required in smaller quantities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbohydrate is found in foods like potatoes, carrots, and grains?

<p>Starch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between essential and nonessential nutrients?

<p>Essential nutrients must be obtained from the diet, while nonessential nutrients can be produced by the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are essential nutrients?

<p>Nutrients that must be obtained from the diet and absorbed by the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fiber in the diet?

<p>To promote digestive health and support healthy blood sugar levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of nutrients in the body?

<p>To perform all of the above functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nonessential nutrients?

<p>Nutrients that can be adequately provided by biochemical processes within the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

<p>Starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins have in common?

<p>They are all biological macromolecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?

<p>To supply energy to cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of saturated fats?

<p>They are generally solid at room temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in the body?

<p>It is a component of the plasma membrane of cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats?

<p>Their degree of saturation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of cholesterol in the body?

<p>From both animal products and the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy provided by one gram of triglycerides?

<p>9 kilocalories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vitamins are absorbed from the digestive tract within the lipid of micelles?

<p>Fat-soluble vitamins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of essential vitamins in the body?

<p>To support normal metabolism and bodily functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamins can be produced and recycled by the body as needed?

<p>Nonessential vitamins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins?

<p>They are essential vitamins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about water-soluble vitamins?

<p>They dissolve in water and are easily absorbed into the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins?

<p>Their solubility and absorption in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum daily requirement of major minerals in the body?

<p>Greater than 100 milligrams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of MyPlate?

<p>To provide a simplified approach to healthy eating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between NADH and FADH?

<p>There is no difference, they are both nonessential vitamins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of all trace minerals?

<p>They are required at levels less than 100 milligrams per day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of minerals in the body?

<p>To play diverse roles in various bodily functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between essential and nonessential vitamins?

<p>Essential vitamins lead to severe health issues if absent from the diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the study of nutrition?

<p>How living organisms obtain and utilize nutrients to grow and sustain life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do macronutrients and micronutrients have in common?

<p>They are both essential for the body's growth and maintenance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between essential and nonessential nutrients?

<p>Whether the nutrient must be obtained from the diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between macronutrients and energy?

<p>Macronutrients are a source of energy for the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nutrients in the body?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of micronutrients?

<p>They are required in smaller quantities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the three-dimensional shape of a protein?

<p>To determine the protein's interactions with other molecules in the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions do proteins NOT perform in the body?

<p>Producing energy for the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why proteins are essential for the proper functioning and maintenance of the human body?

<p>Because they are involved in many bodily functions and processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of HDLs in the transport of cholesterol in the blood?

<p>Transporting cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the general structure of a protein?

<p>A linear chain of amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of proteins in the regulation of gene expression and cell growth?

<p>To regulate the expression of genes and the growth of cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of enzymes in physiological processes?

<p>To facilitate the breakdown of nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for protein?

<p>It provides a general guideline for protein intake based on individual factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of plant proteins that makes them incomplete?

<p>They are low in essential amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of consuming meals containing combinations of plant proteins?

<p>They can provide all of the essential amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may individuals with specific dietary needs or goals require a different daily protein intake?

<p>Because they have specific physiological requirements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in the body?

<p>To recognize and respond to foreign substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the absorption of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in the body?

<p>Water-soluble vitamins are dissolved in water and easily absorbed into the blood, while fat-soluble vitamins are dissolved in fat and absorbed within micelles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamins is an example of a nonessential vitamin?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of essential vitamins in the body?

<p>To regulate metabolism and maintain bodily functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a combination plant protein meal?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between essential and nonessential vitamins?

<p>Essential vitamins must be obtained from the diet, while nonessential vitamins can be produced and recycled by the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamins is an example of a fat-soluble vitamin?

<p>Retinol (A) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the way the body uses essential vitamins and nonessential vitamins?

<p>Nonessential vitamins can be synthesized by the body as needed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct classification of chromium, cobalt, and copper in terms of their daily requirements?

<p>Trace minerals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the development of MyPlate?

<p>To provide a simplified guide for healthy eating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulfur?

<p>They are all major minerals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the functions of essential vitamins and nonessential vitamins in the body?

<p>Essential vitamins are involved in energy production, while nonessential vitamins are not (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why a balanced intake of minerals is necessary for optimal bodily function?

<p>To maintain overall health and well-being (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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