Human Body Composition and Nutrition
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Questions and Answers

What is the product of the oxidation of acetaldehyde in the liver?

  • Ethanol
  • Acetate (correct)
  • Acetaldehyde
  • Alcohol

Why do women metabolize alcohol slower than men?

  • Due to their higher muscle mass
  • Due to their smaller liver size and higher body fat percentage (correct)
  • Due to their higher body fat percentage
  • Due to their larger liver size

What is a consequence of acetaldehyde accumulation in the body?

  • Formation of hydrogen peroxide
  • Formation of antioxidants
  • Formation of adducts that impair molecular function (correct)
  • Formation of albumin

What is a health implication of chronic alcohol consumption on the liver?

<p>Hepatic cirrhosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which MEOS detoxifies alcohol?

<p>Oxidation by adding oxygen and removing hydrogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human body is composed of oxygen?

<p>63% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brush border in enterocytes?

<p>To release digestive enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gastrin in the stomach?

<p>To stimulate the release of HCl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile salts?

<p>To emulsify large fat globules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between dietary fiber and functional fiber?

<p>Dietary fiber is found in food, while functional fiber is added to food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gut microbiota in the colon?

<p>To produce vitamin B and vitamin K (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a high glycemic index on the body?

<p>It speeds up the digestion of carbohydrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?

<p>Omega-6 is pro-inflammatory, while omega-3 is anti-inflammatory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of trans fatty acids on the body?

<p>They increase the risk of heart disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phospholipids in the body?

<p>They are involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental principle of the First Law of Thermodynamics?

<p>Energy is transformed from one form to another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the coefficient of availability?

<p>How much energy our bodies get compared to what is in a food item (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of dietary fiber on metabolizable energy?

<p>It decreases the energy content of a food item (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of daily energy expenditure accounted for by basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

<p>60-75% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increase in energy expenditure after a meal?

<p>Diet-induced thermogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone released by fat tissues that regulates energy balance?

<p>Leptin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood sugar level?

<p>5mmol/l (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which glucose is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle?

<p>Glycogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of carbohydrate loading in exercise?

<p>To optimize performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the body's energy expenditure when leptin levels decrease?

<p>It decreases to conserve energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of co-lipase in lipid digestion?

<p>Reversing the inhibitory effect of bile salts on lipase activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of apoproteins in lipids?

<p>Distributing and exchanging lipids throughout the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin D?

<p>Facilitating calcium absorption and bone health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)?

<p>Breaking down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin C?

<p>Synthesizing collagen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile in lipid digestion?

<p>Breaking down fatty acids into micelles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin K?

<p>Regulating blood clotting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of copper in the body?

<p>Converting ferrous to ferric iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin E?

<p>Protecting against lipid peroxidation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chylomicrons in lipid transport?

<p>Carrying dietary fats into the bloodstream (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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