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Questions and Answers
What are the six classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, minerals
How are macronutrients different from micronutrients?
Macronutrients are needed in larger amounts and provide energy, while micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts and do not provide energy.
List the three classes of macronutrients.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
Why is water considered a macronutrient?
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How many essential minerals are there?
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Explain the role of micronutrients in the body.
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What is the primary structural difference between amylopectin and glycogen?
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What is the role of salivary and pancreatic α-amylases in carbohydrate digestion?
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How is salivary α-amylase affected by pH?
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What is the role of pancreatic juice in the small intestine during carbohydrate digestion?
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Where are disaccharidases located and what is their function?
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Give an example of a disaccharidase and describe its function.
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Study Notes
Classes of Nutrients
- Six classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Macronutrients vs. Micronutrients
- Macronutrients are needed in larger amounts (grams) while micronutrients are required in smaller amounts (milligrams or micrograms).
Classes of Macronutrients
- Three classes of macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Water as a Macronutrient
- Water is considered a macronutrient because it is essential for various bodily functions and is required in large quantities.
Essential Minerals
- There are 16 essential minerals necessary for various physiological functions in the body.
Role of Micronutrients
- Micronutrients are crucial for metabolic processes, immune function, and overall health despite being required in smaller amounts than macronutrients.
Structural Differences: Amylopectin and Glycogen
- Amylopectin has a branched structure with fewer branches, while glycogen is highly branched, allowing for more rapid glucose release.
Role of Salivary and Pancreatic α-Amylases
- Salivary α-amylase initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth; pancreatic α-amylase continues this process in the small intestine.
pH Effect on Salivary α-Amylase
- Salivary α-amylase is most active at a neutral pH and becomes inactive in the acidic environment of the stomach.
Pancreatic Juice in Carbohydrate Digestion
- Pancreatic juice contains enzymes like pancreatic α-amylase which further break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars in the small intestine.
Location and Function of Disaccharidases
- Disaccharidases are located on the brush border of the small intestine and their function is to hydrolyze disaccharides into monosaccharides.
Example of a Disaccharidase
- Maltase is a disaccharidase that breaks down maltose into two glucose molecules, facilitating further digestion and absorption in the intestine.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the six classes of nutrients including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals. Learn about the distinctions between macronutrients and micronutrients, organic and inorganic nutrients, and nutrients that provide energy to the body.
