Nutrient Absorption Disorders Quiz

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What is the role of vitamin D in bone health?

Increases calcium absorption and reabsorption (correct)

Inhibits the clotting cascade

Activates osteoblasts

Promotes bone resorption by osteoclasts

Which vitamin is acquired only from the diet?

Vitamin K

Vitamin E (correct)

Vitamin D

Vitamin C

What does vitamin E protect in cell membranes?

Carbohydrates

Proteins

DNA

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (correct)

Which clotting factors does vitamin K activate in the liver?

Protein C and S Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation?

Activates prothrombin and clotting factors Signup and view all the answers

Why has vitamin E supplementation not resulted in a reduction in cardiovascular events?

It does not affect LDL oxidation Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for bone strength?

20 ng/mL Signup and view all the answers

Why are levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D over 100 ng/ml considered toxic?

They lead to hypercalcemia and renal damage Signup and view all the answers

When might testing levels of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D be indicated?

In patients with kidney failure or suspected hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin E for individuals older than 70 years?

800 IU per day Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of recommended vitamin E levels in adults?

5 to 17 microgram/mL Signup and view all the answers

Why is dietary vitamin K testing not generally indicated in the US population?

Vitamin K deficiency and toxicity are rare in the US population Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of vitamin deficiency in short-bowel syndrome?

Malabsorption of vitamins due to surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used for vitamin testing?

Genetic sequencing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common cause of short-bowel syndrome?

Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which blood test is essential for diagnosing vitamin B12 and folate deficiency?

Complete blood cell count with MCV, hematocrit, and hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Which category of vitamins dissolve in water upon entering the body?

Water-soluble vitamins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a reason for surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine?

Viral infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia?

It induces differentiation of acute promyelocytic anemia cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency is a global concern with dire health consequences?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamin A in the treatment of measles?

It is an effective treatment for measles, decreasing mortality in children and hospitalized patients. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by impaired mineralization of cartilage at growth plates in children?

Rickets Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common prescription for the treatment of severe acne vulgaris in outpatient settings?

Isotretinoin Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by diffuse bone and joint pain, myopathy, hypocalcemic tetany, and a waddling gait in adults?

Osteomalacia Signup and view all the answers

Where is Vitamin K1 primarily found?

Green leafy vegetables Signup and view all the answers

How are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed into the body?

Through micelles in the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chylomicrons in the body?

Releasing vitamins into tissues for use and storage Signup and view all the answers

How are remnants of chylomicrons recycled in the body?

Taken back up by the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of mutations in the tocopherol transfer protein (TTP)?

Decreased vitamin E levels Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are affected by Vitamin A deficiency due to its role in cell differentiation?

Eyes, salivary glands, and genitourinary tract Signup and view all the answers