Nutrient Absorption Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of vitamin D in bone health?

  • Increases calcium absorption and reabsorption (correct)
  • Inhibits the clotting cascade
  • Activates osteoblasts
  • Promotes bone resorption by osteoclasts

Which vitamin is acquired only from the diet?

  • Vitamin K
  • Vitamin E (correct)
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin C

What does vitamin E protect in cell membranes?

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • DNA
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids (correct)

Which clotting factors does vitamin K activate in the liver?

<p>Protein C and S (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation?

<p>Activates prothrombin and clotting factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why has vitamin E supplementation not resulted in a reduction in cardiovascular events?

<p>It does not affect LDL oxidation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for bone strength?

<p>20 ng/mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D over 100 ng/ml considered toxic?

<p>They lead to hypercalcemia and renal damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might testing levels of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D be indicated?

<p>In patients with kidney failure or suspected hypercalcemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin E for individuals older than 70 years?

<p>800 IU per day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of recommended vitamin E levels in adults?

<p>5 to 17 microgram/mL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is dietary vitamin K testing not generally indicated in the US population?

<p>Vitamin K deficiency and toxicity are rare in the US population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of vitamin deficiency in short-bowel syndrome?

<p>Malabsorption of vitamins due to surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used for vitamin testing?

<p>Genetic sequencing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common cause of short-bowel syndrome?

<p>Diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood test is essential for diagnosing vitamin B12 and folate deficiency?

<p>Complete blood cell count with MCV, hematocrit, and hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of vitamins dissolve in water upon entering the body?

<p>Water-soluble vitamins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a reason for surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine?

<p>Viral infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia?

<p>It induces differentiation of acute promyelocytic anemia cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency is a global concern with dire health consequences?

<p>Vitamin D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamin A in the treatment of measles?

<p>It is an effective treatment for measles, decreasing mortality in children and hospitalized patients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by impaired mineralization of cartilage at growth plates in children?

<p>Rickets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common prescription for the treatment of severe acne vulgaris in outpatient settings?

<p>Isotretinoin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by diffuse bone and joint pain, myopathy, hypocalcemic tetany, and a waddling gait in adults?

<p>Osteomalacia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Vitamin K1 primarily found?

<p>Green leafy vegetables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed into the body?

<p>Through micelles in the small intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chylomicrons in the body?

<p>Releasing vitamins into tissues for use and storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are remnants of chylomicrons recycled in the body?

<p>Taken back up by the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of mutations in the tocopherol transfer protein (TTP)?

<p>Decreased vitamin E levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are affected by Vitamin A deficiency due to its role in cell differentiation?

<p>Eyes, salivary glands, and genitourinary tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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