Chapter_004.pptx

Fundamentals of Nursing, 11th Edition Patricia A. Potter, RN, MSN, PhD, FAAN Anne Griffin Perry, RN, MSN, EdD, FAAN Patricia A. Stockert, RN, BSN, MS, PhD Amy Hall, RN, BSN, MS, PhD, CNE  Chapter 4 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice  Nursing Foundation...

Fundamentals of Nursing, 11th Edition Patricia A. Potter, RN, MSN, PhD, FAAN Anne Griffin Perry, RN, MSN, EdD, FAAN Patricia A. Stockert, RN, BSN, MS, PhD Amy Hall, RN, BSN, MS, PhD, CNE  Chapter 4 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice  Nursing Foundation  Theory serves as the foundation for nursing care.  Theory, research, and practice are bound together in a continuous interactive relationship. 3  Theory (1 of 7)  Helps explain an event by  Defining ideas or concepts  Explaining relationships among the concepts  Predicting outcomes  Metatheory  Looks at the relationships of various components that make up the knowledge of a discipline  Nursing theory  Conceptualizes some aspect of nursing to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe nursing care 4  Theory (2 of 7)  Components of a theory  Phenomenon  Concepts  Definitions Theoretical/conceptual Operational  Assumptions 5  Theory (3 of 7)  Domain of nursing  Domain  Paradigm  Conceptual framework  Nursing metaparadigm Person Health Environment/Situation 6  Theory (4 of 7)  Evolution of nursing theory  First nursing theorist: Florence Nightingale  Curriculum era: 1900s-1940s  Research era: 1950s-1970s  Graduate education era: 1950s-1970s  Theory era: 1980s-1990s  Theory utilization era: 2000s-today  Theories are dynamic and responsive to the changing environment in which we live. 7  Theory (5 of 7)  Types of theory  Grand: Abstract, broad in scope, complex  Middle-range: Limited in scope and less abstract  Practice: Narrow in scope and focus  Descriptive: Describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which phenomena occur  Prescriptive: Address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict the consequences 8 Theory (6 of 7) 9  Theory (7 of 7)  Theory-based nursing practice  Nursing knowledge Is derived from basic and nursing sciences, experience, aesthetics, nurses’ attitudes, and standards of practice Goal of nursing knowledge: To explain the practice of nursing as different and distinct from the practice of medicine, psychology, and other health care disciplines  Theory generates nursing knowledge for use in practice, thus supporting EBP 10  Shared Theories (1 of 2)  Explain a phenomenon specific to the discipline that developed the theory  Several nursing theories are based on systems theory. The nursing process is a system.  Nursing process components  Input  Output  Feedback  Content 11 Shared Theories (2 of 2) 12  Select Nursing Theories (1 of 3)  Nightingale’s Environmental Theory  Environment as the focus of nursing care  Grand theory  Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory  Focus on interpersonal relations between nurse, patient, and patient’s family  Phases: preorientation, orientation, working, resolution  Middle-range theory 13  Select Nursing Theories (2 of 3)  Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory  Focuses on patient’s self-care needs  Continually assess how much self-care a patient is able to perform.  Grand theory  Leininger’s Culture Care Theory  Theory of cultural care diversity and universality  Integrates patients’ cultural traditions, values, and beliefs into care plans  Middle-range theory 14  Select Nursing Theories (3 of 3)  National Council of State Boards of Nursing Clinical Judgment Model  Developed to help guide nursing educators in evaluation nursing students’ abilities to make clinical judgments  Model with multiple layers that help explain the cognitive process nurses use to make clinical judgments  Students can use this model to learn how to think like a nurse and make safe clinical decisions 15  Links Among Theory and Knowledge Development and Research in Nursing (1 of 3)  Nursing knowledge is theoretical and experiential.  Theoretical knowledge: goals are to stimulate thinking and create a broad understanding of nursing science and practice.  Experiential knowledge: based on nurses’ experiences in providing care to patients. 16  Links Among Theory and Knowledge Development and Research in Nursing (2 of 3)  Nurses consider findings from theory-based research to determine whether the theory can be used in practice.  Sometimes research is used to develop new theories. 17  Links Among Theory and Knowledge Development and Research in Nursing (3 of 3)  Theory-generating research  Uses logic to explore relationships among phenomena.  Theory-testing research  Determines how accurately a theory describes a nursing phenomenon.  Both theory-generating and theory-testing research refine the knowledge base of nursing.  Nurses incorporate research-based interventions into theory-based practice. 18