Questions and Answers
What key concept did Florence Nightingale focus on in her nursing theory?
What was the primary focus of the Yale School in the 1960s?
Which era is characterized by a systematic focus on the relationship between theory and practice in nursing?
What was the main recognition achieved by The Columbia School in the 1950s?
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Which group of theorists were highlighted in the 1970s for their contributions to nursing theory?
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How did the nursing theories evolve in the 1980s?
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What is a major theme found in nursing theory development as stated by Cross in 1981?
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What significant event characterized the contemporary nursing period of the 21st century?
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What was a major belief regarding the cause of sickness during primitive times?
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Which of the following attributes is NOT associated with nurses during the historical periods of nursing?
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Who reestablished the order of Deaconesses in the 18th century?
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What was a significant contribution of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War?
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Which organization was founded by St. Vincent de Paul and contributed to nursing education?
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What guiding principle emphasizes the obligation to perform good deeds towards others?
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During which period did men begin to actively participate in nursing, particularly during the Crusades?
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What is one tenet of the Nightingale philosophy towards nursing education?
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Study Notes
Nursing Theory Overview
- Nursing combines practical skills with theoretical knowledge, evolving through historical periods and influenced by societal status and expectations.
Primitive Nursing
- Practiced mainly by women due to low societal status, caring for family members.
- Disease attributed to personalistic causes, including witchcraft, supernatural beings, and deities.
- Functions included wet nursing and midwifery, with care provided to the children of masters.
- Health decision-making was in the hands of masters and healers.
Attributes and Guiding Principles of Nurses
- Important attributes include self-denial, hard work, and a spiritual calling.
- Guided by principles such as "Love thy neighbor as thyself," beneficence, and the Parable of the Good Samaritan.
- Beneficence is classified into ordinary (basic good) and ideal (involves sacrifice).
Apprentice Nursing Period (6th Century – 18th Century)
- Established with the founding of religious orders, providing a formal structure for nursing.
- The Daughters of Charity and Augustinian Sisters were key contributors in the 6th century.
- The 16th century saw male involvement with the Knights of St.Lazarus and Knights of St.John, who established hospital standards.
Educational Nursing Period (18th Century – 20th Century)
- 1836: Theodore Fleidner founded a nursing school in Germany, where Florence Nightingale was a notable student.
- 1854-1856: Florence Nightingale gained fame during the Crimean War, advocating for improved nursing practices.
- Nightingale established a nursing school at St. Thomas Hospital and is referred to as the "mother of modern nursing."
- Advocated for government funding in nursing education and practical training alongside medical professionals.
Contemporary Nursing Period (21st Century)
- Emergence of globalization and transcultural nursing in the late 20th century.
- Recognized for globalization post-World War II, enhancing borderless nursing practices.
Significant Historical Events
- Florence Nightingale (1859-1992) authored "Notes on Nursing," focusing on environmental influences on patient care.
- The Columbia School emerged in the 1950s to prepare nurses for leadership roles and introduced theoretical concepts in nursing.
- The Yale School in the 1960s shifted nursing focus toward the nurse-patient relationship rather than purely functional roles.
- The 1970s saw the introduction of significant nursing theorists like M. Rogers, I. King, and D. Orem.
- The 1980s involved revisions of established nursing theories based on new research findings, adding theorists like Dorothy Johnson and Madeleine Leininger.
- The 1990s marked a surge in research studies that tested and expanded nursing theories, reinforcing the discipline’s academic foundation.
Nursing Theory Development
- Nursing is characterized by its own unique body of knowledge and evolving theories that describe, predict, and control nursing phenomena.
- Emphasis on a systematic accumulation of knowledge aligns with progress and practice in nursing, highlighting the importance of theory in guiding clinical practice.
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Description
Test your understanding of the history of nursing and its foundational theories. Explore periods like intuitive, primitive, and instinctive nursing, as well as the role of women in early practices. This quiz covers significant concepts and beliefs that shaped nursing through primitive times.
