Nursing Theory

Study Notes

The profession and practice of providing holistic care to individuals, families, groups, and communities.
Encompasses assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation of care to promote health and well-being.

Concepts: abstract ideas or mental representations.
Definitions: explain the meaning of concepts.
Assumptions or Propositions: statements that are assumed to be true or proposed to be true.

Grand Theories: systematic and broad in scope, complex, and require further specification through research.
Middle Range Theories: limited in scope, more abstract, and address specific phenomena.
Descriptive Theories: not direct specific nursing activities but help to explain nursing assessment.
Prescriptive Theories: address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, describe the conditions under which the prescription occurs, and predict the consequences.

Person/Patient: the individual receiving care.
Health: being well and using every power that person has to the fullest extent.
Environment: external factors surrounding the person that affect their health.
Nursing: perform tasks for the patient and control the patient's environment to enhance recovery.

Systems Theory by Betty Neuman (2011): a grand theory that explains how systems interact and affect health.
Health Belief Model: a middle-range theory that explains how individuals make health-related decisions.

Critical thinking is the ability to systematically analyze information, identify patterns and relationships, and make informed decisions.
Importance of critical thinking: enhances patient care, improves decision-making, and promotes professional growth.
Components of critical thinking: critical thinking model, soft skills, hard skills, and critical thinking competencies.
Soft skills: skills acquired by a person to optimize their performance, such as communication, teamwork, and time management.
Hard skills: discrete, measurable skills that a student/nurse possesses, such as technical skills and knowledge.

Autonomy: respect for patient autonomy and self-determination.
Beneficence: doing good and promoting the welfare of patients.
Non-maleficence: duty to do no harm and avoid causing unnecessary suffering.
Justice: fairness and the distribution of resources.
Fidelity: faithfulness to agreements and responsibility.
Veracity: telling the truth and honesty.
Confidentiality: maintaining patient confidentiality and respecting patient privacy.

Health is considered one of the greatest blessings given to human beings by God.
Islam emphasizes the importance of well-being and appreciating health.
The Solah (prayer) has physical and mental health benefits.
Recitation of the Quran has healing effects on the body, mind, and heart.
Diet and nutrition are important aspects of health in Islam.

Nurses Act and Nurses Registration Ordinance (1950): controlled the practice of nursing.
Revision of the Nurses Registration Regulation (1985): introduced the Annual Practicing Certificate.
Midwives Act (1966): regulated the practice of midwifery.
Midwives (Registration) Regulation (1971): required midwives to apply for registration.
Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA) were registered up to 1972.