Middle-Range Nursing Theories Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of nursing according to Orem's Self-Care Model?

To help clients conduct self-care activities to reach optimum level of functioning (correct)

To monitor patients' health status

To provide medical treatment to patients

To provide emotional support to patients

What is the definition of 'self-care' in Orem's Self-Care Model?

Practice of activities that healthcare professionals initiate and perform on behalf of patients

Practice of activities that individuals perform for others

Practice of activities that individuals perform for themselves only

Practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being (correct)

What is the role of environment in Orem's Self-Care Model?

A factor that is irrelevant to a person's health status

A positive factor that enhances a person's health status

A neutral factor that has no impact on a person's health status

A negative factor that detracts from a person's ability to provide self-care (correct)

What is the definition of 'health' in Orem's Self-Care Model?

The person's ability to live fully within a particular physical, biologic, and social environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cleanliness in Islam?

It is a way to achieve spiritual purity and closeness to Allah Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of nursing methods in Orem's Self-Care Model?

To help clients conduct self-care activities to reach optimum level of functioning Signup and view all the answers

What type of nursing method is used in ICU settings?

Wholly compensatory Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the client in Orem's Self-Care Model?

A biologic, psychological, and social being with the capacity for self-care Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of grand theories?

They are systematic and broad in scope, complex. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nursing theorists is associated with the theory of self-care?

Dorothea Orem Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of descriptive theories?

Explaining nursing assessment. Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with publishing the first nursing theories in the late 1800s?

Florence Nightingale Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of prescriptive theories?

Addressing nursing interventions for a phenomenon. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nursing theorists is associated with the theory of adaptation?

Sister Callista Roy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of middle-range theories?

Addressing specific nursing phenomena. Signup and view all the answers

What was Florence Nightingale's primary focus beyond administering treatments and medications?

Providing fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and adequate nutrition. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three classifications of stimuli according to Roy's Adaptation Theory?

Focal, contextual, and residual Signup and view all the answers

What is the main emphasis of the Interpersonal Relations in Nursing theory?

Importance of the nurse's ability to understand their own behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is the first phase of the nurse-patient relationship?

Orientation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nurse as a 'Stranger'?

To introduce themselves to the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the 'Resolution' phase of the nurse-patient relationship?

To promote emotional balance for the nurse and patient Signup and view all the answers

What is a secondary role of the nurse as a 'Researcher'?

To conduct studies on patient outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nurse as a 'Counselor'?

To help patients make informed decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the 'Identification' phase of the nurse-patient relationship?

Identifying who is best to support the patient's needs Signup and view all the answers

Who is the theorist behind the Culture Care Theory and Sunrise Model?

Leininger Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the book by Chitty and Black?

Professional Nursing: Concepts and Challenges Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a theoretical foundation in nursing?

To govern the practice in nursing and support education and research Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the journal article by Biamonti?

Les 14 besoins fondamentaux...selon Virginia Henderson Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the book by Potter and others?

Fundamentals of Nursing Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the article 'Effective decision-making: applying the theories to nursing practice'?

Watkins Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the book by Burkhard and Nathaniel?

Ethics & Issues in Contemporary Nursing Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the book by Grace?

Nursing Ethics and Professional Responsibility in Advance Practice Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of nursing?

Human relationships and caring Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the nursing process?

Assessment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Watson's theory of human caring?

To assist with the gratification of human needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of adaptation according to Roy's theory?

A process and outcome of conscious awareness and choice Signup and view all the answers

What are the four interrelated modes of behavior according to Roy's theory?

Physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence Signup and view all the answers

What is the environment in the context of nursing?

The immediate and extended family, community, and culture Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the skill-set for building rapport with clients in nursing practice?

To cultivate a caring attitude Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nursing Theories

Grand theories are systematic, broad in scope, complex, and require further specification through research.
Examples of grand theories include Neuman's system model.
Middle-range theories are limited in scope, more abstract, and address specific phenomena, reflecting practice in administration, clinical, or teaching.
Examples of middle-range theories include Mishel's uncertainty theory.
Descriptive theories are the first level of theory development and do not direct specific nursing activities but help explain nursing assessment.
Prescriptive theories address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, describe the conditions under which the prescription occurs, and predict the consequences.
Examples of prescriptive theories include Watkins' effective decision-making theory.

Selected Nursing Theories

Nightingale's Theory focuses on the environment.
Virginia Henderson's Theory focuses on the activity of daily living.
Orem's Theory focuses on self-care.
Leininger's Theory focuses on transcultural nursing.
Watson's Theory focuses on caring.
Roy's Theory focuses on adaptation.

A Brief History of Nursing Theories

The first nursing theories appeared in the late 1800s with a strong emphasis on nursing education.
Florence Nightingale was one of the first nursing theorists, publishing her thoughts on nursing during the Crimean War in 1859.
Nurses' roles focus on providing fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and adequate nutrition, in addition to administering treatments and medication.

Orem's Self-Care Model

The client is a biologic, psychological, and social being with the capacity for self-care.
Self-care refers to the practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being.
Health is the person's ability to live fully within a particular physical, biologic, and social environment, achieving a higher level of facing 'healthy'.

Environment and Nursing

The environment is the medium through which clients move as they conduct their daily activities.
The environment is generally viewed as a negative factor on a person's health status because they may detract from the ability to provide self-care.
Nursing aims to help clients conduct self-care activities to reach an optimum level of functioning.

Islamic Perspectives

In Islam, cleanliness is an important aspect of one's life.
The concept of ablution is significant in Islam.

Nursing Process

Nursing is a science of human relationships and caring.
The nursing process parallels scientific research and involves assessment, creation of a care plan, data collection, intervention, and evaluation.

Watson's Hierarchy of Needs

Watson's hierarchy of needs aims to assist with the gratification of human needs.
Lower-order biophysical needs include food and fluid, elimination, and ventilation.
Lower-order psychophysical needs include activity-inactivity and sexuality.
Higher-order psychosocial needs include achievement, affiliation, intrapersonal-interpersonal need, and self-actualization.

Roy's Adaptation Theory

Roy's adaptation theory states that the environment and the individual are sources of stimuli that require modification to promote adaptation in the patient.
Adaptation is defined as a process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling persons, as individuals or groups, use conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration.
Adaptation is manifested by four interrelated modes of behavior, including physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence modes.

Interpersonal Relations in Nursing

Interpersonal relations in nursing stress the importance of nurses' ability to understand their own behaviors to help others identify perceived difficulties.
The theory emphasizes the focus on interpersonal processes and therapeutic relationships between the nurse and client.
The four phases of the nurse-patient relationship are orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution.
The six primary roles of the nurse are stranger, teacher, resource person, counselor, surrogate, and leader.
The six secondary roles of the nurse are technical expert, mediator, safety agent, researcher, tutor, and leader.

Other Relevant Theories

Health Belief Model
Protection Motivation Theory
Self-efficacy Theory
Theory of Reasoned Action
Theory of Planned Behavior
Theories of Grief and Mourning

Conclusion

Theoretical foundation is vital to govern the practice in Nursing.
Each theory is unique and only explains certain elements of interest.

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Description

Understand the different levels of nursing theories, including grand, middle-range, and descriptive theories, with examples from renowned nurse theorists.

Nursing Theories: Grand, Middle-Range, and Descriptive

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