Questions and Answers
Glands produce and secrete chemicals called __________________.
hormones
The _____________________ secrete testosterone.
testes
The endocrine system is made up of _________________ in different areas of the body.
glands
The endocrine system influences growth and ____________________, maintains blood sugar levels, and regulates the ability to __________________.
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The ____________________ gland is also referred to as the master gland.
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During stressful situations, ___________________ and the less potent noradrenaline increase the efficiency of muscle contractions, increase ___________________ rate and blood pressure, and also increase blood glucose levels to provide extra energy.
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The pancreas produces _________________ which regulates the amount of glucose available to the cells for metabolism.
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Menopause is a normal change of aging in women.
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As men age, testosterone production stops.
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Insulin production increases with age.
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As a person gets older, the body is less able to handle stress.
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What is diabetes?
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What is diabetic peripheral neuropathy?
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What is diabetic retinopathy?
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What is goiter?
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What is hyperglycemia?
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What is hypoglycemia?
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What is hypothyroidism?
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What is pre-diabetes?
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What is type 1 diabetes?
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What is type 2 diabetes?
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What is hyperthyroidism?
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If the nursing assistant notices any foot problems, such as a cut or sore on a resident's foot, she should wait at least one day before reporting it to see if it gets worse.
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Meals must be served at the same time every day for a resident who has diabetes.
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If a resident with diabetes is not following her diet, the nursing assistant should report it to the nurse.
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Blood glucose test strips should always be checked to make sure they have not expired.
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As long as a sore on a diabetic resident is small (dime-sized), it does not need to be reported.
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Nursing assistants should regularly trim a diabetic resident's toenails to help prevent problems.
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Exercise is not recommended for people who have diabetes.
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Residents who have diabetes should go barefoot to improve circulation in their feet.
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Diabetes weakens the ________________ system, which reduces resistance to __________________.
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Poor _____________________ due to narrowing of the blood vessels increases the risk of infection.
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When foot infections are not caught early, they can take months to heal. If wounds do not heal, ____________________ of a toe, foot, or leg may be necessary.
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Foot care should be a part of residents' __________________.
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_________________ soaps and _________________ water should be avoided when bathing the feet.
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The nursing assistant should not use any ________________ to try and remove dirt from a toenail.
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Using a doctor recommended cream or lotion on the feet is fine, but nothing should be applied __________________ the toes.
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It is important for residents with diabetes not to walk around _________________ .
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The nursing assistant should notify the nurse if a resident has excessively dry skin on the feet, breaks or tears in the skin, or a change in color of the skin or nails, especially ____________________ or ______________________.
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Study Notes
Endocrine System Overview
- Glands produce and secrete hormones.
- The testes are responsible for testosterone secretion.
- The endocrine system consists of various glands located throughout the body.
Functions of the Endocrine System
- Influences growth and development.
- Maintains blood sugar levels.
- Regulates reproduction abilities.
Pituitary Gland
- Known as the master gland due to its regulatory functions over other glands.
Stress Response
- Adrenaline and noradrenaline enhance muscle contractions and increase heart rate and blood pressure during stress.
- Blood glucose levels rise to provide extra energy.
Pancreatic Functions
- The pancreas produces insulin, which manages glucose levels accessible to cells for metabolism.
Aging and Hormonal Changes
- Menopause is a normal aging change in women.
- Testosterone production does not cease in older men; it continues gradually.
- Insulin production decreases with age.
- Older individuals are less equipped to handle stress.
Diabetes Overview
- Characterized by insufficient insulin production from the pancreas.
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy results in numbness, pain, or tingling in the legs and feet.
- Diabetic retinopathy damages eye blood vessels, potentially leading to blindness.
Thyroid Conditions
- Goiter refers to an enlarged thyroid.
- Hyperglycemia indicates high blood glucose levels, while hypoglycemia signifies low blood glucose.
- Hypothyroidism results from a deficiency in thyroid hormone, causing slowed bodily processes.
- Hyperthyroidism involves excessive thyroid hormone production, which speeds up body functions.
Diabetes Types
- Pre-diabetes shows elevated glucose levels, but not high enough for a diabetes diagnosis.
- Type 1 diabetes typically diagnosed in children and young adults.
- Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent and features milder symptoms.
Patient Care and Diabetes Management
- Early detection of foot problems is essential; do not delay reporting.
- Meals for diabetic residents should be served consistently at the same times daily.
- Noncompliance with diet must be reported to nursing staff.
- Blood glucose test strips should be checked for expiration before use.
- Report all foot issues, regardless of size, to ensure proper care.
- Nursing assistants should not trim toenails of diabetic residents regularly due to risk of injury.
- Exercise is beneficial and recommended for diabetic individuals.
- Diabetic residents should avoid going barefoot to prevent injuries.
Infections and Foot Care
- Diabetes weakens the immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections.
- Poor circulation heightens infection risk due to narrowed blood vessels.
- Untreated foot infections can lead to prolonged healing times and could necessitate amputation.
- Daily foot care is crucial for diabetic residents.
- Avoid harsh soaps and hot water when bathing feet.
- No objects should be used to clean toenails.
- Doctor-prescribed creams are safe, but avoid applying anything between the toes.
- Residents should not walk barefoot.
- Notify nursing staff regarding excessively dry skin, breaks, or color changes in the feet and nails, particularly reddening or blackening.
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Test your knowledge on the endocrine system with these flashcards. Covering essential terms and their definitions, this quiz is perfect for nursing students looking to solidify their understanding of chapter 23. Challenge yourself and prepare for your nursing examinations!
