Endocrine System: Pituitary Gland Functions
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Questions and Answers

What condition is caused by the deficiency in corticosteroid secretion?

  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Cushing's Syndrome
  • Addison’s disease (correct)

    • Which of the following is an indication for glucocorticoid therapy according to the text?

  • Cold
  • Trauma (correct)
  • Allergy
  • Fever

    • Which hormone is the main glucocorticoid in the endocrine system?

  • Testosterone
  • Cortisol (correct)
  • Aldosterone
  • Insulin

    • In the endocrine system, what are cortisone drugs primarily used to treat?

    <p>Inflammatory conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mineralocorticoid in the endocrine system?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of glucocorticoids on carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism?

    <p>Affecting the metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>To secrete hormones that stimulate the release of other hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a deficiency in growth hormone?

    <p>Dwarfism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

    <p>To promote ovulation in females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

    <p>To stimulate the production of thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oxytocin?

    <p>To stimulate milk production in lactating women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Anterior to the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Thyroid gland disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of Levothyroxine sodium (Levothroid, Synthroid)?

    <p>Increase T3 and T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the side effect of Levothyroxine sodium (Levothroid, Synthroid)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of Liothyronine (Cytomel)?

    <p>For initial treatment of Myxedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Adrenal Cortex

    • Produces two major types of hormones: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
    • Main glucocorticoid: cortisol
    • Main mineralocorticoid: aldosterone
    • Corticosteroids promote Na retention and K excretion

    Glucocorticoids

    • Influenced by ACTH, released from the anterior pituitary gland
    • Affect carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
    • Can cause Na absorption from the kidney, leading to H2O retention, K loss, and increased blood pressure
    • Cortisol: main glucocorticoid, has anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antistress effects
    • Indications for therapy: trauma, surgery, infections, emotional upsets, and anxiety
    • Glucocorticoid drugs: cortisone, can be given orally, parenteral, topical, or aerosol
    • Uses: inflammatory conditions, shock, head trauma, asthma, contact dermatitis, anaphylaxis, debilitating conditions, and organ transplant recipients

    Thyroid Gland

    • Located anterior to the trachea, has 2 lobes, secretes 2 hormones: Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
    • Thyroid hormones have 3 actions:
      • Stimulation of energy use, increasing basal metabolism rate
      • Stimulation of the heart, leading to increased rate and force of contraction, and increased cardiac output
      • Promotion of growth and development (brain and skeletal muscle)
    • Can be either a thyroid deficiency (hypothyroidism) or an overabundance (hyperthyroidism)

    Hypothyroidism

    • Decreased thyroid hormone secretion
    • Primary cause: thyroid gland disorder or secondary cause: lack of TSH secretion
    • Symptoms: lethargic, weak, edema, slow pulse, constipation, weight gain, emotional changes
    • Drugs: levothyroxine sodium (Levothroid, Synthroid) and liothyronine (Cytomel) are used to treat hypothyroidism

    Hyperthyroidism

    • Increased thyroid hormone secretion
    • Symptoms: not specified

    Pituitary Gland

    • Located at the base of the brain, has 2 lobes: anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis)
    • Anterior Pituitary Gland secretes 6 hormones:
      • Growth hormone (GH)
      • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
      • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
      • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
      • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
      • Prolactin
    • Posterior Pituitary Gland secretes 2 hormones:
      • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)
      • Oxytocin

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    Description

    Explore the functions of the pituitary gland within the endocrine system, including the roles of the anterior and posterior lobes. Learn about the hormones secreted by each lobe and their effects on the body.

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