Perception and Coordination Nursing Quiz: Musculoskeletal Trauma

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of contusion?

Twisting motion or hyperextension of a joint

Dislocation of a joint

Muscle strain

Blunt force, such as a blow or kick (correct)

What are the two types of bruises that can occur as a result of contusion?

Hematoma and Ecchymosis (correct)

Hematoma and Sprain

Sprain and Strain

Ecchymosis and Fracture

What is the treatment for contusion?

Surgery and physical therapy

Ice cold packs and hot compresses

Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE)

Protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation (PRICE) (correct)

What is the typical recovery time for a contusion?

1-2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is affected in a sprain?

Ligaments and support muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using analgesics and muscle relaxants in the management of dislocation?

To reduce pain and facilitate reduction of dislocation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a partial dislocation?

Subluxation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of frequent neurovascular status checks?

To monitor for signs of compartment syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of immobilizing the joint at the scene and during transport?

To prevent further injury or exacerbation of the dislocation Signup and view all the answers

What is the last line of defense for pain management in dislocation?

Morphine Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of educating the patient and family on exercises, activities, and danger signs?

To prevent further injury and promote rehabilitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tendons?

To connect muscle to bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of a strain?

Overuse and lack of warm-ups Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an X-ray in diagnosing a strain?

To rule out bone injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the severity level of a strain with a complete separation of muscle and tendon?

Grade 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of RICE management for strains and sprains?

To reduce bleeding and edema Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of NSAIDs in managing strains and sprains?

To reduce inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 6Ps in neurovascular assessment?

To evaluate circulation and nerve function Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of elevation in managing strains and sprains?

To control swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of immobilization in managing strains and sprains?

To promote healing Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to report decreases in sensation or motion in strain and sprain management?

To prevent compartment syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the common site of injury in Rotator Cuff Tear?

Scapula and tendons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Dislocation?

Both acute injury and chronic stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Rotator Cuff Tear?

Aching pain that worsens with use Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic test used to confirm Rotator Cuff Tear?

X-ray and MRI Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for tendon inflammation?

Tendonitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a complete dislocation leading to tissue death?

Avascular Necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of ORIF in treating fractures?

To promote proper healing and reduce the risk of malunion Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of pelvic or femoral fractures?

Hypovolemic shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment goal for hypovolemic shock?

Stabilize the fracture and restore blood volume and circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of Fat Embolism Syndrome?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why is immediate immobilization of fractures crucial in treating Fat Embolism Syndrome?

To prevent further hemorrhage and reduce the risk of fat emboli entering circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a confirmatory diagnostic test for Fat Embolism Syndrome?

X-ray Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Musculoskeletal Trauma

Contusion: a soft injury caused by blunt trauma, resulting in damage to the surface of the skin and deeper tissues, with symptoms of pain, swelling, and discoloration (black and blue).

Types of Bruises

Hematoma: a solid, regular swelling caused by the accumulation of blood due to ruptured blood vessels that won't drain.
Ecchymosis: a solid blood clot (1-4 cm) causing pain, swelling, and dislocations.

Treatment for Contusion (Bruises)

Apply ice cold packs to stop swelling, followed by hot compresses for vasoconstriction.
Use the PRICE method: Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation.
Typically takes 1-2 weeks to recover.

Sprain

An injury to ligaments and supporting muscle fibers caused by twisting, wrenching, or biking.
Symptoms include joint instability, pain 2-3 hours after injury, bleeding, and swelling.
Assessment includes changes in contour, length, size, and mobility of the affected joint.

Types of Dislocation

Subluxation: a partial dislocation with less deformity than a complete dislocation.
Complete dislocation: a separation of two bones where they meet in a joint, affecting bones and joints.

Medi-Nsg Management for Dislocation

Use analgesics, muscle relaxants, and morphine as a last line of defense for pain.
Apply the RICE method.
Immobilize the joint at the scene and during transport.
Promptly reduce dislocation using analgesia, muscle relaxants, and possibly anesthesia.
Begin gentle, progressive active and passive movement if the joint is stable after reduction.

Strain

A pulled muscle caused by overuse, no warm-ups, or excessive stress.
Affected part: tendons.
Assessment includes X-ray for bone injury, MRI, and ultrasound for soft tissue assessment.

Grading for Strain

Grade 1: few muscle fibers torn, with mild stretching and no loss of ROM.
Grade 2: partial tearing of muscle fibers, with moderate stretching and some loss of ROM.
Grade 3: complete separation of muscle, with severe stretching and complete loss of function.

Grading for Sprain

Grade 1: few ligament fibers torn, with mild pain and localized hematoma.
Grade 2: partial tearing of ligament fibers, with moderate pain and increased edema.
Grade 3: complete torn ligaments, with severe pain and abnormal joint motion.

Medi-Nsg Management for Strain and Sprain

Use RICE: Rest, Immobilize, Compression, and Elevation.
Use NSAIDs: Naproxen, Salicylates, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, and Diclofenac.
Bandage with elastic bandages to control bleeding and edema.
Perform neurological assessments, including 6Ps, to assess degree of compression, impaired blood flow, peripheral nerves, and pulses.

Rotators Cuff Tear

A degenerative injury caused by prolonged tendon use.
Affected part: scapula and tendons.
Signs and symptoms include acute pain, tenderness, and decreased range of motion.

Causes of Rotators Cuff Tear

Acute or chronic stresses on the joint.
Intrinsic factors: age-related.
Extrinsic factors: overuse, fractures.

Assessment (Diagnostic) Test for Rotators Cuff Tear

X-ray and MRI to confirm diagnosis.
Bilateral joint evaluation.
ORIF involves surgically aligning fractured bone fragments using internal fixation devices like plates and screws.

Complications

Hypovolemic shock: stabilize the fracture, restore blood volume and circulation, relieve pain, immobilize the affected area, and protect from further injury.
Fat Embolism Syndrome: immediate immobilization of fractures, including surgical fixation, minimal manipulation, and supportive therapy as needed.

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Description

This quiz covers perception and coordination, and management of patients with musculoskeletal trauma, including contusion and soft tissue injuries. Based on Brunner's and Suddarth's 14th edition.

Nursing: Perception, Coordination and Musculoskeletal Trauma

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