Nursing Patient Safety Quiz

Exam Blueprint

• Covers modules 1-3
• 60 questions, mix of multiple choice, multiple answers, true/false, and calculations
• 15% of final grade
• Review module outcomes, readings, assignments, and activities
• NCLEX-style questions (comprehension, application, analysis)
• Review guide not exhaustive; responsible for all module content

Module 1 Critical Thinking Module Outcomes

• Clinical Judgment: influenced by a nurse's experience, knowledge, and understanding of the patient's typical responses and concerns
• Clinical Reasoning: questioning to understand situations and gather relevant information. Includes using all available data to understand the present situation clearly
• Nursing Process (ADPIE): the nurses' responsibility for making clinical decisions using personal experience, reflection, purposeful review of a situation for meaning, the gaining of new knowledge, questioning of current practice. Leads to better subjective and objective data collection and identification

Module 2 Foundations of Nursing Care Module Outcomes

• Factors negatively impacting patient safety (falls, safe home environment, fires, seizure precautions, etc.)
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Basic Needs impacting safety: oxygen, nutrition, temperature
• Task delegation to UAP (unlicensed assistive personnel): essential for optimal time management and use of other care providers

Module 3 Basic Physiological Concepts Part 1 Module Outcomes

• Immobility Effects: Physiological (skeletal abnormalities, muscular impairment, endocrine/metabolic illnesses, decreased cardiac/respiratory function, decreased endurance, pain, sleep disturbance, isolation, irritability, apathy, depression), and psychological (sensory alterations, changes in coping)
• Disuse atrophy: the tendency for cells and tissues to reduce in size and function due to prolonged inactivity or damage

Basic Crutch Gait & Use

• Detailed description of four-point, three-point, and two-point crutch gaits and how to use crutches for ascending and descending stairs
• Detailed descriptions of basic cane use, including how to use, and necessary precautions

Methods to Reduce Transmission of Pathogens

• Proper personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Hand hygiene by both the nurse and patient
• Immunizations
• Cough etiquette
• Clean stethoscope between patients

Urine Specimen Collection and Testing

• Random (routine urinalysis): screening and diagnostics for fluid/electrolyte imbalances, UTIs, blood presence, and metabolic problems
• Clean-voided and midstream: culture and sensitivity for identifying the presence of bacteria and their sensitivity to different antibiotics
• Timed specimens: measuring bodily levels over specific time periods for various metabolic and other tests

Urinary Incontinence and Interventions

• Transient Incontinence: incontinence caused by medical conditions usually treatable and reversible
• Functional Incontinence: direct result of caregivers not responding appropriately, can relate to functional deficits
• Overflow Incontinence: caused by an overdistended bladder, with mild cases involving timed voiding and more severe cases including intermittent or indwelling catheterization
• Stress Incontinence: involuntary leakage with sneezing/coughing, urgency/straining, instructing patient on pelvic floor muscle exercises
• Urge Incontinence: strong urge/need to urinate and cannot be controlled, include alcohol cessation and avoiding dietary irritants
• Reflex Incontinence: associated with uncontrolled urine, intervention using schedule urination

Bowel Elimination Issues

• Constipation: difficulty in emptying bowel movements; encourage fluid/fiber intake and activity
• Impaction: unrelieved constipation with hardened feces in the rectum that cannot be expelled
• Diarrhea: increased frequency of bowel movements of a liquid or unformed consistency
• Incontinence: inability to control the elimination of feces and gas
• Flatulence: gas accumulation in the intestines
• Hemorrhoids: dilated veins in the rectum's lining, may be internal or external

Bowel Training, Enemas, and Nasogastric Tubes

• Bowel training: establishing a daily routine for defecation
• Enemas: solution instillation into the rectum; use of tap water, normal saline, or soapsuds enemas; appropriate usage (e.g. in pregnant women or elderly patients) and potential adverse affects; safety considerations (temperature)
• Nasogastric (NG) tubes: using to decompress the stomach, providing nutrition, and medications

Nutritional Needs with Deficits

• Anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa: diet changes (increased protein), fluids, and vitamins
• Pregnancy: increased protein, calcium, iron, and folic acid intake
• Requirements and relationship to weight

Activity Tolerance and Body Mechanics

• The amount and type of an exercise a patient can complete without undue exertion or injury
• Proper body mechanics (widening base of support, bringing center of gravity closer, bending knees and hips) to prevent injury and maintain balance
• Active and passive ROM exercises based on patient activity needs

Pressure Injuries

• Prevention strategies and risks
• Risk Factors
• Staging system (1-4), including skin/tissue loss
• Identify risk factors: shear, friction, moisture