Nursing Management of Fluids and Electrolytes

A sudden weight gain or loss

To actively move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell

Oncotic pressure is the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, primarily albumin

<p>Osmotic diuresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third spacing is the accumulation of fluid in areas with minimal fluid, and it can cause relative hypovolemia in extreme cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.2 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three elements for assessing fluid balance are: fluid intake, fluid output, and fluid balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of body fluids is to maintain homeostasis and regulate various bodily functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding fluid and electrolyte balance is essential for nurses to anticipate, identify, and respond to possible imbalances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors that influence the amount of body fluid content include age, sex, weight, and climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clinical manifestations of fluid volume imbalance include edema, hypotension, and tachycardia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homeostatic mechanisms, such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, play a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance by regulating fluid intake and output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nursing interventions for managing fluid volume imbalance include fluid restriction, diuretic therapy, and monitoring of fluid intake and output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective communication is essential for managing fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances, as it facilitates collaboration among healthcare professionals and ensures prompt intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The normal serum sodium level is 135 mEq/L, and the condition called when it falls below this level is Hyponatremia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium determines the osmolality of ECF, and its deficiency (hyponatremia) results in a low serum osmolality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The risk factors for hyponatremia due to loss of sodium are gastrointestinal fluid loss, sweating, and use of diuretics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term for hyponatremia caused by an increase in the ratio of water to sodium is Dilutional Hyponatremia or water intoxication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clinical manifestations of hyponatremia include poor skin turgor, dry mucosa, decreased saliva production, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, abdominal cramps, anorexia, headache, neurological changes, and altered mental status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The syndrome characterized by excessive ADH activity with water retention, leading to dilutional hyponatremia is the Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The laboratory findings in a patient with hyponatremia include a serum sodium level below 135 mEq/L and a serum osmolality of 300 mOsm/kg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nursing interventions for a patient at risk for hyponatremia include carefully monitoring fluid losses and gains, measuring intake and output, and noting the patient's thirst or elevated temperature, as well as changes in behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating ECF volume and distribution, maintaining blood volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A doctor can recommend the proper amount of fluid intake based on an individual's health history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>135-145 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal and smooth muscle function, forming bones and teeth, and blood clotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positively charged ions are referred to as cations, while negatively charged ions are referred to as anions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.5-5.0 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating muscle contractions and transmitting nerve impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrolyte balance is essential for maintaining proper bodily functions, such as regulating ECF volume and distribution, transmitting nerve impulses, and regulating cardiac impulse transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes a secondary depression of serum calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcitonin reduces serum calcium concentration, whereas PTH increases it</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater than or equal to 8.5 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetany</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to a decrease in serum calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D deficiency or malabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers