Nursing Management of Fluids and Electrolytes

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What is an indicator of fluid status in a patient?

A sudden weight gain or loss

What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pump in the cell membrane?

To actively move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell

What is oncotic pressure, and what is its primary component?

Oncotic pressure is the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, primarily albumin

What occurs when the urine output increases due to the excretion of substances like glucose or mannitol in the urine?

Osmotic diuresis Signup and view all the answers

What is third spacing, and what can it cause in extreme cases?

Third spacing is the accumulation of fluid in areas with minimal fluid, and it can cause relative hypovolemia in extreme cases Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight equivalent of 1 liter of water?

2.2 pounds Signup and view all the answers

What are the three elements for assessing fluid balance?

The three elements for assessing fluid balance are: fluid intake, fluid output, and fluid balance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of body fluids?

The primary function of body fluids is to maintain homeostasis and regulate various bodily functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding fluid and electrolyte balance in nursing practice?

Understanding fluid and electrolyte balance is essential for nurses to anticipate, identify, and respond to possible imbalances. Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that influence the amount of body fluid content?

Factors that influence the amount of body fluid content include age, sex, weight, and climate. Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of fluid volume imbalance?

The clinical manifestations of fluid volume imbalance include edema, hypotension, and tachycardia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of homeostatic mechanisms in maintaining fluid balance?

Homeostatic mechanisms, such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, play a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance by regulating fluid intake and output. Signup and view all the answers

What are the nursing interventions for managing fluid volume imbalance?

Nursing interventions for managing fluid volume imbalance include fluid restriction, diuretic therapy, and monitoring of fluid intake and output. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of effective communication in managing fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances?

Effective communication is essential for managing fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances, as it facilitates collaboration among healthcare professionals and ensures prompt intervention. Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal serum sodium level, and what is the condition called when it falls below this level?

The normal serum sodium level is 135 mEq/L, and the condition called when it falls below this level is Hyponatremia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sodium in the body, and how does its deficiency affect the serum osmolality?

Sodium determines the osmolality of ECF, and its deficiency (hyponatremia) results in a low serum osmolality. Signup and view all the answers

What are the risk factors for hyponatremia due to loss of sodium?

The risk factors for hyponatremia due to loss of sodium are gastrointestinal fluid loss, sweating, and use of diuretics. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for hyponatremia caused by an increase in the ratio of water to sodium?

The term for hyponatremia caused by an increase in the ratio of water to sodium is Dilutional Hyponatremia or water intoxication. Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia?

The clinical manifestations of hyponatremia include poor skin turgor, dry mucosa, decreased saliva production, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, abdominal cramps, anorexia, headache, neurological changes, and altered mental status. Signup and view all the answers

What is the syndrome characterized by excessive ADH activity with water retention, leading to dilutional hyponatremia?

The syndrome characterized by excessive ADH activity with water retention, leading to dilutional hyponatremia is the Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH). Signup and view all the answers

What are the laboratory findings in a patient with hyponatremia?

The laboratory findings in a patient with hyponatremia include a serum sodium level below 135 mEq/L and a serum osmolality of 300 mOsm/kg. Signup and view all the answers

What are the nursing interventions for a patient at risk for hyponatremia?

The nursing interventions for a patient at risk for hyponatremia include carefully monitoring fluid losses and gains, measuring intake and output, and noting the patient's thirst or elevated temperature, as well as changes in behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sodium in the body, according to the text?

Regulating ECF volume and distribution, maintaining blood volume. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily fluid intake for individuals with congestive heart failure?

A doctor can recommend the proper amount of fluid intake based on an individual's health history. Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of sodium levels in venous blood for adults?

135-145 mEq/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcium in the body, according to the text?

Skeletal and smooth muscle function, forming bones and teeth, and blood clotting. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between cations and anions?

Positively charged ions are referred to as cations, while negatively charged ions are referred to as anions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of potassium levels in venous blood for adults?

3.5-5.0 mEq/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of magnesium in the body, according to the text?

Regulating muscle contractions and transmitting nerve impulses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of electrolyte balance in the body?

Electrolyte balance is essential for maintaining proper bodily functions, such as regulating ECF volume and distribution, transmitting nerve impulses, and regulating cardiac impulse transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for increasing calcium levels in the blood when ECF calcium levels decrease?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a high serum phosphate concentration on serum calcium levels?

It causes a secondary depression of serum calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite effect of calcitonin on calcium levels compared to PTH?

Calcitonin reduces serum calcium concentration, whereas PTH increases it Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of total serum calcium levels?

Greater than or equal to 8.5 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of a total body calcium deficit, despite having normal serum calcium levels?

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical manifestation of hypocalcaemia?

Tetany Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of low serum albumin levels on calcium levels?

It can lead to a decrease in serum calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of intestinal malabsorption of calcium, leading to hypocalcaemia?

Vitamin D deficiency or malabsorption Signup and view all the answers