80 Questions
What is the primary goal of fluid replacement therapy in dehydration management?
Increase fluid volume to normal
What is the term for the minimum urine amount needed to excrete toxic waste products?
400 to 600 mL/day
What is the term for the decrease in circulatory blood volume in dehydration?
Hypovolemia
What type of fluid is used to expand the plasma volume in fluid replacement therapy?
Isotonic fluid
What is the primary cause of fluid imbalance in diabetic ketoacidosis?
Fluid loss due to ketoacidosis
What is the term for the ability of the body to regulate fluid balance?
Homeostasis
What is the primary focus of management in hypervolemia treatment?
Restoring fluid balance
What is the term for the loss of fluid through skin, lungs, and stool?
Insensible water loss
What is the primary goal of nursing interventions in dehydration management?
Restoring fluid balance
What is the term for the concentration of urine in dehydration?
Concentrated
What is the serum sodium level that defines hyponatremia?
< 136 mEq/L
What is a cause of hypovolemic hyponatremia?
Diuretic use
What is a symptom of severe hyponatremia?
Lethargy
What is a cause of hypervolemic hyponatremia?
Excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids
What is a complication of hyponatremia?
Seizures
What is the term for excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids?
Dilutional hyponatremia
What is a cause of hypernatremia?
Excessive sodium ingestion
What is a risk factor for neurologic symptoms in hyponatremia?
Slow decline in sodium
What is a treatment for hypovolemic hyponatremia?
Administration of hypertonic saline
What is a complication of hypernatremia?
Dehydration
What is a primary cause of fluid imbalance in a patient with kidney failure?
Sodium and water retention
Which of the following is a common symptom of fluid overload?
Tachypnea
What is the primary goal of fluid replacement therapy in a patient with fluid imbalance?
Restore normal fluid balance
A patient with hypervolemia is at risk for which of the following complications?
Pulmonary edema
Which of the following electrolytes is responsible for regulating cardiac and skeletal muscle contractions?
Sodium
A patient with hyponatremia is likely to have a serum sodium level of:
Less than 136 mEq/L
What is the purpose of fluid restriction in a patient with fluid overload?
To prevent further fluid overload
Which of the following is a nursing intervention to prevent complications in a patient with fluid imbalance?
Assessing the patient every 2 hours
What is the role of the kidney in regulating sodium balance?
Primary regulator of sodium balance
A patient with hypervolemia is likely to have which of the following physical assessment findings?
Distended neck and hand veins
What is a potential cause of hypernatremia due to relative water deprivation?
NPO status
What is a manifestation of hypernatremia?
Muscle twitching
What is a goal of interventions for hypernatremia?
Decrease sodium levels
What type of fluid replacement is often used in hypernatremia?
Isotonic saline
What is a nursing diagnosis for hypernatremia?
Risk for injury
What is a laboratory test used to assess hypernatremia?
Electrolyte panel
What is a complication of hypernatremia?
Stupor or coma
What is a nutrition therapy for hypernatremia?
Sodium restriction
What is a potential cause of hypernatremia due to excess sodium?
Excess salt intake
What is a nursing intervention for hypernatremia?
Monitoring serum sodium and osmolality
What is the primary function of aldosterone in fluid balance?
To increase sodium reabsorption in the kidneys
What is the term for the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
Osmosis
What is the primary cause of fluid imbalance in a patient with diabetes insipidus?
Deficient antidiuretic hormone
What is the term for the decrease in elasticity of skin and blood vessels in older adults?
Loss of elasticity
What is the primary goal of nursing interventions in a patient with fluid volume deficit?
To restore fluid balance
What is the term for the amount of fluid needed to excrete toxic waste products?
400 to 600 mL/day
What is the term for the type of fluid loss that occurs without an actual loss of total body water?
Relative dehydration
What is the primary focus of management in a patient with fluid volume excess?
To increase fluid loss
What is the term for the type of fluid that is used to expand the plasma volume?
Isotonic fluid
What is the term for the ability of the body to regulate fluid balance?
Homeostasis
What is the serum sodium level that defines hyponatremia?
< 136 mEq/L
Which type of hyponatremia is caused by diuretic use?
Hypovolemic hyponatremia
What is a manifestation of hyponatremia?
Lethargy
What is a cause of hypervolemic hyponatremia?
Excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids
What is a risk factor for neurologic symptoms in hyponatremia?
Severe or acute hyponatremia
What is the term for the type of hyponatremia caused by dilution of sodium?
Dilutional hyponatremia
What is a potential cause of hyponatremia?
Fresh water submersion accident
What is a characteristic of hypovolemic hyponatremia?
Actual sodium deficits
What is a complication of hyponatremia?
Neurologic symptoms
What is a cause of hyponatremia?
Excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids
What is the primary cause of hypernatremia due to relative water deprivation?
NPO
What is the primary goal of IV fluid replacement therapy in hypernatremia?
To decrease sodium levels and prevent further increase
What is a manifestation of hypernatremia in the cardiovascular system?
Tachycardia
What is the primary regulator of sodium balance in the body?
Kidney
What is the normal serum sodium level?
136-145 mEq/L
What is the primary focus of nursing care in hypernatremia?
Preventing injury
What is the role of hypertonic solution infusion in hypernatremia?
To increase sodium levels
What is the term for the condition where the body takes in more sodium than it can process?
Sodium Overload
What is the goal of nursing interventions in fluid imbalance management?
To restore normal fluid balance
What is the purpose of monitoring mental status in patients with hypernatremia?
To assess for neurological symptoms
What is the primary cause of fluid imbalance in a patient with heart failure?
Sodium retention
What is the primary goal of nutrition therapy in hypernatremia?
To restrict sodium intake
What is the primary goal of lab assessment in hypernatremia?
To monitor serum sodium levels
What is the role of ADH in sodium balance regulation?
Regulates thirst
What is the primary cause of hypernatremia due to excess sodium?
Excess salt intake
What is a symptom of fluid overload?
All of the above
What is a manifestation of hypernatremia in the neuromuscular system?
Muscle twitching
What is the term for the decrease in circulatory blood volume?
Hypovolemia
What is the primary goal of fluid restriction in a patient with fluid overload?
To restore normal fluid balance
What is the term for the minimum urine amount needed to excrete toxic waste products?
Minimum urine output
Test your knowledge of fluid and electrolyte balance, composition, and regulation in the body. Learn about the different types of fluids, electrolytes, and pressures that maintain homeostasis.
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