Fluid and Electrolyte Management NRSG 102

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of fluid replacement therapy in dehydration management?

  • Monitor vital signs only
  • Increase fluid volume to normal (correct)
  • Reduce fluid intake
  • Administer medications as ordered

What is the term for the minimum urine amount needed to excrete toxic waste products?

  • Oncotic pressure
  • 400 to 600 mL/day (correct)
  • Insensible water loss
  • Osmolality

What is the term for the decrease in circulatory blood volume in dehydration?

  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Fluid volume deficit
  • Hypervolemia
  • Hypovolemia (correct)

What type of fluid is used to expand the plasma volume in fluid replacement therapy?

<p>Isotonic fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of fluid imbalance in diabetic ketoacidosis?

<p>Fluid loss due to ketoacidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of the body to regulate fluid balance?

<p>Homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of management in hypervolemia treatment?

<p>Restoring fluid balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of fluid through skin, lungs, and stool?

<p>Insensible water loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nursing interventions in dehydration management?

<p>Restoring fluid balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the concentration of urine in dehydration?

<p>Concentrated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the serum sodium level that defines hyponatremia?

<p>&lt; 136 mEq/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of hypovolemic hyponatremia?

<p>Diuretic use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of severe hyponatremia?

<p>Lethargy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of hypervolemic hyponatremia?

<p>Excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of hyponatremia?

<p>Seizures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids?

<p>Dilutional hyponatremia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of hypernatremia?

<p>Excessive sodium ingestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for neurologic symptoms in hyponatremia?

<p>Slow decline in sodium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a treatment for hypovolemic hyponatremia?

<p>Administration of hypertonic saline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of hypernatremia?

<p>Dehydration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause of fluid imbalance in a patient with kidney failure?

<p>Sodium and water retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of fluid overload?

<p>Tachypnea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fluid replacement therapy in a patient with fluid imbalance?

<p>Restore normal fluid balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with hypervolemia is at risk for which of the following complications?

<p>Pulmonary edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following electrolytes is responsible for regulating cardiac and skeletal muscle contractions?

<p>Sodium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with hyponatremia is likely to have a serum sodium level of:

<p>Less than 136 mEq/L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fluid restriction in a patient with fluid overload?

<p>To prevent further fluid overload (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nursing intervention to prevent complications in a patient with fluid imbalance?

<p>Assessing the patient every 2 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidney in regulating sodium balance?

<p>Primary regulator of sodium balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with hypervolemia is likely to have which of the following physical assessment findings?

<p>Distended neck and hand veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of hypernatremia due to relative water deprivation?

<p>NPO status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a manifestation of hypernatremia?

<p>Muscle twitching (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a goal of interventions for hypernatremia?

<p>Decrease sodium levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fluid replacement is often used in hypernatremia?

<p>Isotonic saline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nursing diagnosis for hypernatremia?

<p>Risk for injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a laboratory test used to assess hypernatremia?

<p>Electrolyte panel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of hypernatremia?

<p>Stupor or coma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nutrition therapy for hypernatremia?

<p>Sodium restriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of hypernatremia due to excess sodium?

<p>Excess salt intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nursing intervention for hypernatremia?

<p>Monitoring serum sodium and osmolality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aldosterone in fluid balance?

<p>To increase sodium reabsorption in the kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

<p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of fluid imbalance in a patient with diabetes insipidus?

<p>Deficient antidiuretic hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the decrease in elasticity of skin and blood vessels in older adults?

<p>Loss of elasticity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nursing interventions in a patient with fluid volume deficit?

<p>To restore fluid balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of fluid needed to excrete toxic waste products?

<p>400 to 600 mL/day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of fluid loss that occurs without an actual loss of total body water?

<p>Relative dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of management in a patient with fluid volume excess?

<p>To increase fluid loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of fluid that is used to expand the plasma volume?

<p>Isotonic fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of the body to regulate fluid balance?

<p>Homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the serum sodium level that defines hyponatremia?

<p>&lt; 136 mEq/L (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hyponatremia is caused by diuretic use?

<p>Hypovolemic hyponatremia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a manifestation of hyponatremia?

<p>Lethargy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of hypervolemic hyponatremia?

<p>Excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for neurologic symptoms in hyponatremia?

<p>Severe or acute hyponatremia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of hyponatremia caused by dilution of sodium?

<p>Dilutional hyponatremia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of hyponatremia?

<p>Fresh water submersion accident (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hypovolemic hyponatremia?

<p>Actual sodium deficits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of hyponatremia?

<p>Neurologic symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of hyponatremia?

<p>Excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hypernatremia due to relative water deprivation?

<p>NPO (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of IV fluid replacement therapy in hypernatremia?

<p>To decrease sodium levels and prevent further increase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a manifestation of hypernatremia in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Tachycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary regulator of sodium balance in the body?

<p>Kidney (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal serum sodium level?

<p>136-145 mEq/L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of nursing care in hypernatremia?

<p>Preventing injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hypertonic solution infusion in hypernatremia?

<p>To increase sodium levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the body takes in more sodium than it can process?

<p>Sodium Overload (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of nursing interventions in fluid imbalance management?

<p>To restore normal fluid balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of monitoring mental status in patients with hypernatremia?

<p>To assess for neurological symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of fluid imbalance in a patient with heart failure?

<p>Sodium retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nutrition therapy in hypernatremia?

<p>To restrict sodium intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of lab assessment in hypernatremia?

<p>To monitor serum sodium levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ADH in sodium balance regulation?

<p>Regulates thirst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hypernatremia due to excess sodium?

<p>Excess salt intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of fluid overload?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a manifestation of hypernatremia in the neuromuscular system?

<p>Muscle twitching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the decrease in circulatory blood volume?

<p>Hypovolemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fluid restriction in a patient with fluid overload?

<p>To restore normal fluid balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the minimum urine amount needed to excrete toxic waste products?

<p>Minimum urine output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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