Fluid and Electrolyte Management NRSG 102
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of fluid replacement therapy in dehydration management?

  • Monitor vital signs only
  • Increase fluid volume to normal (correct)
  • Reduce fluid intake
  • Administer medications as ordered

    • What is the term for the minimum urine amount needed to excrete toxic waste products?

  • Oncotic pressure
  • 400 to 600 mL/day (correct)
  • Insensible water loss
  • Osmolality

    • What is the term for the decrease in circulatory blood volume in dehydration?

  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Fluid volume deficit
  • Hypervolemia
  • Hypovolemia (correct)

    • What type of fluid is used to expand the plasma volume in fluid replacement therapy?

    <p>Isotonic fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of fluid imbalance in diabetic ketoacidosis?

    <p>Fluid loss due to ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of the body to regulate fluid balance?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of management in hypervolemia treatment?

    <p>Restoring fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the loss of fluid through skin, lungs, and stool?

    <p>Insensible water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nursing interventions in dehydration management?

    <p>Restoring fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the concentration of urine in dehydration?

    <p>Concentrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the serum sodium level that defines hyponatremia?

    <p>&lt; 136 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hypovolemic hyponatremia?

    <p>Diuretic use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of severe hyponatremia?

    <p>Lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hypervolemic hyponatremia?

    <p>Excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of hyponatremia?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids?

    <p>Dilutional hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hypernatremia?

    <p>Excessive sodium ingestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for neurologic symptoms in hyponatremia?

    <p>Slow decline in sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment for hypovolemic hyponatremia?

    <p>Administration of hypertonic saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of hypernatremia?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary cause of fluid imbalance in a patient with kidney failure?

    <p>Sodium and water retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of fluid overload?

    <p>Tachypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of fluid replacement therapy in a patient with fluid imbalance?

    <p>Restore normal fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with hypervolemia is at risk for which of the following complications?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following electrolytes is responsible for regulating cardiac and skeletal muscle contractions?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with hyponatremia is likely to have a serum sodium level of:

    <p>Less than 136 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fluid restriction in a patient with fluid overload?

    <p>To prevent further fluid overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing intervention to prevent complications in a patient with fluid imbalance?

    <p>Assessing the patient every 2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the kidney in regulating sodium balance?

    <p>Primary regulator of sodium balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with hypervolemia is likely to have which of the following physical assessment findings?

    <p>Distended neck and hand veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of hypernatremia due to relative water deprivation?

    <p>NPO status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a manifestation of hypernatremia?

    <p>Muscle twitching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a goal of interventions for hypernatremia?

    <p>Decrease sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fluid replacement is often used in hypernatremia?

    <p>Isotonic saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nursing diagnosis for hypernatremia?

    <p>Risk for injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a laboratory test used to assess hypernatremia?

    <p>Electrolyte panel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of hypernatremia?

    <p>Stupor or coma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nutrition therapy for hypernatremia?

    <p>Sodium restriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of hypernatremia due to excess sodium?

    <p>Excess salt intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nursing intervention for hypernatremia?

    <p>Monitoring serum sodium and osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aldosterone in fluid balance?

    <p>To increase sodium reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of fluid imbalance in a patient with diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Deficient antidiuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the decrease in elasticity of skin and blood vessels in older adults?

    <p>Loss of elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nursing interventions in a patient with fluid volume deficit?

    <p>To restore fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of fluid needed to excrete toxic waste products?

    <p>400 to 600 mL/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of fluid loss that occurs without an actual loss of total body water?

    <p>Relative dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of management in a patient with fluid volume excess?

    <p>To increase fluid loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of fluid that is used to expand the plasma volume?

    <p>Isotonic fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of the body to regulate fluid balance?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the serum sodium level that defines hyponatremia?

    <p>&lt; 136 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hyponatremia is caused by diuretic use?

    <p>Hypovolemic hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a manifestation of hyponatremia?

    <p>Lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hypervolemic hyponatremia?

    <p>Excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for neurologic symptoms in hyponatremia?

    <p>Severe or acute hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of hyponatremia caused by dilution of sodium?

    <p>Dilutional hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of hyponatremia?

    <p>Fresh water submersion accident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of hypovolemic hyponatremia?

    <p>Actual sodium deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of hyponatremia?

    <p>Neurologic symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hyponatremia?

    <p>Excessive administration of hypotonic IV fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypernatremia due to relative water deprivation?

    <p>NPO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of IV fluid replacement therapy in hypernatremia?

    <p>To decrease sodium levels and prevent further increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a manifestation of hypernatremia in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary regulator of sodium balance in the body?

    <p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal serum sodium level?

    <p>136-145 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of nursing care in hypernatremia?

    <p>Preventing injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hypertonic solution infusion in hypernatremia?

    <p>To increase sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where the body takes in more sodium than it can process?

    <p>Sodium Overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of nursing interventions in fluid imbalance management?

    <p>To restore normal fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of monitoring mental status in patients with hypernatremia?

    <p>To assess for neurological symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of fluid imbalance in a patient with heart failure?

    <p>Sodium retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nutrition therapy in hypernatremia?

    <p>To restrict sodium intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of lab assessment in hypernatremia?

    <p>To monitor serum sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ADH in sodium balance regulation?

    <p>Regulates thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypernatremia due to excess sodium?

    <p>Excess salt intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of fluid overload?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a manifestation of hypernatremia in the neuromuscular system?

    <p>Muscle twitching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the decrease in circulatory blood volume?

    <p>Hypovolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of fluid restriction in a patient with fluid overload?

    <p>To restore normal fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the minimum urine amount needed to excrete toxic waste products?

    <p>Minimum urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

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