Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the recommended dosing schedule for glucocorticoids like Cortisone and Hydrocortisone in patients with low cortisol levels?
What is the recommended dosing schedule for glucocorticoids like Cortisone and Hydrocortisone in patients with low cortisol levels?
- Give 1/3 of the dose in the morning and 2/3 in the afternoon
- Give 2/3 of the dose in the morning and 1/3 in the afternoon (correct)
- Give the full dose in the morning
- Administer the full dose in the afternoon
Which of the following is NOT a nursing intervention for patients with low cortisol levels?
Which of the following is NOT a nursing intervention for patients with low cortisol levels?
- Weighing the patient daily
- Providing rest periods to prevent fatigue
- Monitoring vital signs
- Promoting exposure to infections for immunity boost (correct)
What is the emergency condition that results in low blood pressure, low blood sugar levels, and high blood potassium levels?
What is the emergency condition that results in low blood pressure, low blood sugar levels, and high blood potassium levels?
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Addisonian crisis (correct)
- Cushing's syndrome
Which of the following hormones is used in hormonal replacement therapy as a mineralocorticoid?
Which of the following hormones is used in hormonal replacement therapy as a mineralocorticoid?
In hormonal replacement therapy, what is the importance of never omitting prescribed medications?
In hormonal replacement therapy, what is the importance of never omitting prescribed medications?
What is the proper way to administer glucocorticoids to simulate cortisol release?
What is the proper way to administer glucocorticoids to simulate cortisol release?
What is a common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
What is a common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Which diagnostic test would show increased bone density in a patient with hypoparathyroidism?
Which diagnostic test would show increased bone density in a patient with hypoparathyroidism?
How can secondary hyperparathyroidism be managed medically?
How can secondary hyperparathyroidism be managed medically?
What nursing intervention is recommended to prevent injury in patients with hyperparathyroidism?
What nursing intervention is recommended to prevent injury in patients with hyperparathyroidism?
Which clinical manifestation is NOT typically associated with hyperparathyroidism?
Which clinical manifestation is NOT typically associated with hyperparathyroidism?
What is a common symptom of hypoparathyroidism?
What is a common symptom of hypoparathyroidism?
What is the primary reason for asking the client to stay awake the night before a sleep EEG exam?
What is the primary reason for asking the client to stay awake the night before a sleep EEG exam?
What is the main purpose of a myelography/myelogram procedure?
What is the main purpose of a myelography/myelogram procedure?
What should a nurse do if a patient is found to be allergic to contrast agents before a radiographic procedure?
What should a nurse do if a patient is found to be allergic to contrast agents before a radiographic procedure?
What is a possible consequence of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
What is a possible consequence of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
What does increased ICP refer to in the context of neurological conditions?
What does increased ICP refer to in the context of neurological conditions?
Why is it important to encourage fluid intake after a myelography/myelogram procedure?
Why is it important to encourage fluid intake after a myelography/myelogram procedure?
What is a serious side effect of Valium administration?
What is a serious side effect of Valium administration?
How is Liquid Valium typically absorbed when administered rectally?
How is Liquid Valium typically absorbed when administered rectally?
Why should Valium not be used on a daily basis?
Why should Valium not be used on a daily basis?
What are some nursing interventions recommended during seizure activity?
What are some nursing interventions recommended during seizure activity?
What kind of diagnostic tests may be performed to rule out infections or trauma related to seizures?
What kind of diagnostic tests may be performed to rule out infections or trauma related to seizures?
What are some cognitive signs mentioned during the ictal phase of seizures?
What are some cognitive signs mentioned during the ictal phase of seizures?
What is a common manifestation of an allergic reaction to the iodine contained in a contrast agent?
What is a common manifestation of an allergic reaction to the iodine contained in a contrast agent?
What is the immediate intervention recommended in case of an allergic reaction to contrast media?
What is the immediate intervention recommended in case of an allergic reaction to contrast media?
What is a nursing responsibility before a Computed Tomography (CT) scan involving contrast media?
What is a nursing responsibility before a Computed Tomography (CT) scan involving contrast media?
What is the purpose of a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan?
What is the purpose of a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan?
What does a Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) aim to overcome?
What does a Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) aim to overcome?
Which guideline should a nurse follow after a patient undergoes an angiography procedure?
Which guideline should a nurse follow after a patient undergoes an angiography procedure?
Why do patients have to remove metallic materials before undergoing a CT scan?
Why do patients have to remove metallic materials before undergoing a CT scan?
What is the purpose of using contrast media in some CT scans?
What is the purpose of using contrast media in some CT scans?
Why do patients need to remain as still as possible during a CT scan?
Why do patients need to remain as still as possible during a CT scan?
What is the role of deoxyglucose in a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan?
What is the role of deoxyglucose in a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan?
Study Notes
Diagnostic Tests
- Angiography
- Uses iodine-containing contrast agent
- Risks: allergic reaction to iodine, vessel injury, bleeding, and CVA
- Pre-procedure: NPO 4-6 hours, well-hydrated, clear liquids permitted
- Post-procedure: monitor VS and neuro signs, bedrest, keep extremity straight and immobilized
- Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
- Uses ionizing radiation to detect intracranial and spinal cord lesions
- Pre-procedure: signed consent, notify physician if client has risk factors, withhold food 4-6 hours
- Post-procedure: check for delayed allergic response, increase fluid intake if contrast medium used
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
- Provides information on brain function, glucose metabolism, and cerebral blood flow
- Pre-procedure: signed consent, withhold caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco 24 hours prior
- Post-procedure: increase fluid intake to eliminate radioisotope
- Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
- Overcomes limitations of PET
- No additional information provided
Endocrine Disorders
- Hypocortisolism
- Causes: adrenal insufficiency, Addison's disease
- Symptoms: low cortisol levels, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, hyperkalemia, acidosis, hypoglycemia
- Nursing interventions: administer HRT, monitor VS, provide rest periods, prevent fatigue and infection
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Causes: parathyroid adenoma, congenital hyperparathyroidism, multiple endocrine neoplasia
- Symptoms: hypercalcemia, kidney stones, bone pain, osteoporosis
- Medical management: surgery, increased fluids, dietary restrictions, medications
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Causes: congenital absence, autoimmune disease, removal of parathyroid glands
- Symptoms: hypocalcemia, neuromuscular symptoms, tetany, psychosis
- Medical management: vitamin D and calcium supplements
Other Conditions
- Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
- Causes: trauma, hemorrhage, abscesses, growths or tumors, hydrocephalus, edema or inflammation
- Symptoms: headache, vomiting, seizures, papilledema
- Nursing interventions: monitor ICP, manage pain, prevent increased ICP
- Seizures
- Causes: lead poisoning, hypoglycemia, infection, electrolyte imbalances
- Symptoms: aura, twitching, loss of consciousness
- Nursing interventions: protect from injury, decrease external stimuli, keep airway open
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Description
Test your knowledge on nursing interventions for patients with low cortisol levels presenting symptoms like hyponatremia, hypovolemia, hyperkalemia, acidosis, and hypoglycemia. Learn about administering Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT) with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids according to diurnal rhythm patterns.
