Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the preferred laboratory test for assessing malnutrition due to its quick response to inadequate nutrition?
What is the preferred laboratory test for assessing malnutrition due to its quick response to inadequate nutrition?
Older adults are at the least risk for decreased perfusion due to non-modifiable risk factors.
Older adults are at the least risk for decreased perfusion due to non-modifiable risk factors.
False
List two foods rich in potassium (K+).
List two foods rich in potassium (K+).
Bananas, Potatoes
Decreased peripheral perfusion can result in _____ and may lead to tissue ulcers or cell death.
Decreased peripheral perfusion can result in _____ and may lead to tissue ulcers or cell death.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the signs and symptoms to the type of decreased perfusion:
Match the signs and symptoms to the type of decreased perfusion:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Hyperglycemia is characterized by low blood sugar levels.
Hyperglycemia is characterized by low blood sugar levels.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one potential complication of hyperglycemia.
Name one potential complication of hyperglycemia.
Signup and view all the answers
One risk factor for diabetes includes ______.
One risk factor for diabetes includes ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the medical condition with its respective intervention:
Match the medical condition with its respective intervention:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for fluid and electrolyte imbalances?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for fluid and electrolyte imbalances?
Signup and view all the answers
It is advisable to avoid crossing legs to decrease the risk of clotting.
It is advisable to avoid crossing legs to decrease the risk of clotting.
Signup and view all the answers
What should a patient do if they experience redness and warmth in their lower extremities?
What should a patient do if they experience redness and warmth in their lower extremities?
Signup and view all the answers
Anticoagulants are also known as ______.
Anticoagulants are also known as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is NOT associated with hypoglycemia?
Which symptom is NOT associated with hypoglycemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Respiratory Acidosis characterized by?
What is Respiratory Acidosis characterized by?
Signup and view all the answers
Infiltration occurs when an IV catheter is inserted correctly but the vein ruptures.
Infiltration occurs when an IV catheter is inserted correctly but the vein ruptures.
Signup and view all the answers
What are two common symptoms of phlebitis?
What are two common symptoms of phlebitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Metabolic Alkalosis is characterized by a pH greater than 7.35 and HCO3 greater than ______ mEq/L.
Metabolic Alkalosis is characterized by a pH greater than 7.35 and HCO3 greater than ______ mEq/L.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most significant risk associated with anticoagulants?
What is the most significant risk associated with anticoagulants?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the treatment options with the condition:
Match the treatment options with the condition:
Signup and view all the answers
NSAIDs decrease the risk of peptic ulcers and gastritis.
NSAIDs decrease the risk of peptic ulcers and gastritis.
Signup and view all the answers
List one side effect of NSAIDs related to the gastrointestinal system.
List one side effect of NSAIDs related to the gastrointestinal system.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for phlebitis?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for phlebitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Excessive CO2 retention in the body leads to the formation of ______, which decreases blood pH.
Excessive CO2 retention in the body leads to the formation of ______, which decreases blood pH.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the technical term used when a damaging drug enters the tissues from an IV?
What is the technical term used when a damaging drug enters the tissues from an IV?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following side effects with their corresponding medication type:
Match the following side effects with their corresponding medication type:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a sign of thrombocytopenia?
Which of the following is a sign of thrombocytopenia?
Signup and view all the answers
Anemia can be caused by NSAIDs due to chronic blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract.
Anemia can be caused by NSAIDs due to chronic blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract.
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is marked by redness, pain, swelling, and warmth in the legs and indicates increased clotting?
What condition is marked by redness, pain, swelling, and warmth in the legs and indicates increased clotting?
Signup and view all the answers
A drop in platelet count associated with heparin is known as ______.
A drop in platelet count associated with heparin is known as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
What is provided through patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for post-operative pain control?
What is provided through patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for post-operative pain control?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary component of extracellular fluid?
What is the primary component of extracellular fluid?
Signup and view all the answers
Transcellular fluid is part of the interstitial fluid compartment.
Transcellular fluid is part of the interstitial fluid compartment.
Signup and view all the answers
List the two major divisions of extracellular fluid.
List the two major divisions of extracellular fluid.
Signup and view all the answers
The fluid secreted by epithelial cells is referred to as ______.
The fluid secreted by epithelial cells is referred to as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a sign of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
It is important to administer antihistamines in response to febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions.
It is important to administer antihistamines in response to febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions.
Signup and view all the answers
What should a nurse do first when a febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction is suspected?
What should a nurse do first when a febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction is suspected?
Signup and view all the answers
Signs of severe allergic reactions may include ______ and ______.
Signs of severe allergic reactions may include ______ and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the transfusion reactions to their signs and symptoms:
Match the transfusion reactions to their signs and symptoms:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Exam 2 Study Guide
- Fluid and Electrolytes (Potter & Perry Chapter 42): Includes normal values for electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, total CO2, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, anion gap) and arterial blood gases (pH, PaCO2, PaO2, O2 saturation, base excess).
- Overview of Health Concepts for Medical-Surgical Nursing (Ignatavicius Chapter 3): Covers general health concepts.
- Antihypertensive and Anemia Drugs (Lilley Chapters 22 and 54): Details antihypertensive medications and anemia drugs.
Metabolic Acidosis
- Signs and Symptoms (Physical): Kussmaul respirations, decreased level of consciousness, abnormal heartbeat (hypokalemia), abdominal pain (nausea & vomiting), and low blood pressure.
- Signs and Symptoms (Lab): pH below 7.35, HCO3 below 21.
- Important Considerations: Acidosis leads to a chain reaction, where dehydration worsens the problem and hypokalemia disrupts heart signals..
Metabolic Alkalosis
- Causes: Increase of bicarbonate (excessive administration of sodium bicarbonate, massive blood transfusion, mild/moderate ECV deficit), loss of metabolic acid (vomiting, NGT suction, hypokalemia, dehydration, excess aldosterone).
- Signs and Symptoms (Physical): Lightheadedness, numbness/tingling (fingers, toes, circumoral), muscle cramps, decreased level of consciousness, and dysrhythmias.
- Signs and Symptoms (Lab): pH above 7.45, HCO3 above 28 (compensated).
Respiratory Acidosis
- Causes: Not breathing out enough CO2.
- Signs & Symptoms (Physical): Decreased level of consciousness (lethargy, confusion, coma), abdominal pain, dysrhythmias
- Signs & Symptoms (Lab): pH below 7.35, PaCO2 above 45, HCO3 normal (compensated) above 28.
Respiratory Alkalosis
- Causes: Breathing out too much CO2 quickly.
- Signs & Symptoms (Physical): Lightheadedness, numbness/tingling (fingers, toes, circumoral region), increased respirations, dysrhythmias
- Signs & Symptoms (Lab): pH above 7.45, PaCO2 below 35, HCO3 normal (uncompensated) below 21.
Blood Gases
- Normal Values: pH (7.35-7.45), PaCO2 (35-45 mmHg), PaO2 (80-100 mmHg), HCO3 (21-28 mEq/L).
Phlebitis and Infiltration
- Phlebitis: Inflammation of a vein, often due to IV solutions, rapid infusion rates, medications, improper catheter placement. Symptoms include redness, swelling, warmth, and pain at the IV site.
- Infiltration: Occurs when IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissues. Symptoms include swelling, coolness, blanching of the area, and edema.
Hyperkalemia
- Causes: Increased potassium intake, insufficient insulin, shift of potassium from cells into the extracellular fluid, decreased potassium output.
- Symptoms: Muscle weakness, life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.
Hypokalemia
- Causes: Loss of potassium, diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, use of potassium-sparing diuretics, or adrenal insufficiency
- Symptoms: Muscle weakness, life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea
Blood Transfusion Reactions
- Febrile Nonhemolytic Reaction (FNHTR): Immune response to white blood cells, such as fever, chills, headache, and vomiting.
- Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (AHTR): Incompatible blood transfusions; symptoms such as fever, chills, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal pain, chest pain, back pain, flank pain, dyspnea, and shock.
- Allergic Reaction (Allergic Transfusion Reaction): Signs like urticaria, pruritus, facial flushing, and mild wheezing.
- Severe Allergic Reaction: Hypotension, tachycardia, urticaria, bronchospasm, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain.
- Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI): Symptoms include fever, respiratory failure, hypoxemia, hypotension, and pulmonary edema.
- Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO): Symptoms include dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, orthopnea, jugular vein distention, hypertension, and cough.
Other important conditions:
- Anemia: Low red blood cell count.
- Chronic Kidney Disease: Kidney impairment; symptoms include fatigue, swelling, changes in urination, high blood pressure, nausea/vomiting.
- Diabetes Mellitus: Elevated blood sugar; symptoms include fatigue, increased urination, and thirst.
- Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD): Impaired blood flow to the extremities, resulting in pain, coolness, and decreased pulses.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Prepare for your Nursing Exam 2 with this comprehensive study guide that covers essential topics like Fluid and Electrolytes, metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, and key medications such as antihypertensive and anemia drugs. Each concept is crucial for understanding medical-surgical nursing and effective patient care.
