Nursing Ethics and Theories Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is required for all routine treatments and hazardous procedures such as surgery?

Witnessed agreement from another nurse

A signed consent form (correct)

Approval from the hospital administration

Verbal consent from the patient

Under what circumstances can informed consent be waived?

When the patient is unconscious (correct)

In standard medical treatments

When the patient explicitly refuses to consent

Only in elective surgeries

Who is held liable if a nursing student causes harm to a patient?

The student, instructor, health facility, and university (correct)

Only the nursing student

The patient for not understanding the treatment

Only the educational institution

What must occur before a specialized procedure can be performed on a patient?

Separate special consent or treatment forms must be signed Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if informed consent is not obtained before a procedure?

The health care provider may face a lawsuit for negligence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of nursing as defined in the nursing metaparadigm?

The actions of nurses to support patient health Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing theory focuses on the environment’s role in healing?

Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory Signup and view all the answers

What type of theories focus on very specific, day-to-day nursing actions?

Practice-Level Theories Signup and view all the answers

Which theory describes the progression of nurses from novices to experts?

Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nursing, what does the term 'scope' refer to?

The breadth of responsibilities and practices in nursing Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing theorist emphasized hygiene, ventilation, and cleanliness as crucial elements for recovery?

Florence Nightingale Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nursing theories?

To improve patient care and outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Pender’s Health Promotion Model?

A framework encouraging patients to adopt healthy behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasizes the development of a strong maternal identity in mothers?

Maternal Role Attainment Theory Signup and view all the answers

What are the three factors that influence self-efficacy according to Alberta Bandura?

Behavior, environment, personal factors Signup and view all the answers

In the Life Perspective Rhythm Model, what does the model primarily focus on?

Identifying and labeling nursing concepts Signup and view all the answers

What does the Health Promotion Model focus on increasing?

Patient's level of well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which model serves as a complementary counterpart to models of health protection?

Health Promotion Model Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of self-efficacy in health care, particularly for patients with chronic illnesses?

Believing in one's ability to manage health Signup and view all the answers

What does the Activities of Living Nursing Model primarily focus on?

Enhancing the developmental process towards health Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing model is often utilized in educational institutions for collecting patient data?

Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns Model Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Virginia Henderson's Nursing Need Theory?

Patient independence and nursing assistance Signup and view all the answers

Which theory is associated with recognizing patients' interpretations of their own experiences?

Nursing Process Theory Signup and view all the answers

What significant shift did Faye Glenn Abdellah make in nursing focus?

From disease-centered to patient-centered care Signup and view all the answers

What does Hildegard E. Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations primarily emphasize?

Therapeutic interactions between patients and nurses Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for nurses to individualize care per Virginia Henderson's view?

To enhance the creativity in planning care Signup and view all the answers

According to the Nursing Process Theory, what triggers the need for nursing care?

Patients' immediate needs for help due to limitations Signup and view all the answers

What foundational approach is central to the 21 Nursing Problems Theory developed by Faye Glenn Abdellah?

Integrating families in nursing care Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is emphasized in the Theory of Interpersonal Relations as proposed by Peplau?

The therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations?

The nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major concepts of the nursing metaparadigm?

Community Signup and view all the answers

What does the environment component of the nursing metaparadigm include?

Both internal and external surroundings affecting the client Signup and view all the answers

Virginia Henderson's Nursing Need Theory emphasizes which aspect of nursing?

Assisting individuals to regain independence in meeting their fundamental needs Signup and view all the answers

How is health defined in the context of the nursing metaparadigm?

The degree of wellness or well-being experienced by the client Signup and view all the answers

What are practice-level theories associated with in nursing theory classification?

Theories that focus on specific nursing practices in real-life situations Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'person' in nursing metaparadigm signify?

Any individual or group receiving nursing care Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theories was focused on the 14 fundamental needs of individuals?

Virginia Henderson's Nursing Need Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the central focus of Neuman's System Model?

The unique variables affecting an individual's response to stress Signup and view all the answers

In the Adaptation Model, how does Sister Callista Roy define nursing?

As the process emphasizing holistic health and adaptation Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of Joyce Travelbee's Human-to-Human Relationship Model?

To support individuals in coping with illness and suffering Signup and view all the answers

Orem's Self-Care Theory focuses on which of the following?

The client's ability to perform self-care independently Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of Orem's Self-Care Theory?

Psychosocial support theory Signup and view all the answers

What does Levine's Conservation Model emphasize?

The significance of human interactions in nursing Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing theorist extended the work of Peplau and Orlando?

Joyce Travelbee Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the client system does Neuman's Model consider?

Five variables including psychological and spiritual Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Legal Principles in Nursing

Laws dictate societal behavior.
Legal responsibility for healthcare workers can be civil or criminal.
Circumstances determine liability.
Standards of care outline legal nursing practice minimums.
Standards reflect the knowledge and skills of practicing professionals.
Turkish Nurses Association (TNA) sets nursing standards, policies, and resolutions.

Civil and Common Law Issues in Nursing Practice

Tort: A civil wrong against person or property.
Tort types include intentional, quasi-intentional, and unintentional.
Intentional Torts: Examples include battery (hitting) and defamation (harming reputation).
Quasi-intentional Torts: Examples include acts like invading someone's privacy unintentionally.
Unintentional Torts: Examples include medical errors (negligence), mistakes, or accidents like giving wrong medication.

Assault and Battery

Assault: Threat to harm a patient physically, even without contact.
Examples of assault include threatening injections or restraints without consent.
Battery: Intentional touching without consent.
Occurs when the nurse performs a procedure beyond the scope of consent.
Example: performing a procedure different from what the patient agreed to.
Consent is key for avoiding battery.

Invasion of Privacy

Invasion of privacy involves releasing a patient's confidential medical information to unauthorized individuals.
Examples of unauthorized individuals include the press, the patient's employer, or family members.
Medical information is shared only for medical treatment reasons.
Respect patient wishes regarding sharing information with family.
Don't assume family members know patient's private medical history.

Negligence and Malpractice

Negligence: Conduct below the standard of care.
Example: a driver failing to stop at a stop signal or hanging wrong medication.
Malpractice: Specific type of negligence, often in a professional context.
Establishing malpractice requires proving the nurse had a duty, broke that duty, caused harm, and the injury resulted from the broken duty.

Causes of Medical Malpractice Claims (2017-2021)

Data chart presented showing the percentage for various causes of medical malpractice claims.

Signed consent forms needed for routine treatments and hazardous ones.
Procedures like surgery, chemotherapy, and research require consent.
Patients sign general consent upon admission.
Specific consent forms are required for specialized procedures.
Nurses should understand their state laws and institutional policies regarding consent.

Informed consent is a patient's agreement to a procedure.
Only valid in certain settings, typically in emergency situations, or when a patient is legally competent to give it.
Without informed consent, a patient may sue for negligence.

Nursing Students

Nursing students are liable if their actions harm patients.
Students, instructors, hospitals, and institutions are often jointly liable.
Students must act and perform tasks like professionals.
They shouldn't perform tasks without guidance from a staff nurse or instructor.

Abandonment and Assignment Issues

Health care providers are responsible for directing medical treatment.
Nurses should obey orders except when an order poses a clear error or harm.
Nurses must assess all orders for potential mistakes or harm.
Clarification is needed from the health care provider for any unclear, inaccurate, or harmful orders.

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing

Theory-based nursing practice is crucial for design and implementation of care interventions.
Nursing expertise comes from a blend of knowledge and experience.
Clinical knowledge combined with theories is the basis of patient approach.

Nursing Theories

Nursing theories are organized knowledge defining nursing.
Nursing theories distinguish nursing from other disciplines, particularly medicine.
Frameworks for nursing practice guided by concepts and purposes that are intended to be more concrete and explicit.
Nursing theories provide direction for practice, research, and education and enhance patient care.

History of Nursing Theories

Florence Nightingale first presented a theory of nursing in the 19th Century.
Nightingale's theory emphasized the role of the environment in recovery.
Hildegard Peplau's theory emphasizes interpersonal relations and nurse-patient interactions.
Virginia Henderson's theory centered on patient independence in meeting fundamental needs.

Classification of Nursing Theories

Grand theories, Middle-range theories, and Practice-Level theories are categories of nursing theories related to scope.
These categories focus on different aspects of the nursing metaparadigm.
Nursing metaparadigm concepts give boundaries, common viewpoints, and activities for the discipline.

The Nursing Metaparadigm (Person, Environment, Health, Nursing)

Person: The individual, family, group, community, that receives nursing care.
Environment: Internal and external conditions affecting the patient and includes physical and psychological conditions.
Health: The degree of wellness or well-being experienced by the patient.
Nursing: What nurses do and how they act toward patient health.

The Domain of Nursing

Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to potential health problems.
Nursing's scope is broad.
Nurses don't diagnose conditions, but assess and develop nursing diagnoses responses to health conditions.

Grand Theories

Broad and Conceptual (big ideas about nursing).
Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory: Focuses on the role of the environment in recovery.
Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory: Nurses help patients who can't manage self-care needs.

Middle-range Nursing Theories

Limited scope, address a specific nursing phenomenon.
Patricia Benner's Novice to Expert Theory: How nurses progress in skill and proficiency.
Pender's Health Promotion Model: Encourages patients to take steps to improve health.

Practice-Level Nursing Theories

Very specific, daily nursing actions.
Theory of Wound Healing: Focuses on specific steps for wound healing.
Postpartum Depression Theory: Assisting new mothers experiencing postpartum depression.

Nursing Theorists

Florence Nightingale (Environmental Theory)
Hildegard Peplau (Interpersonal Relations)
Virginia Henderson (Nursing Need Theory)
Faye Glenn Abdellah (21 Nursing Problems Theory)
Ida Jean Orlando (Nursing Process Theory)
Myra Estrin Levine (Conservation Model)
Joyce Travelbee (Human-to-Human Relationship Model)
Betty Neuman (System Model)
Sister Callista Roy (Adaptation Model)
Dorothea Orem (Self-Care Theory)

Nursing Models

Maternal Role Attainment Theory (Ramona Mercer): Framework for mother and baby interactions.
Self-Efficacy Theory (Alberta Bandura): personal factors to influence self-efficacy.
Life Perspective Rhythm Model (Joyce Fitzpatrick): Taxonomy for nursing concepts enhancing development.
Health Promotion Model (Nola Pender): Increasing patient's well-being.
Gordon's Functional Health Patterns Model: Patterns to collect patient data.
Virginia Henderson's 14 Needs: Model for daily nursing actions.
Roper-Logan-Tierney Model

Continuing Evolution of Nursing Theory

Nursing practice is rooted in legal and theoretical foundations.
Key nurse theorists shape modern practice and research.
Understanding concepts and theories is essential for superior practice and patient outcomes.

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Description

Test your understanding of key concepts in nursing ethics and theories. This quiz covers informed consent, liability, and various nursing theories including their roles and implications in practice. Assess your knowledge on the essential components that shape nursing care and promote patient recovery.