Nursing Ethics and Patient Advocacy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What principle is exemplified when a nursing student advocates for a patient’s needs by communicating observations to an instructor?

  • Confidentiality
  • Accountability
  • Advocacy (correct)
  • Responsibility

When a nursing student makes a mistake in documenting a patient's blood pressure, which ethical principle do they follow by informing their instructor?

  • Responsibility
  • Accountability (correct)
  • Confidentiality
  • Advocacy

How can values clarification aid in resolving ethical dilemmas?

  • It provides a definitive solution to all ethical conflicts.
  • It encourages strong personal opinions to dominate the discussion.
  • It eliminates all values from the decision-making process.
  • It helps to identify conflicting values between individuals. (correct)

Why is confidentiality critical in nursing practice?

<p>It builds trust and ensures the patient's privacy is protected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do nurses often engage with patients over longer periods compared to other healthcare disciplines?

<p>They build continuous relationships and gather detailed patient histories. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of ethical discourse does values clarification specifically address?

<p>The distinction between facts and opinions regarding values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation would a nursing student's responsibility principle be tested?

<p>Administering medication and verifying it is the right one and dose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcome can ethical dilemmas typically cause for both patients and caregivers?

<p>Controversy and distress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of autonomy in health care emphasize?

<p>Involvement of patients in their care decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle in health ethics is fundamentally about helping others?

<p>Beneficence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does resolving an ethical dilemma require beyond considering people’s wants and feelings?

<p>Applying a systematic approach similar to the nursing process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of non-maleficence in health care ethics?

<p>Avoiding actions that cause harm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is NOT one of the standards of ethics in health care?

<p>Profitability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does justice primarily deal with in health care?

<p>Access to health care resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fidelity in nursing ethics refers to what commitment?

<p>Keeping promises to patients regarding care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical issue is raised by genetic screening?

<p>It can reveal conditions after the legal abortion period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a professional code of ethics in nursing?

<p>To guide professionals in ethical practice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do quality-of-life measures aim to evaluate?

<p>The value and benefits of medical interventions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key step in resolving an ethical dilemma?

<p>Determining if it is indeed an ethical dilemma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the principle of non-maleficence?

<p>Balancing risks and benefits of care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of health care does the term 'futile' refer to?

<p>Interventions unlikely to produce benefit for a patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic term in health ethics?

<p>Compassion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the nurse's role in ethical dilemmas?

<p>A nurse's perspective offers a unique voice in resolving dilemmas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the process of values clarification in nursing?

<p>Exploring and respecting diverse values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does eye contact during conversation signify?

<p>Respect and a willingness to listen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a nurse approach a patient's personal space?

<p>Move confidently but respectfully into the space as needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SBAR stand for in health care communication?

<p>Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of behaviors are considered lateral violence?

<p>Withholding information and making snide remarks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a key aspect of courtesy in professional communication?

<p>Introducing yourself and stating your purpose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to use first names in a professional setting?

<p>With infants, young children, confused patients, or close team members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of maintaining eye level in communication?

<p>To indicate equality in the relationship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of discourteous behavior by a nurse?

<p>Increased barriers between nurse and patient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the sender play in communication?

<p>The sender is responsible for encoding and delivering the message. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is medical jargon potentially problematic in healthcare communication?

<p>It can be confusing and inaccessible to patients unfamiliar with healthcare settings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of feedback in the communication process?

<p>To confirm the receiver's understanding of the sender's message. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can negatively affect the communication environment?

<p>Interruptions and distractions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can using multiple channels contribute to better understanding in communication?

<p>It reduces the risk of misunderstandings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these elements is NOT a part of the communication process?

<p>Motivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important aspect of verbal communication according to the content?

<p>Vocabulary and language used. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the communication process different when a patient seeks help for difficulty breathing compared to hunger?

<p>The sender's message is more urgent in the case of difficulty breathing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'pacing' in verbal communication?

<p>Adjusting the speed and tone of speech to suit the situation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary message conveyed by the phrase "Your hepatitis B antibody result is positive"?

<p>The patient has been infected with hepatitis B in the past and has developed immunity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective verbal communication?

<p>Using technical jargon. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of meaning is typically conveyed through body cues in nonverbal communication?

<p>55% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT an example of nonverbal communication?

<p>Writing a letter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the best time for patient interaction?

<p>When the patient expresses interest in communicating. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is personal appearance important in communication?

<p>It provides a general impression of a person's health and emotional state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest about the importance of facial expressions in communication?

<p>Facial expressions are a powerful tool for communication and can convey various emotions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Beneficence

The act of taking positive steps to help others. This is central to the field of healthcare, as professionals are expected to actively contribute to the well-being of their patients.

Autonomy

The commitment to include patients in all healthcare decisions, respecting their right to choose their own care.

Non-maleficence

A fundamental ethical principle that guides healthcare professionals to avoid causing harm to patients.

Justice

The principle of fairness in distributing access to healthcare resources. It's about ensuring equal opportunities for healthcare based on need, not privilege.

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Fidelity

The willingness to uphold promises and commitments made to patients, such as following through on care plans.

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Code of Ethics

A set of ethical guidelines that all members of a profession agree to follow, providing a framework for ethical practice and behavior.

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ANA Code of Ethics

A specific code of ethical guidelines established by the American Nurses Association to guide and govern the conduct of nurses in their practice.

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Communication and Nurse-Patient Relationship

The ability of healthcare professionals to communicate effectively with patients, fostering a positive and trusting relationship.

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Responsibility (in Nursing)

Taking responsibility for your actions and decisions as a nurse, even if mistakes occur.

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Advocacy (in Nursing)

Speaking up for a patient when their needs are not being met.

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Confidentiality (in Nursing)

Protecting sensitive patient information, sharing it only with authorized healthcare professionals.

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Values Clarification

The process of becoming aware of one's own values and how they influence decisions.

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Ethical Dilemma

Occurs when conflicting values are present, causing distress for patients and caregivers.

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Nursing Point of View

The unique perspective that nurses bring to patient care, often based on extended interactions and detailed understanding of the patient's situation.

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Processing an Ethical Dilemma

The process of carefully considering and resolving ethical dilemmas in a systematic and thoughtful manner.

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Futile Care

Interventions, such as medical treatments, that are unlikely to benefit a patient and may cause unnecessary pain or suffering.

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Sender in communication

The person who creates and sends the message (e.g., nurse).

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Receiver in communication

The person who receives and interprets the message (e.g., patient).

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Message in communication

The actual content of the message, which can be spoken, written, or nonverbal (e.g., body language, facial expressions).

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Channel in communication

The method used to deliver the message, such as spoken words, written text, or touch (e.g., a nurse's comforting hand).

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Feedback in communication

The response the receiver gives to the sender, showing understanding or misunderstanding of the message (e.g., nodding, asking for clarification).

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Environment in communication

The surroundings where communication takes place, which can influence the effectiveness of the message (e.g., a quiet room versus a noisy room).

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Verbal communication

The use of spoken or written words to convey information (e.g., instructions, explanations).

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Medical jargon

Specialized vocabulary used by healthcare professionals, which can be difficult for patients to understand.

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Denotative Meaning

The literal meaning of a word, shared by everyone who speaks the language.

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Connotative Meaning

The emotional or personal meaning associated with a word, which can vary between individuals.

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Pacing

The speed or pace of speech.

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Clarity and Brevity

Using clear, concise language to avoid confusion.

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Timing and Relevance

Choosing the right time and context for communication.

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Nonverbal Communication

Communication that doesn't involve spoken or written words.

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Personal Appearance

The way a person looks, including physical characteristics, facial expressions, and dress.

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Facial Expression

How someone's face expresses emotions like surprise, anger, sadness, etc.

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Eye Contact in Communication

The act of looking directly into someone's eyes during conversation, showing respect and willingness to listen. It's important to be aware of cultural differences in eye contact interpretation.

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Personal Space in Healthcare

The invisible, personal space surrounding individuals that varies based on cultural norms. Nurses often enter patients' personal space due to the nature of care.

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Effective Communication in Healthcare Teams

Clear, concise, and consistent communication with the healthcare team is essential for patient safety, especially in emergency situations. Using standardized tools like SBAR can help prevent misunderstandings.

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Lateral Violence in Healthcare

Unprofessional behavior between colleagues, including withholding information, gossiping, and nonverbal negative expressions, that harms the work environment. Zero tolerance is essential for a positive workplace.

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Courtesy and Kindness in Healthcare

A crucial element of professional communication, including basic courtesies like greetings, introductions, and politeness. It fosters a respectful and positive work environment.

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Using Names in Healthcare Communication

Introducing yourself and addressing patients and colleagues by name demonstrates respect for individual dignity. However, use first names with caution, especially for vulnerable patients.

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Nonverbal Communication in Healthcare

Nonverbal communication, including subtle expressions like a slight change in facial muscles, conveys a lot of information. Pay attention to these cues to understand patients' true feelings and needs.

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Study Notes

Ethics in Communication & Nurse-Patient Relationships

  • Ethics in healthcare focuses on what is good and valuable for individuals and society.
  • The American Nurses Association (ANA) code of ethics guides professional nursing practice, emphasizing accountability, responsibility, advocacy, and confidentiality.
  • Key ethical principles include autonomy (patient's right to make decisions), beneficence (acting to help others), non-maleficence (do no harm), respect for justice (equal access to resources), and fidelity (keeping promises).

Basic Terms in Health Ethics

  • Autonomy: The patient's ability to make their own decisions about their care, including surgical procedures' risks and benefits. Informed consent documents this respect for autonomy.
  • Beneficence: Taking positive actions to help others. Beneficence underpins nursing and medical practices.
  • Non-maleficence: Avoiding harm or hurt. Ethical practice in healthcare involves a commitment to do good and do no harm. Health professionals balance risks and benefits of care while minimizing harm.
  • Justice: Ensuring equal access to resources and equitable care for all, including considerations for health insurance, hospital locations/services, and organ transplants.
  • Fidelity: Keeping promises and following through on actions and interventions. If a nurse promises a plan and action toward a patient's needs, they have a commitment to follow through.

Professional Nursing Code of Ethics

  • Codes of ethics act as guidelines for professional groups in resolving questions/concerns about correct practices and behaviors.
  • The ANA established the first nursing code decades ago and regularly revises it to reflect practice changes.
  • Advocacy involves communicating observations and advocating for the patient's needs when a doctor's care doesn't meet the patient's needs; this is a nursing student's responsibility.
  • Maintaining confidentiality should be upheld. Do not share patient information with friends or colleagues outside the healthcare team.

Values in Health Care

  • Values reflect cultural and social influences and evolve over time.
  • Value clarification is vital in ethical discussions involving conflicting values, ensuring respect for differing perspectives and beliefs. Healthcare professionals must clarify their own and everyone's (patients and coworkers) values to better engage in ethical discourse.

Nursing Point of View

  • Nurses often engage with patients for extended periods, enabling insight into their family life, coping mechanisms, personal preferences, and concerns.
  • Understanding a patient's background helps provide empathetic and effective care.

Processing Ethical Dilemmas

  • Ethical dilemmas cause distress and disagreements for all actors involved.
  • Solving an ethical conflict mirrors the nursing process, focusing on gathering information, clarifying values and opinions, and formulating/negotiating a solution.

Issues in Health Care Ethics

  • Quality of life considerations are crucial in discussions regarding cancer treatment, futile care, health care provider-assisted suicide, and DNR decisions; a patient's values need to be considered in these discussions.
  • Genetic screening creates ethical dilemmas since these tests are done later in the development process than a decision on abortion.
  • Access to care is also a core ethical issue in healthcare.

Communication and Nursing Practice

  • Effective communication is essential for patient-centered care, to collect data, educate patients, and collaborate with the team.
  • Breakdown in communication among healthcare teams leads to errors.
  • Effective team communication and collaboration skills are crucial for patient safety and care quality.

Developing Communication Skills

  • Individual perception is shaped by senses and cultural/educational background.
  • Effective communication techniques are essential but applying them is often challenging. Communication about specific diagnoses like cancer or end-of-life care can be especially demanding.
  • Communication in the nursing practice often involves different levels such as: interpersonal, small group, and public communications.

Basic Elements of the Communication Process

  • Referent: Triggers communication.
  • Sender: Encodes and delivers the message.
  • Receiver: Decodes the message.
  • Message: The content of the communication.
  • Channel: The method of communication.
  • Feedback: The receiver's response.
  • Environment: The context in which communication occurs.

Forms of Communication-Verbal

  • Vocabulary: Medical jargon can present difficulties for patients and other healthcare professionals unfamiliar with the specific terminology.
  • Denotative and Connotative Meaning: Shared understanding of meaning through words.
  • Pacing and Tone: Clear and slow speech is important.
  • Clarity and Brevity: Conveying information in a clear and concise manner promotes understanding.
  • Timing and Relevance: Effective communication timing is critical regarding a patient's pain/emotional state.

Forms of Communication-Nonverbal

  • Personal Appearance: Appearance can provide insight into a patient's condition.
  • Facial Expression: Facial expressions are crucial communication tools.
  • Eye Contact: Eye contact conveys respect and equality.
  • Personal Space: Respecting the patient's personal space is vital.

Nurse-Health Care Team Relationships

  • Effective team communication is paramount in healthcare.
  • Using standardized communication tools (e.g., SBAR) can help improve the coordination between team members.
  • Zero tolerance is needed regarding lateral violence between medical personnel.

Elements of Professional Communication

  • Courtesy/Kindness: Be respectful and polite in interactions.
  • Use of Names: Address each other professionally (e.g., Dr., Mr., Ms.) unless otherwise directed. Avoid diagnosis, room numbers, or other identifying details that are not relevant or that are demeaning.

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Related Documents

Ethics, Communication and Nursing Practice PDF

Description

This quiz explores key ethical principles in nursing practice, including autonomy, non-maleficence, and values clarification. It examines how these principles guide nursing students in advocating for patients and addressing ethical dilemmas in healthcare. Test your understanding of these critical concepts and their application in real-world scenarios.

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