60 Questions
What is the primary focus of primary prevention?
Reducing the incidence of disease
Which of the following is an example of a nonmodifiable risk factor?
Family history
What is the main goal of health education?
To help people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks
What is the term for the process of identifying risk factors and implementing strategies to change health behaviors?
Risk factor identification and changing health behaviors
What is the term for the stage in which a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible?
Tertiary prevention
What is the term for the factors that increase the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident?
Risk factors
What is the term for the process of helping individuals maintain or enhance their present health?
Health promotion
What is the term for the process of protecting people from actual or potential threats to health?
Illness prevention
What is the model that describes the stages of change?
Transtheoretical Model of Change
What is the term for the factors that are related to an individual's background and upbringing?
Intellectual background
What is a characteristic of a chronic illness?
It has a severe impact on functioning
Which type of illness has a severe impact on functioning?
Chronic illness
What is illness behavior?
The way people monitor their bodies and define their symptoms
What is an internal variable that influences illness and illness behavior?
Genetic predisposition
What is a common impact of illness on the patient's self-concept?
Changes in self-concept
What is a way to care for oneself physically?
Eating a nutritious diet
What is a common impact of illness on family roles?
Changes in family roles
What is a type of illness that affects a person's emotional functioning?
Mental illness
What is an external variable that influences illness and illness behavior?
Cultural background
What is a way to care for oneself emotionally?
Engaging in exercise and relaxation activities
What is the primary goal of Healthy People 2030?
To promote a society in which all people live long, healthy lives
What is the definition of health according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
What is the main purpose of models of health and illness?
To explain complex concepts or ideas
What is the Health Belief Model primarily used for?
To understand health beliefs and how they influence health
What is considered in the Holistic Health Model?
Emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of wellness
What can influence health beliefs and practices?
Various variables, including intergenerational, environmental, and socioeconomic variables
What is the main difference between health and wellness?
Health refers to the absence of disease, while wellness refers to a state of complete well-being
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs used for?
To understand the interrelationships of human needs
What can health beliefs be based on?
Reality or false expectations, facts or misinformation, good or bad experiences
What can be influenced by health beliefs?
Health positively or negatively
Which of the following internal variables influences illness and illness behavior?
Perception of functioning
What is the primary goal of tertiary prevention?
To reduce the impact of permanent or irreversible defects or disabilities
What is the focus of secondary prevention?
To prevent the spread of disease
What is the purpose of health risk appraisal forms?
To identify risk factors
What is the term for the state in which a person's physical, emotional, or social functioning is impaired?
Illness
What is the term for the factors that increase the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident?
Risk factors
What is the focus of health promotion?
To enhance health and wellness
What is the Transtheoretical Model of Change primarily used for?
To understand the stages of change
What is the term for the process of identifying risk factors and implementing strategies to change health behaviors?
Risk factor modification
What is the primary focus of health education?
To help people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks
Which type of illness would most likely have a short duration and severe impact on functioning?
Acute illness
What type of variable influences illness and illness behavior from within the individual?
Internal variable
Which of the following is a common impact of illness on the patient's family?
Impact on family dynamics
What is the primary focus of caring for oneself?
Maintaining physical, emotional, and intellectual well-being
What is the primary objective of Healthy People 2030?
To promote a society in which all people live long, healthy lives
Which of the following is an example of how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms?
Illness behavior
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), what is the definition of health?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
What type of illness would most likely affect a person's emotional functioning?
Emotional illness
What is the main purpose of models of health and illness?
To help explain complex concepts or ideas, such as health and illness
What is a common impact of illness on the patient's body image?
Change in body shape or appearance
What does the Health Belief Model primarily focus on?
A person's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness
What is considered in the Holistic Health Model?
Emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of wellness
Which of the following is a way to care for oneself physically?
Engaging in exercise and relaxation activities
What is a common impact of illness on the patient's social functioning?
Impact on social roles
What can influence health beliefs and practices?
Internal and external variables
Which of the following is a way to care for oneself emotionally?
Practicing relaxation techniques
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs used for?
To understand the interrelationships of human needs
What can health beliefs be based on?
False expectations, facts, misinformation, good or bad experiences
What is the main difference between health and wellness?
Health is a state of being free from disease, while wellness is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
What are leading health indicators?
High-priority health issues in the United States
Study Notes
Healthy People
- Provides evidence-based, 10-year national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease
- Healthy People 2030 promotes a society in which all people live long, healthy lives and identifies leading health indicators
Definition of Health
- A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947, 2018)
- A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle
Models of Health and Illness
- Health beliefs: a person's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness, influenced by reality, false expectations, facts, misinformation, good or bad experiences
- Health Belief Model: explains how people perceive and respond to health messages
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: used to understand the interrelationships of human needs
- Holistic Health Model: considers emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of wellness
Variables Influencing Health
- Internal variables:
- Developmental stage
- Intellectual background
- Perception of functioning
- Emotional factors
- Spiritual factors
- External variables:
- Family role and practices
- Social determinants of health
- Culture
Health Promotion, Wellness, and Illness Prevention
- Health promotion: helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health
- Health education: helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks
- Illness prevention: protects people from actual or potential threats to health
Three Levels of Prevention
- Primary prevention: true prevention that reduces the incidence of disease
- Secondary prevention: focuses on preventing the spread of disease, illness, or infection once it occurs
- Tertiary prevention: occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible
Risk Factors
- Any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
- Nonmodifiable risk factors
- Modifiable risk factors
- Environment
Risk Factor Identification and Changing Health Behaviors
- Identify risk factors through assessment and health risk appraisal forms
- Implement education and counseling, wellness strategies, and understand the stages of change using the Transtheoretical Model of Change
Illness
- A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
- Acute illness: short duration and severe
- Chronic illness: lasts longer than 6 months and affects functioning
- Illness behavior: involves how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms
- Impact of illness on the patient and family, including behavioral and emotional changes, impact on body image, self-concept, family roles, and family dynamics
Caring for Yourself
- Eat a nutritious diet
- Get adequate sleep
- Engage in exercise and relaxation activities
- Establish a good work-family balance
- Engage in regular nonwork activities
Healthy People
- Provides evidence-based, 10-year national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease
- Healthy People 2030 promotes a society in which all people live long, healthy lives and identifies leading health indicators
Definition of Health
- A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947, 2018)
- A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle
Models of Health and Illness
- Health beliefs: a person's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness, influenced by reality, false expectations, facts, misinformation, good or bad experiences
- Health Belief Model: explains how people perceive and respond to health messages
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: used to understand the interrelationships of human needs
- Holistic Health Model: considers emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of wellness
Variables Influencing Health
- Internal variables:
- Developmental stage
- Intellectual background
- Perception of functioning
- Emotional factors
- Spiritual factors
- External variables:
- Family role and practices
- Social determinants of health
- Culture
Health Promotion, Wellness, and Illness Prevention
- Health promotion: helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health
- Health education: helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks
- Illness prevention: protects people from actual or potential threats to health
Three Levels of Prevention
- Primary prevention: true prevention that reduces the incidence of disease
- Secondary prevention: focuses on preventing the spread of disease, illness, or infection once it occurs
- Tertiary prevention: occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible
Risk Factors
- Any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
- Nonmodifiable risk factors
- Modifiable risk factors
- Environment
Risk Factor Identification and Changing Health Behaviors
- Identify risk factors through assessment and health risk appraisal forms
- Implement education and counseling, wellness strategies, and understand the stages of change using the Transtheoretical Model of Change
Illness
- A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
- Acute illness: short duration and severe
- Chronic illness: lasts longer than 6 months and affects functioning
- Illness behavior: involves how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms
- Impact of illness on the patient and family, including behavioral and emotional changes, impact on body image, self-concept, family roles, and family dynamics
Caring for Yourself
- Eat a nutritious diet
- Get adequate sleep
- Engage in exercise and relaxation activities
- Establish a good work-family balance
- Engage in regular nonwork activities
This quiz covers the fundamentals of health and wellness, including Healthy People 2030, a set of evidence-based national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease.
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