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Questions and Answers
A patient with GERD is experiencing severe pyrosis. Which lifestyle modification should the nurse suggest?
A patient with GERD is experiencing severe pyrosis. Which lifestyle modification should the nurse suggest?
A nurse is caring for a patient with a nasogastric tube receiving enteral nutrition. Which intervention is the highest priority to reduce the risk of aspiration?
A nurse is caring for a patient with a nasogastric tube receiving enteral nutrition. Which intervention is the highest priority to reduce the risk of aspiration?
Which of the following is a common complication of intravenous therapy that requires immediate attention?
Which of the following is a common complication of intravenous therapy that requires immediate attention?
The nurse is assessing a patient with melena. What is the most likely source of the bleeding?
The nurse is assessing a patient with melena. What is the most likely source of the bleeding?
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A patient with diarrhea is placed on the BRAT diet. Which food is appropriate for this diet?
A patient with diarrhea is placed on the BRAT diet. Which food is appropriate for this diet?
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Which of the following is an important step in managing constipation?
Which of the following is an important step in managing constipation?
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A patient is diagnosed with GERD. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention?
A patient is diagnosed with GERD. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention?
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In managing a patient with peptic ulcer disease, which medication is commonly prescribed?
In managing a patient with peptic ulcer disease, which medication is commonly prescribed?
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A nurse is educating a patient on the prevention of urinary tract infections. Which of the following should be included?
A nurse is educating a patient on the prevention of urinary tract infections. Which of the following should be included?
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Which assessment finding would indicate dehydration in a patient with diarrhea?
Which assessment finding would indicate dehydration in a patient with diarrhea?
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What is the primary goal of administering an enema?
What is the primary goal of administering an enema?
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Which symptom would suggest a complication in a patient receiving enteral nutrition?
Which symptom would suggest a complication in a patient receiving enteral nutrition?
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What type of urine sample is required for urinalysis?
What type of urine sample is required for urinalysis?
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Which electrolyte is primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body?
Which electrolyte is primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body?
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Which of the following symptoms is associated with GERD?
Which of the following symptoms is associated with GERD?
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A patient with a colostomy is being taught stoma care. Which statement indicates effective learning?
A patient with a colostomy is being taught stoma care. Which statement indicates effective learning?
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Which of the following foods should be avoided by a patient with diarrhea?
Which of the following foods should be avoided by a patient with diarrhea?
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What is the normal specific gravity range of urine?
What is the normal specific gravity range of urine?
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Which intervention should be included in the care plan for a patient with peptic ulcer disease?
Which intervention should be included in the care plan for a patient with peptic ulcer disease?
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A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of urinary tract infections. What is a common cause of UTI in females?
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of urinary tract infections. What is a common cause of UTI in females?
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A patient with GERD is advised to avoid which of the following foods?
A patient with GERD is advised to avoid which of the following foods?
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Which fluid balance indicator is crucial to monitor in patients with diarrhea?
Which fluid balance indicator is crucial to monitor in patients with diarrhea?
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Which of the following conditions can lead to metabolic acidosis?
Which of the following conditions can lead to metabolic acidosis?
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A nurse is educating a patient on increasing dietary fiber. Which food should be included?
A nurse is educating a patient on increasing dietary fiber. Which food should be included?
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A patient with an ileostomy needs to be monitored for which common complication?
A patient with an ileostomy needs to be monitored for which common complication?
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What is a priority nursing intervention for a patient with urinary retention?
What is a priority nursing intervention for a patient with urinary retention?
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Which symptom should be reported immediately in a patient receiving intravenous therapy?
Which symptom should be reported immediately in a patient receiving intravenous therapy?
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A nurse is assessing a patient with a jejunostomy tube. What is an important aspect of care?
A nurse is assessing a patient with a jejunostomy tube. What is an important aspect of care?
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Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with muscle cramps and weakness?
Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with muscle cramps and weakness?
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Which intervention is essential for preventing complications in a patient with a urinary catheter?
Which intervention is essential for preventing complications in a patient with a urinary catheter?
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A patient presents with symptoms of metabolic acidosis. Which lab result supports this diagnosis?
A patient presents with symptoms of metabolic acidosis. Which lab result supports this diagnosis?
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In a patient with constipation, which dietary recommendation is appropriate?
In a patient with constipation, which dietary recommendation is appropriate?
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What is a common symptom of urinary tract infection in older adults?
What is a common symptom of urinary tract infection in older adults?
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When assessing a patient with diarrhea, which electrolyte imbalance is a concern?
When assessing a patient with diarrhea, which electrolyte imbalance is a concern?
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A patient receiving enteral nutrition via gastrostomy tube is at risk for which complication?
A patient receiving enteral nutrition via gastrostomy tube is at risk for which complication?
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Which lifestyle change can help manage GERD symptoms?
Which lifestyle change can help manage GERD symptoms?
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What is the best way to assess fluid balance in a patient?
What is the best way to assess fluid balance in a patient?
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A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease reports sudden, severe abdominal pain. What should the nurse suspect?
A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease reports sudden, severe abdominal pain. What should the nurse suspect?
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Which dietary advice is appropriate for a patient with constipation?
Which dietary advice is appropriate for a patient with constipation?
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A patient with GERD is advised to elevate the head of the bed. This recommendation helps to:
A patient with GERD is advised to elevate the head of the bed. This recommendation helps to:
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Which condition can cause hematochezia?
Which condition can cause hematochezia?
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What is the normal pH range of urine?
What is the normal pH range of urine?
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What complication should be monitored for in a patient with a nasogastric tube?
What complication should be monitored for in a patient with a nasogastric tube?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Which symptom is commonly associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
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A nurse is assessing a patient with melena. What does this finding suggest?
A nurse is assessing a patient with melena. What does this finding suggest?
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A patient reports frequent heartburn and is diagnosed with GERD. Which advice should the nurse give?
A patient reports frequent heartburn and is diagnosed with GERD. Which advice should the nurse give?
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What is an important nursing intervention for a patient with diarrhea?
What is an important nursing intervention for a patient with diarrhea?
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A patient with chronic constipation is advised to increase their intake of which type of food?
A patient with chronic constipation is advised to increase their intake of which type of food?
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A nurse is educating a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement indicates understanding?
A nurse is educating a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement indicates understanding?
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Which finding in a urinalysis would indicate a potential urinary tract infection?
Which finding in a urinalysis would indicate a potential urinary tract infection?
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A patient is experiencing pyrosis. Which condition is most likely causing this symptom?
A patient is experiencing pyrosis. Which condition is most likely causing this symptom?
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When administering a cleansing enema, what is the appropriate position for the patient?
When administering a cleansing enema, what is the appropriate position for the patient?
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A nurse is educating a patient on fluid and electrolyte balance. Which symptom indicates hypernatremia?
A nurse is educating a patient on fluid and electrolyte balance. Which symptom indicates hypernatremia?
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In a patient with chronic constipation, which non-pharmacological intervention is recommended?
In a patient with chronic constipation, which non-pharmacological intervention is recommended?
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Which type of feeding tube is appropriate for long-term enteral nutrition?
Which type of feeding tube is appropriate for long-term enteral nutrition?
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A patient with diarrhea is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
A patient with diarrhea is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
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Which of the following is a primary function of potassium in the body?
Which of the following is a primary function of potassium in the body?
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A nurse is caring for a patient with a urinary catheter. Which practice helps prevent infection?
A nurse is caring for a patient with a urinary catheter. Which practice helps prevent infection?
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What is the significance of dark, tarry stools (melena)?
What is the significance of dark, tarry stools (melena)?
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Which condition is indicated by a high specific gravity of urine?
Which condition is indicated by a high specific gravity of urine?
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A patient with peptic ulcer disease is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor. The nurse knows this medication helps by:
A patient with peptic ulcer disease is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor. The nurse knows this medication helps by:
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Which practice helps prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?
Which practice helps prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?
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A nurse is teaching a patient with constipation about dietary changes. Which food should be avoided?
A nurse is teaching a patient with constipation about dietary changes. Which food should be avoided?
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Which of the following is a potential complication of an ostomy?
Which of the following is a potential complication of an ostomy?
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What is the first-line treatment for a patient with severe diarrhea?
What is the first-line treatment for a patient with severe diarrhea?
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Which symptom indicates a possible complication from intravenous therapy?
Which symptom indicates a possible complication from intravenous therapy?
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A patient with GERD is advised to avoid which type of food?
A patient with GERD is advised to avoid which type of food?
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What is the primary function of calcium in the body?
What is the primary function of calcium in the body?
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Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with cardiac arrhythmias?
Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with cardiac arrhythmias?
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A nurse is educating a patient with constipation. Which advice is most appropriate?
A nurse is educating a patient with constipation. Which advice is most appropriate?
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Study Notes
Lifestyle Modifications for GERD
- Suggest elevating the head of the bed to prevent regurgitation
- Advise eating smaller, more frequent meals to prevent reflux
- Encourage avoiding spicy foods, caffeine, and alcohol to reduce symptoms
Risk of Aspiration
- Ensure checking nasogastric (NG) tube placement before each feeding to prevent aspiration
- Regularly monitor for signs of aspiration: coughing, choking, or changes in respiratory function, and adjust feeding as needed.
Intravenous Therapy Complications
- Infiltration: A common complication; requires immediate attention
- Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein, may cause pain, redness, and swelling at the IV site.
Bleeding Source (Melena)
- Upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract: Most likely source of bleeding with melena
- Upper GI bleeding symptoms typically include vomiting blood or black, tarry stools.
BRAT Diet
- Applesauce, bananas, rice, and toast are appropriate for a BRAT diet during diarrhea
- The BRAT diet is a low-fiber diet, designed to be easily digested
Constipation Management
- Increase dietary fiber intake to improve regularity
- Encourage fluids to soften stool
- Encourage physical activity to promote bowel movements
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
- Drinking plenty of fluids helps prevent UTIs
- Maintaining good perineal hygiene is crucial to prevent UTI.
Dehydration Indicators
- Dry mucous membranes are a key indicator of dehydration
- Low blood pressure and rapid heart rate are also indicators of dehydration.
Enema Administration
- Administering an enema should aim to stimulate bowel movement.
- Position patient in left side-lying position
Dietary Recommendations for GERD
- Avoid foods that are acidic or trigger reflux
- Avoid large meals or lying down immediately after meals
Dietary Recommendations for Constipation
- Increase fiber intake gradually to avoid abdominal discomfort.
- Increase fluid intake
Dietary Recommendations for Diarrhea
- Stay hydrated
- Eat bland foods like bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (BRAT diet)
Ostomy Care
- Monitor for signs of infection
- Maintain a closed drainage system
- Teach proper stoma care and skin care techniques to patient as well as their family.
IV Therapy Complications
- Fever and chills: Requires immediate attention
- Assess for pain, swelling, tenderness, and warmth around IV site.
Electrolyte Imbalance
- Hypokalemia: Occurs with vomiting or diarrhea; manifests as muscle cramps, weakness, and cardiac arrhythmias.
- Monitor for signs, and seek treatment immediately.
- Hypernatremia: Occurs due to dehydration, and can present symptoms such as thirst, dry mouth and confusion.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
- Administer proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as prescribed to manage symptoms.
Urinary Retention
- Catheterization: A possible intervention
- Monitor I&O and check for bladder distention to evaluate urinary retention.
Managing GERD
- Avoid eating prior to bed time, to reduce reflux
- Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol or carbonated beverages
- Eat smaller, more frequent meals to reduce the amount of food in your stomach
- Elevate the head of bed during sleep.
Managing Constipation
- Consume high fiber foods.
- Consume adequate fluid intake to soften stools.
- Exercise regularly to stimulate bowel movements.
Managing Diarrhea
- Consult healthcare professional for appropriate medication and therapy to deal with severe diarrhea.
- Drink plenty of fluids (water and electrolyte solutions) to prevent dehydration.
Managing UTIs
- Ensure good hydration by consuming adequate fluids.
- Avoid tight clothing.
Lifestyle modifications for managing GERD include avoiding lying down immediately after eating, elevated head of the bed, smaller and more frequent meals.
Managing Stoma care
- Important to maintain cleanliness and avoid infections around the stoma.
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