The Nervous System

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Questions and Answers

What is the essential postoperative positioning for a patient who has undergone tympanoplasty?

Elevate the head of the bed to 30 degrees.

Elevate the head of the bed to 40 degrees with the operative side facing upward. (correct)

Place the patient in a supine position.

Maintain the patient in a sitting position.

Which of the following actions should a nurse take when assisting a blind patient walk in an unfamiliar environment?

Instruct the patient to keep their cane down.

Guide the patient using physical contact with the shoulder or elbow. (correct)

Allow the patient to walk quickly.

Encourage the patient to rely solely on auditory cues.

What is the priority nursing action for a patient with a suspected cervical spine injury in the emergency department?

Remove all immobilization devices.

Maintain proper head and neck alignment. (correct)

Administer pain medication to manage discomfort.

Perform a thorough neurological assessment immediately.

What action is contraindicated for a patient suspected of having a cervical spine injury?

Keeping the neck in a hyperextended position. Signup and view all the answers

What is typically included in the postoperative care for a patient after tympanoplasty?

Strict bed rest until the next morning. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of facilitating mobility for a blind patient, which approach is least effective?

Instructing the patient to memorize the layout. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to keep the head and neck in alignment for someone with a cervical spine injury?

To prevent further injury to the spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the management of a spinal cord injury?

Hyperextension of the neck is safe if the patient is alert. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of legal blindness?

Visual acuity of 20/200 or worse with corrective eyewear Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system consists of the somatic and autonomic divisions?

Peripheral nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the inability to recognize familiar objects or people due to sensory stimuli loss?

Agnosia Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse do first after a patient has had an enucleation of the right eye?

Apply a pressure dressing over the right eye socket Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention would be most beneficial for a patient with a stroke who has difficulty swallowing?

Tuck the chin while swallowing Signup and view all the answers

During a tonic-clonic seizure, what is the most appropriate nursing action?

Assist the patient to the floor and support the head Signup and view all the answers

In the event of high heart rate for a patient in neurological ICU, which patient condition requires immediate assessment?

Patient with increased intracranial pressure and high fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of initiating a 'drug holiday' for a patient with Parkinson disease?

To restart drugs at a lower dosage with favorable results Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of a patient diagnosed with apraxia?

Inability to carry out purposeful movements even with the desire to do so Signup and view all the answers

What should be the immediate action when a chemical splashes into someone's eyes?

Irrigate with normal saline solution for 20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms indicates a complication in a patient who has had a stroke?

Choking on thin liquids Signup and view all the answers

Upon noticing signs of warmth and a severe headache in a patient with a seizure disorder, what should the nurse prepare for?

A potential seizure to begin Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken first for a patient exhibiting signs of autonomic dysreflexia?

Assess for a kinked urinary catheter Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse document regarding a patient who has undergone eye surgery?

Dressing assessment every hour Signup and view all the answers

What is a prudent nursing intervention for a patient with high intracranial pressure?

Keep the head elevated Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is used to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for examination?

Lumbar puncture Signup and view all the answers

If a patient presents with a GCS of 6, what is the nurse's priority action?

Notify the physician immediately Signup and view all the answers

To get the most accurate response when interviewing a patient for neurologic symptoms, what question should be asked?

Can you describe the sensations you are having? Signup and view all the answers

What is the first symptom that may indicate the onset of macular degeneration?

Loss of central vision Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment is crucial for a patient recovering from an enucleation procedure?

Dressing integrity for infection Signup and view all the answers

When managing a patient who is legally blind, how should this information influence the nursing care plan?

Ensure safety measures and provide assistive devices Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is most appropriate when documenting patient responses about a neurologic issue?

Write direct quotes from the patient Signup and view all the answers

If a patient's blood pressure is found to be 180/90 mm Hg and they have a cervical spine injury, what might this suggest?

Signs of possible autonomic dysreflexia are present Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the key characteristic of an aura experienced by patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures?

An emotional disturbance such as fear Signup and view all the answers

When treating burns caused by a chemical splash, how long is prolonged irrigation typically recommended?

15 to 20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What action should a nurse take to best help a patient experiencing severe vertigo due to labyrinthitis?

Lie immobile and hold the head in one position until the vertigo lessens. Signup and view all the answers

How should a nurse approach an 83-year-old stroke patient with right hemiplegia to ensure the best visual field?

From the left side. Signup and view all the answers

What abnormal vital sign in a patient with head trauma should prompt immediate intervention?

Decreased heart rate and increased blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

In managing autonomic dysreflexia, which factor should be prioritized for assessment?

Presence of urinary retention Signup and view all the answers

For a patient diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, what is the most effective action to prevent the spread of infection?

Implement droplet precautions upon admission. Signup and view all the answers

How would a nurse document a patient's inability to discern the position of their body after a stroke?

Proprioception Signup and view all the answers

What can a nurse expect regarding flaccid paralysis following a recent spinal cord injury?

It is possibly a temporary condition and will clear. Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse ensure upon a child's admission with bacterial meningitis?

Place the child in respiratory isolation. Signup and view all the answers

How can a nurse assist a home health patient with a C5 spinal cord injury in maintaining independence?

Feed self with setup and adaptive equipment. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a common visual impairment following a stroke?

The patient may experience hemianopia affecting one half of the visual field. Signup and view all the answers

What must be emphasized during the nursing care of a patient undergoing the recovery phase from spinal shock?

Management of mobility and physical therapy. Signup and view all the answers

When treating a patient with bacterial meningitis, which precaution is most critical prior to transport?

Implement droplet precautions. Signup and view all the answers

What common complication may arise in patients after experiencing a stroke?

Loss of proprioceptive abilities. Signup and view all the answers

For a patient with hemiplegia, which defensive mechanism is most effective for avoiding injury?

Patient education on awareness of deficits. Signup and view all the answers

What nursing action is critical when faced with a patient who displays signs of neglect after a stroke?

Reassess for sensory perception issues. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes expressive aphasia in a stroke patient?

Understanding spoken words but difficulty in speaking. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the immediate hospitalization of a patient with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Risk of rapidly progressing respiratory failure. Signup and view all the answers

What position is best for a patient with decreased consciousness and increased intracranial pressure?

Neck in a neutral position. Signup and view all the answers

What common mistake can impede communication with a hearing-impaired patient?

Overaccentuating words while talking. Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention should a nurse prioritize for a patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 4 and increased ICP?

Give Mannitol 1 g intravenously. Signup and view all the answers

What is an early sign of increased intracranial pressure in a brain-injured patient?

Decrease in level of consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

The term for involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes is known as what?

Nystagmus. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the nurse's initial action for a TBI patient showing flaccid posturing three hours after decorticate posturing?

Notify the healthcare provider immediately. Signup and view all the answers

Which vital sign change is considered urgent in a patient with a closed head injury?

Intracranial pressure rising to 20 mm Hg. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a severe complication in a patient recovering from Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Rapid deterioration in muscle strength. Signup and view all the answers

What does a widening pulse pressure suggest in a patient with increased ICP?

Possible hemorrhagic stroke. Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism primarily explains the risk of respiratory failure in Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Severe muscular atrophy limiting diaphragm movement. Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is crucial for a patient experiencing nystagmus?

Encourage focus on a stationary object. Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse prioritize after identifying flaccid posturing in a client with TBI?

Notify the client’s health-care provider (HCP) Signup and view all the answers

What should postcataract patients avoid to prevent increasing intraocular pressure?

Lifting heavy objects Signup and view all the answers

During the use of an Amsler grid, what should the nurse instruct the patient to report?

Distortion of the grid lines Signup and view all the answers

In a patient who fell from a height, what is a crucial assessment to perform if there is bruising behind the ear?

Inspect the ears and nose for drainage Signup and view all the answers

Post cataract repair, what activity should a patient avoid?

Lifting heavy objects Signup and view all the answers

To help improve activity levels in a patient with Parkinson's disease, what should be recommended?

Clasp hands behind the back while walking Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the timing of signs and symptoms in a craniocerebral injury?

Symptoms may not show up for days Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary nursing action before a myelogram procedure?

Obtain an allergy history Signup and view all the answers

What is the best response when serosanguineous drainage is noted from a patient's nose after a motorcycle accident?

Perform a Tes-Tape glucose test Signup and view all the answers

If a newly blind male home health patient seeks assistance, what avenue should the nurse suggest?

American Foundation for the Blind Signup and view all the answers

What is the first sign that may indicate Bell's palsy?

Facial asymmetry on the affected side Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with spinal cord injury, what is the best immediate action for symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia?

Sit the patient upright and check blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms in a patient post-eye surgery might indicate Sjögren syndrome?

Grittiness in the eye and blurred vision Signup and view all the answers

Why is otitis media more common in children between 6 to 36 months?

Eustachian tubes are shorter and straighter Signup and view all the answers

Which action is inappropriate for a patient recovering from cataract surgery?

Engaging in strenuous exercise Signup and view all the answers

What does evidence of serous drainage from a patient's ears or nose indicate?

Potential tear in meninges Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse educate a patient on when using the Amsler grid?

Report any lines that appear wavy Signup and view all the answers

What should always be checked before administering contrast media for imaging tests?

Allergy to contrast dye Signup and view all the answers

What should nurses recommend to help reduce risk while walking in a patient with Parkinson's disease?

Using a walker or assistance device Signup and view all the answers

What symptom indicates a potential risk of retinal problems during an eye examination?

Noticing distortion in line patterns Signup and view all the answers

How should a nurse respond if a patient exhibits symptoms of a subdural hematoma after a head injury?

Report symptoms to a physician immediately Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to Sjögren syndrome after eye surgeries?

Use of certain medications Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a patient presenting with 'goose flesh' and flushing of the neck?

Autonomic dysreflexia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings after eye surgery should be reported to a healthcare provider?

Stringy mucus discharge Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding closed versus open injuries to the head?

Open injuries are always more serious Signup and view all the answers

What role do neurotransmitters play in the nervous system?

They are responsible for impulse transmission between synapses. Signup and view all the answers

In the presence of periorbital edema after head trauma, what underlying condition may need to be assessed?

Meningeal tear Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is often the first to develop in cases of a herniated intervertebral disk?

Radiating pain down the limbs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of photocoagulation for a patient with diabetic retinopathy?

To destroy new blood vessels and seal leaking ones. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to obtain an allergy history before a myelogram?

To prevent adverse reactions to the contrast dye. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the period of deep sleep following a tonic-clonic seizure?

Postictal period Signup and view all the answers

How soon must t-PA be administered to a patient for it to be effective?

Within 3 hours of symptom onset Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of acute angle closure glaucoma?

Large fixed pupil Signup and view all the answers

What instruction would be appropriate for a patient with Parkinson's disease to improve their activity level?

To walk with hands clasped behind the back. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary consideration in postoperative care following a tympanoplasty?

Ensuring the operative side is elevated. Signup and view all the answers

What does an elevated head of bed position help achieve after tympanoplasty?

Minimizes swelling and promotes drainage. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of Parkinson's disease?

Increased reflexes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome expected from the use of t-PA?

Dissolution of blood clots. Signup and view all the answers

What significant event does the postictal period represent?

The recovery phase after a seizure. Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is most likely to benefit from photocoagulation?

Patients with diabetic retinopathy. Signup and view all the answers

What underlying condition may necessitate a myelogram?

Herniated intervertebral disk Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for placing a child with bacterial meningitis in respiratory isolation?

To reduce the risk of spreading the infection. Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical characteristic of children's eustachian tubes contributes to the frequency of otitis media in children aged 6 to 36 months?

They are shorter and straighter. Signup and view all the answers

After a left vitrectomy, what is the critical requirement for the patient's positioning?

Assume a face-down position for 4 to 5 days. Signup and view all the answers

What does flaccid paralysis following a spinal cord injury indicate regarding the potential for recovery?

It is likely a temporary condition. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the oculocephalic reflex test in unconscious patients?

Intact reflex results in eye movement opposite to head movement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial response required when a chemical splash occurs in the eyes?

Irrigate with saline solution for 20 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common age-related changes in the nervous system of older adults?

Decreased oxygen metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

What finding in an unconscious patient would indicate damage to the brainstem during an oculocephalic reflex test?

Eyes that remain fixed regardless of head movement. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about otitis media in children is accurate?

Go hand-in-hand with frequent upper respiratory infections. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of eye irrigation after a chemical splash, what is considered the most critical factor?

The duration of irrigation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs might indicate a disruption of normal brainstem functioning?

Eye movements corresponding with head movement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary management strategy for a patient post-tympanoplasty?

Enforcing bed rest for 72 hours. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes craniocerebral trauma?

Injury to the scalp, skull, and brain tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What factor can influence the presence of flaccid paralysis in a spinal cord injury?

Time since the injury occurred. Signup and view all the answers

When assessing patients' neurological changes with age, which observation is likely?

Presence of lipofuscin deposits. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of photocoagulation in treating diabetic retinopathy?

Destroying new blood vessels and sealing leaks. Signup and view all the answers

When an older adult experiences headaches and difficulty chewing, which condition should the nurse assess for?

External otitis. Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is indicated for a child with suspected bacterial meningitis awaiting treatment?

Isolate the child from others to prevent infection. Signup and view all the answers

Why should teenagers wear dark sunglasses when using a UV lamp?

To avoid potential cataracts caused by UV exposure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for a patient experiencing severe vertigo from labyrinthitis?

Lie immobile and hold the head in one position. Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial sign of macular degeneration?

Loss of central vision. Signup and view all the answers

How do miotic eye drops assist patients with glaucoma?

By constricting the pupil to facilitate drainage. Signup and view all the answers

What nursing action is appropriate when assessing clear drainage from the nose of a patient with a suspected basilar skull fracture?

Place a nasal drip pad under the nose. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the effect of UV exposure on eyes?

It can directly cause cataracts over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom would most likely NOT be associated with external otitis?

Clear drainage from the ear. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of macular degeneration compared to other eye conditions?

It causes slow loss of central vision. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of elevating the head of the bed for postoperative tympanoplasty patients?

To promote better healing and reduce pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What outcome should the nurse expect when administering miotic eye drops to a glaucoma patient?

Increased drainage of intraocular fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines expressive aphasia in a stroke patient?

Understanding spoken words but difficulty speaking. Signup and view all the answers

What role do neurotransmitters play in the nervous system?

They transmit impulses between synapses. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a patient with altered neurological status, what is the priority nursing action?

Increase the frequency of neurological assessments. Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient with a craniocerebral injury, what is an important consideration?

Symptoms may present several days post-injury. Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse avoid when communicating with a hearing-impaired patient?

Overaccentuating words. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with bacterial meningitis?

Implement seizure precautions due to increased risk. Signup and view all the answers

Which common mistake can impact effective communication with a hearing-impaired patient?

Positioning oneself at a distance when speaking. Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial to assess in a patient shortly after a head injury?

Changes in their level of consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

What should be a focus when caring for a patient with expressive aphasia?

Encouraging the patient to write. Signup and view all the answers

What method aids in safely guiding a blind person in a hospital?

Holding their elbow or shoulder. Signup and view all the answers

In managing a patient with an increased risk of seizures due to infection, which intervention is least effective?

Administering frequent pain medications. Signup and view all the answers

When providing care for a patient recovering from a motorcycle crash, what is the key assessment indicator?

Changes in neurological status. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the cranial nerves is correct after a brain injury?

Damage can impact sensory and motor functions. Signup and view all the answers

In addressing the care plan for a patient with meningitis, which of the following is a priority?

Regularly monitor for seizures and neurological changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the period called that follows a seizure and involves a rest phase for the patient?

Postictal period Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a patient's inability to assess the spatial position of their body after a stroke?

Proprioception Signup and view all the answers

When managing a patient with bacterial meningitis, what is the most critical action to take to prevent infection spread?

Implement droplet precautions upon admission. Signup and view all the answers

Which patient should a charge nurse prioritize for evaluation based on risk factors?

A patient with a complete spinal injury at the C5 dermatome level Signup and view all the answers

What neurological issue is indicated by a total or partial loss of the ability to recognize familiar objects or people?

Agnosia Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to describe a nursing action for a patient recovering from bacterial meningitis?

Implement contact precautions in addition to droplet precautions. Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is most likely to arise in patients after a stroke affecting their control of bodily movements?

Hemiplegia Signup and view all the answers

What does a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 indicate in a patient?

Fully alert and orientated Signup and view all the answers

What is a nursing action to prioritize in a patient exhibiting signs of neglect after experiencing a stroke?

Provide frequent reminders and cues during activities. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may require droplet precautions for its prevention?

Bacterial meningitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early sign of Alzheimer's disease?

Memory loss that disrupts daily life Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eye is most internal?

Choroid Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse prioritize when caring for a patient with elevated temperature and closed head injury?

Administer antipyretics Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is essential for a patient suspected of having a cervical spine injury?

Maintain proper head and neck alignment Signup and view all the answers

In visual acuity measured at 20/40, what distance can the patient see compared to normal vision?

40 ft Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood that corticosteroids can assist in reducing cerebral edema related to meningitis?

They may be beneficial Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a potential complication for a patient with a cervical spine injury?

Continuous high blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the best nursing action if a blood pressure of 160/90 mm Hg is recorded after starting nicardipine?

Notify the Registered Nurse Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of hyperextension of the neck in a patient with suspected cervical spine injury?

Increased risk of spinal cord damage Signup and view all the answers

Which vital sign assessment would be most concerning for a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Blood pressure of 170/100 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What critical role does proper head alignment play for a patient with cervical spine injury?

Reduces spinal cord damage risk Signup and view all the answers

What should be performed first when a patient has a suspected cervical spine injury?

Stabilize the cervical spine Signup and view all the answers

What symptom would most likely indicate an elevated intracranial pressure in a head injury patient?

Increased temperature Signup and view all the answers

In a patient care scenario, which statement reflects the priority intervention when a patient suddenly presents with a fever?

Provide cool compresses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing intervention when a patient with a spinal cord injury shows symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia?

Sit upright and check blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the priority nursing action prior to administering a myelogram?

Obtain an allergy history before the test. Signup and view all the answers

Which action defines a 'drug holiday' in the treatment of Parkinson disease?

Restart drugs at a lower dosage with favorable results. Signup and view all the answers

How are results reported on the FOUR score coma scale?

As individual scores in each category. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which the lens of the eye adjusts to focus on the retina?

Accommodation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action a nurse should take for a patient who has just suffered a tonic-clonic seizure?

Ensure the patient's safety and prevent injury. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of avoiding heavy lifting after cataract surgery?

To reduce intraocular pressure Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with diabetes retinopathy?

Blurred vision Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to address a family member's concern about a patient's deep sleep following a seizure?

Explain that deep sleep is a common postictal state. Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a priority for a patient with a central venous pressure (CVP) of 2 mm Hg and low blood pressure?

500 mL albumin intravenous infusion. Signup and view all the answers

What action should a nurse take first for a patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3?

Secure and maintain an open airway Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic sign of autonomic dysreflexia?

Excessive perspiration above the injury Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception may arise regarding a C5 spinal cord injury's impact on patient independence?

Patients can drive with adaptive supports. Signup and view all the answers

In managing a patient with a suspected cervical spine injury, which action should be done first?

Stabilize the patient's head and neck Signup and view all the answers

What nursing action should be emphasized when caring for a patient in the recovery phase from spinal shock?

Frequent blood pressure monitoring. Signup and view all the answers

What primary risk does a patient face following a major head injury indicated by a low Glasgow Coma Scale score?

Risk of aspiration Signup and view all the answers

In the context of assessing a neurologically compromised patient, which assessment priority is crucial?

Assessing respiratory status frequently. Signup and view all the answers

What complication should be closely monitored after a patient undergoes tympanoplasty?

Hearing loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common characteristic of an aura in patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures?

A preceding feeling of fear or anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is typically focused on for patients experiencing autonomic dysreflexia?

Identifying and correcting the triggering cause Signup and view all the answers

Which precaution is most critical for nurses to take when transporting a patient diagnosed with bacterial meningitis?

Wearing personal protective equipment. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication following stroke that nurses should monitor for?

Urinary incontinence. Signup and view all the answers

After spinal cord injury at level C5, the patient is most likely to retain which level of function?

Ability to perform daily living tasks with assistance Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding would indicate a potential complication in a patient with increased intracranial pressure?

Worsening headache Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method in preventing further damage after identifying a kinked urinary catheter in a patient with autonomic dysreflexia?

Reposition the catheter Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hearing loss is primarily addressed by tympanoplasty?

Conductive hearing loss Signup and view all the answers

What vital sign changes might indicate potential complications in a patient with severe head trauma?

Elevated blood pressure with bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of a patient with functional paralysis following a spinal cord injury?

Inconsistent movement in limbs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Postoperative Tympanoplasty Care

Postoperative management requires bed rest until the next morning.
Elevate the head of the bed by 40 degrees with the operative side facing upward.

Assisting a Blind Patient

Describe the surroundings and give verbal cues about the environment.
Encourage the patient to ask for verbal cues while walking.
Ensure the patient holds onto the nurse's shoulder or elbow for guidance.

Emergency Cervical Spine Injury Management

Align the head and neck to prevent spinal cord damage.
Do not remove the cervical collar unless instructed.
Hyperextension of the neck is contraindicated.

Drug Holiday in Parkinson's Disease

A drug holiday involves withdrawing all Parkinson medications.
The objective is to restart medications at a lower dosage with improved outcomes.

Chemical Eye Splash

Immediate action includes irrigating the eyes with normal saline solution for at least 20 minutes.
Prompt and prolonged irrigation is critical for mitigating eye damage.

Seizure Disorder and Auras

An aura may indicate an impending seizure; it can manifest as unusual sensations or emotions.
Recognize the signs to prepare for potential seizure activity.

Autonomic Dysreflexia in Spinal Injury

Symptoms can include severe headache and high blood pressure.
Assess for kinks in the urinary catheter and bowel impaction before administering medication.

Lumbar Puncture

This procedure is performed to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for testing or to relieve pressure.

Patient Interviewing in Neurology

Asking open-ended questions, like "Can you describe the sensations you are having?" yields the most valid responses.

Macular Degeneration

The first indication is the loss of central vision, often without immediate warning.

Legal Blindness Impact on Care

Legal blindness does not imply total blindness; insight into the level of usable vision is necessary for care planning.

Divisions of the Nervous System

The nervous system is divided into the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Alzheimer's and Object Recognition

The behavior of misusing objects, such as a napkin for eating instead of a fork, indicates agnosia.

Post-Enucleation Care

A pressure dressing is required over the right eye socket post-surgery.

Safe Swallowing Techniques for Stroke Patients

Tucking the chin while swallowing can assist in safe liquid intake and reduce choking risk.

Seizure Management

During a tonic-clonic seizure, assist the patient to the floor and provide head support to prevent injury.

Assessing High-Risk Patients

Prioritize assessment for patients with abnormal findings such as high intracranial pressure and elevated temperature.

Vertigo Management in Labyrinthitis

Recommend lying immobile and holding the head in one position to alleviate vertigo.

Approaching Neurological Patients

For patients with hemiplegia and potential hemianopia, approach from the nonparalyzed side for optimal interaction.

Infection Control in Meningitis

Implement droplet precautions immediately upon admission to prevent the spread of bacterial meningitis.

Body Position Awareness Post-Stroke

Loss of proprioception results in difficulties in spatial awareness of body position after a stroke.

Flaccid Paralysis After Spinal Injury

Flaccid paralysis can be temporary and is often labeled areflexia or spinal shock.

Bacterial Meningitis in Pediatric Care

Place the child in respiratory isolation upon arrival to mitigate the risk of spreading the infection.

Care for Spinal Cord Injury Patients

Care plans for patients with spinal injuries should reflect their mobility and balance capabilities.### Spinal Cord Injury and Neurological Assessments
C5 spinal cord injury allows independence in self-feeding with adaptive equipment and driving an electric wheelchair.
Expressive aphasia: patients can comprehend spoken and written language, but struggle to articulate speech.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) can progress rapidly to respiratory failure; immediate hospitalization is essential.
Decreasing consciousness and reacting pupils after head injury require the neck to be in a neutral position for optimal venous drainage.

Communication Considerations

Effective communication with hearing-impaired patients avoids overaccentuating words; a normal tone is preferred.
Involuntary eye movements, known as nystagmus, can be horizontal, vertical, or mixed, and cannot be controlled by the patient.

Immediate Nursing Interventions

For a patient with increased intracranial pressure, a decreased level of consciousness is a critical sign.
Mannitol is prioritized for lowering ICP in a patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 4, despite other treatments being required.
Flaccid posturing indicates severe neurological distress; immediate healthcare provider notification is necessary.

Assessment of Eye Conditions

Amsler grid testing requires patients to report any distortion in grid lines, indicating potential retinal disorders.
Post-cataract surgery, patients should avoid activities that raise intraocular pressure, like heavy lifting.

Patient Education in Vision Care

Sjögren syndrome often presents post-eye surgery, manifesting as "grittiness" and blurred vision due to dry eyes.
The American Foundation for the Blind can provide resources for newly blind patients seeking assistance.

Trauma and Craniocerebral Injuries

Individuals with craniocerebral injuries may not exhibit symptoms for days; monitoring is needed for delayed signs.
Checking for serous drainage from ears or nose in head-injured patients is crucial, as it can indicate spinal fluid leakage.
Autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injury patients manifests with flushing, headache, and severe hypertension; upright positioning is crucial for management.

Pediatric Considerations

Otitis media prevalence in children aged 6 to 36 months is linked to shorter Eustachian tubes, facilitating infection spread.

Neurotransmitters and Their Role

Neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) transmit impulses between synapses, critical for neurological function.

Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment

Photocoagulation aims to destroy new abnormal blood vessels in diabetic retinopathy, sealing leaks and preventing edema in the retina.### Procedure Guidelines and Patient Care
Patients must remain NPO (nothing by mouth) for 6 to 8 hours after tests involving dye injection.
Allergy history should be obtained prior to procedures involving contrast dyes, focusing on prior anaphylactic or hypotensive responses.
Post-procedure care may involve the use of heated blankets to maintain the patient's body temperature.

Seizure and Post-Seizure Care

Following a tonic-clonic seizure, patients enter a postictal period characterized by deep sleep and confusion.
This recovery phase varies in duration and can cause concern for family members.

Medication Administration

t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator) should be administered within 3 hours of symptom onset for maximum effectiveness in stroke treatment.

Parkinson's Disease Symptoms

The classic triad of Parkinson's disease includes tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma

Key signs include a large fixed pupil, eye pain, redness, decreased vision, nausea, and vomiting.

Patient Activity Improvement

Patients with Parkinson's disease should be advised to walk with hands clasped behind the back to aid balance.

Tympanoplasty Post-Op Care

Elevating the head of the bed with the operative side facing upward is crucial after tympanoplasty.

Definition of Craniocerebral Trauma

Craniocerebral trauma includes injuries to the scalp, skull, and brain tissues.

Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy

This procedure seals leaking blood vessels and destroys new abnormal vessels to prevent retinal edema.

External Otitis Assessment

Symptoms such as head pain and painful chewing may indicate external otitis, often due to cerumen impaction.

UV Exposure and Eye Protection

UV lamps can lead to cataract formation due to damage from UV light exposure.

Management of Severe Vertigo

For patients experiencing vertigo from labyrinthitis, lying immobile can alleviate symptoms.

Early Indications of Macular Degeneration

The initial sign of macular degeneration is the gradual loss of central vision.

Miotic Eye Drops in Glaucoma

Miotic drops cause pupil constriction, enhancing drainage through the canal of Schlemm.

CSF Leak Management

In suspected cerebrospinal fluid leaks, drainage should be unobstructed; nasal packing should not be used.

Bacterial Meningitis Protocol

Patients with bacterial meningitis require respiratory isolation to control potential transmission.

Pediatric Otitis Media

Children aged 6 to 36 months are more prone due to shorter, straighter eustachian tubes, facilitating infections.

Post-Vitrectomy Positioning

After left vitrectomy, patients must maintain a face-down position for 4 to 5 days.

Assessment Following Spinal Cord Injury

Flaccid paralysis after spinal cord injury may be temporary and is referred to as spinal shock.

Oculocephalic Reflex in Unconscious Patients

Testing the oculocephalic reflex involves checking for eye movement in response to head movement; absence indicates disruption in brainstem processing.

Chemical Eye Exposure Immediate Action

Chemical splashes in the eyes require immediate irrigation with normal saline for at least 20 minutes.

Aging Effects on Nervous System

Aging can lead to loss of neurons, decreased cerebral blood flow, presence of lipofuscin, and reduced oxygen usage.

Expressive Aphasia Understanding

Individuals with expressive aphasia can understand language but struggle to articulate words.

Neurotransmitter Function

Neurotransmitters are responsible for transmitting impulses between neurons at synapses.

Neurological Assessment in Critical Care

Frequent neurological assessments are vital for patients with altered neurological status following trauma.

Craniocerebral Injury Monitoring

Delay in symptoms after head trauma raises the suspicion of a subdural hematoma.

Communication Barriers with Hearing Impairment

Overaccentuation of words can hinder effective communication with hearing-impaired patients; normal tone and clear articulation are recommended.

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