Nursing Care Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What should a nurse recommend to a patient with a colostomy experiencing irritation around the stoma?

Use mild soap and water (correct)

Avoid cleaning the area frequently

Increase adhesive use

Apply alcohol-based products

Which factor is a common cause of constipation in older adults?

Increased fiber intake

High physical activity

Decreased fluid intake (correct)

Low use of medications

To alleviate heartburn, which food should a patient avoid?

Walking after meals

Eating spicy foods (correct)

Chewing gum

Drinking milk

Which laboratory finding would suggest dehydration in a patient experiencing diarrhea?

High specific gravity Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate position for a patient when inserting a nasogastric tube?

Semi-Fowler’s Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding would suggest metabolic alkalosis?

pH 7.50 Signup and view all the answers

What dietary advice should be given to a patient with GERD?

Avoid eating right before bedtime Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is essential for a bedridden patient to manage constipation?

Increasing dietary fiber Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary symptom that should prompt evaluation for upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

Melena Signup and view all the answers

Which is the normal range for urine specific gravity?

1.005 - 1.030 Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is most important for a patient suffering from severe diarrhea?

Providing oral rehydration therapy Signup and view all the answers

What dietary modification should be made for a patient experiencing constipation?

Increasing fiber intake Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is essential to prevent aspiration in a patient with a nasogastric tube?

Checking the tube placement before feedings Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Regurgitation Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs of dehydration typically observed in a patient with diarrhea?

Dry mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle change is advisable for a patient experiencing heartburn?

Eating smaller, more frequent meals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Colostomy Care

Irritation around the stoma: Use mild soap and water.
Avoid alcohol-based products, increasing adhesive use, or avoiding cleaning the area.

Constipation in Older Adults

Common cause: Decreased fluid intake.
High physical activity, increased fiber intake, or low medication use are NOT common causes.

Heartburn Management

Avoid trigger: Spicy foods.
Drinking milk, chewing gum, or walking after meals are not advised for heartburn.

Dehydration and Diarrhea

Indicator: High specific gravity.
Low hematocrit, low specific gravity, or high glucose levels are not good indicators of dehydration in patients with diarrhea .

Nasogastric Tube Insertion

Patient position: Semi-Fowler's.
Supine, prone, or Trendelenburg positions are not suitable for nasogastric tube insertion.

Metabolic Alkalosis

Assessment finding: pH 7.50.
pH 7.45, pH 7.30, or pH 7.35 are not indicative of metabolic alkalosis.

GERD Dietary Recommendations

Dietary guideline: Avoid eating right before bedtime.
Large, infrequent meals, spicy foods, or carbonated beverages are not good choices.

Stoma Care

Important aspect: Monitoring for skin breakdown.
Strong adhesives, limiting fluid intake, or avoiding exercise are NOT the priority.

Constipation Management in Bedridden Patients

Crucial intervention: Increasing dietary fiber.
Limiting fluid intake, encouraging bed rest, or avoiding fruits and vegetables are inappropriate.

Normal Urine Output

Normal adult output: 30 mL/hour.
10 mL/hour, 20 mL/hour, and 40 mL/hour are inaccurate.

Preventing Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Intervention: Maintaining a closed drainage system.
Changing the catheter frequently, keeping the drainage bag above the bladder, or using antiseptics on the catheter are not the best preventive strategies.

Electrolyte Imbalance with Diarrhea

Symptom: Muscle weakness.
Increased appetite, hypertension, or decreased urine output are not direct indicators of electrolyte imbalance.

Melena and Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Bleeding location: Upper GI tract.
Lower GI tract, small intestine, or rectum are not the origin of the bleeding.

Normal Urine Specific Gravity

Range: 1.005 - 1.030.
1.000-1.005, 1.030-1.050, or 1.050-1.080 are not accurate.

Heartburn Lifestyle Modification

Recommendation: Eating smaller, more frequent meals.
Drinking more coffee, lying down after meals, or consuming high-fat foods are not suitable options.

Severe Diarrhea Management

Priority intervention: Oral rehydration therapy.
Encouraging a high-fiber diet, administering antibiotics, or limiting fluid intake are not top concerns.

Constipation Dietary Changes

Recommended change: Increasing fiber intake.
Avoiding fruits and vegetables or limiting water intake are not well-recommended.

Nasogastric Tube Aspiration Prevention

Interventions: Checking tube placement, keeping the head of the bed elevated, administering feedings slowly.
Lying the patient flat, limiting fluid intake, or administering feedings quickly are not appropriate.

GERD Symptoms

Common symptoms: Heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain.
Constipation or diarrhea are not common symptoms of GERD.

Dehydration Symptoms with Diarrhea

Symptoms: Dry mucous membranes, hypotension, tachycardia.
Increased urine output is inaccurate.

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Description

Test your knowledge on essential nursing care practices such as colostomy care, constipation in older adults, heartburn management, and more. This quiz covers crucial indicators and recommendations for patient care, ensuring you understand the best practices in nursing.