Nursing Care Fundamentals

Colostomy Care

• Irritation around the stoma: Use mild soap and water.
• Avoid alcohol-based products, increasing adhesive use, or avoiding cleaning the area.

Constipation in Older Adults

• Common cause: Decreased fluid intake.
• High physical activity, increased fiber intake, or low medication use are NOT common causes.

Heartburn Management

• Avoid trigger: Spicy foods.
• Drinking milk, chewing gum, or walking after meals are not advised for heartburn.

Dehydration and Diarrhea

• Indicator: High specific gravity.
• Low hematocrit, low specific gravity, or high glucose levels are not good indicators of dehydration in patients with diarrhea .

Nasogastric Tube Insertion

• Patient position: Semi-Fowler's.
• Supine, prone, or Trendelenburg positions are not suitable for nasogastric tube insertion.

Metabolic Alkalosis

• Assessment finding: pH 7.50.
• pH 7.45, pH 7.30, or pH 7.35 are not indicative of metabolic alkalosis.

GERD Dietary Recommendations

• Dietary guideline: Avoid eating right before bedtime.
• Large, infrequent meals, spicy foods, or carbonated beverages are not good choices.

Stoma Care

• Important aspect: Monitoring for skin breakdown.
• Strong adhesives, limiting fluid intake, or avoiding exercise are NOT the priority.

Constipation Management in Bedridden Patients

• Crucial intervention: Increasing dietary fiber.
• Limiting fluid intake, encouraging bed rest, or avoiding fruits and vegetables are inappropriate.

Normal Urine Output

• Normal adult output: 30 mL/hour.
• 10 mL/hour, 20 mL/hour, and 40 mL/hour are inaccurate.

Preventing Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

• Intervention: Maintaining a closed drainage system.
• Changing the catheter frequently, keeping the drainage bag above the bladder, or using antiseptics on the catheter are not the best preventive strategies.

Electrolyte Imbalance with Diarrhea

• Symptom: Muscle weakness.
• Increased appetite, hypertension, or decreased urine output are not direct indicators of electrolyte imbalance.

Melena and Gastrointestinal Bleeding

• Bleeding location: Upper GI tract.
• Lower GI tract, small intestine, or rectum are not the origin of the bleeding.

Normal Urine Specific Gravity

• Range: 1.005 - 1.030.
• 1.000-1.005, 1.030-1.050, or 1.050-1.080 are not accurate.

Heartburn Lifestyle Modification

• Recommendation: Eating smaller, more frequent meals.
• Drinking more coffee, lying down after meals, or consuming high-fat foods are not suitable options.

Severe Diarrhea Management

• Priority intervention: Oral rehydration therapy.
• Encouraging a high-fiber diet, administering antibiotics, or limiting fluid intake are not top concerns.

Constipation Dietary Changes

• Recommended change: Increasing fiber intake.
• Avoiding fruits and vegetables or limiting water intake are not well-recommended.

Nasogastric Tube Aspiration Prevention

• Interventions: Checking tube placement, keeping the head of the bed elevated, administering feedings slowly.
• Lying the patient flat, limiting fluid intake, or administering feedings quickly are not appropriate.

GERD Symptoms

• Common symptoms: Heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain.
• Constipation or diarrhea are not common symptoms of GERD.

Dehydration Symptoms with Diarrhea

• Symptoms: Dry mucous membranes, hypotension, tachycardia.
• Increased urine output is inaccurate.