Nursing Care During Childbearing

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Questions and Answers

What physiological change primarily prevents menstruation during pregnancy?

Increased levels of estrogen

Production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (correct)

Formation of the blastocyst

Thickening of the uterine lining

What is an appropriate recommendation for a mother experiencing fatigue during pregnancy?

Sleep no more than 6 hours per night to maintain routine.

Increase nighttime sleep to 8 to 10 hours. (correct)

Engage in vigorous exercise to combat fatigue.

Avoid taking naps as they can disrupt night sleep.

Which of the following symptoms is most likely to resolve during the second trimester?

Breast tenderness

Abdominal enlargement

Morning sickness (correct)

Urinary frequency

What is the usual onset period for symptoms of nausea during pregnancy?

Six weeks after the last menstrual period Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT advised for bathing during pregnancy?

Tub bathing if there is vaginal bleeding. Signup and view all the answers

At what point during pregnancy is the implantation of the trophoblast most critically decisive for continuing the pregnancy?

7 to 10 days post fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Why should pregnant women avoid supine exercises during the second and third trimesters?

They decrease maternal cardiac output and uterine circulation. Signup and view all the answers

What type of clothing is generally recommended for pregnant women?

Comfortable and non-constrictive clothing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the change in breast size during early pregnancy?

Growth of the mammary gland ductal system Signup and view all the answers

Which activity should be modified or avoided during pregnancy?

Engaging in gymnastics or horseback riding. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical relationship between fundal height and gestational weeks from 16 to 36 weeks?

Fundal height generally equals the weeks of gestation in centimeters. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is likely to affect a mother’s self-esteem during the second trimester?

Self-perceived body image changes Signup and view all the answers

What might cause a decrease in sexual interest in the mother during the third trimester?

Increased urgency for labor Signup and view all the answers

In the postpartal period, which physiological changes can lead to discomfort during intercourse?

Vaginal atrophy and trauma from childbirth Signup and view all the answers

What psychological change might a father experience during the second trimester?

Increased resentment towards the mother's attention Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the father's experience in the first trimester is accurate?

He may feel left out as the mother's needs take precedence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily protein intake for a pregnant woman?

60 g Signup and view all the answers

During which trimeters of pregnancy is an additional 300 kilocalories required for a singleton pregnancy?

Second and third trimesters Signup and view all the answers

What weight gain is recommended for a woman with normal weight during pregnancy?

25-35 lb Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended maximum percentage of caloric intake from fat for pregnant women?

30% Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin intake is recommended for pregnant women to be between 750-770 µg/d?

Vitamin A Signup and view all the answers

What impact can the father's participation in activities related to the baby have during the third trimester?

It can help alleviate worries about labor and delivery. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of mood changes might a mother experience during pregnancy?

Rapid mood swings and emotional outbursts. Signup and view all the answers

How can preparing siblings for the arrival of a new baby be beneficial?

It can alleviate anxiety and help them feel included. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a common concern for fathers during the postpartal period?

Financial responsibilities associated with raising a child. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of pregnancy can lead to a mother's ambivalence and possible feelings of guilt?

Physical changes and fears of losing attractiveness. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is suggested for helping children understand and express their concerns about a new baby?

Use formal educational classes tailored to their age. Signup and view all the answers

What is a noticeable effect of a mother's changing body image during pregnancy?

It can lead to feelings of unattractiveness and insecurity. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for grandparents to understand during the pregnancy period?

Their feelings can vary widely and should be respected. Signup and view all the answers

What common symptom of couvade might fathers experience during the third trimester?

Physical ailments like backache and insomnia. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of development can lead to acceptance of parenthood for expectant mothers?

Going through feelings of ambivalence before acceptance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following preparations should pregnant women avoid due to potential harm to the fetus?

Cleansing preparations with salicylic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended travel method for pregnant women during the early stages of pregnancy?

Air travel Signup and view all the answers

Which exercise is specifically beneficial for strengthening the pelvic floor muscles during pregnancy?

Pelvic tilt Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding hair dye usage during pregnancy?

All hair dyes are safe to use Signup and view all the answers

In which trimester should a pregnant woman avoid flying due to heightened risks?

Last trimester after week 36 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding prolonged standing during pregnancy?

It may cause premature delivery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products is considered generally safe for use during pregnancy?

Chemical hair removers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities can cause incontinence due to increased intra-abdominal pressure?

Lifting weights Signup and view all the answers

What is an incorrect statement regarding the use of lemon juice during pregnancy?

It has bleaching effects similar to chemical products Signup and view all the answers

What is advised for reducing fatigue in pregnant working women?

Taking regular breaks and reducing hours Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age does quickening typically occur in primigravida?

18 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the accuracy range of laboratory urine pregnancy tests about 2 weeks after the first missed period?

95 to 98 percent Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily measured in urine tests to confirm pregnancy?

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue associated with home urine pregnancy tests when detecting early pregnancy?

False negatives Signup and view all the answers

What progesterone level suggests the viability of a pregnancy?

<blockquote> 25 ng/mL </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests can detect pregnancy even before a missed period?

Serum tests Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by a heart rate of over 180 in tachycardia?

Severe tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum progesterone level that should be sustained for at least 10 minutes to suggest a viable pregnancy?

160 ng/mL Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antepartal Period

Normal Pregnancies

Subjective Signs of Pregnancy
- Amenorrhea: Primary sign, involves absence of menstrual periods; conception aligns with ovulation (day 14 in a 28-day cycle).
- Nausea and Vomiting: Caused by elevated hCG levels; typically occurs 6 weeks post-last menstrual period and may last 6–12 weeks, often relieved by the second trimester.
- Breast Changes: Tenderness, growth, and changes in appearance occur early; breasts may increase by a cup size as hormone changes prepare for lactation.
- Abdominal Enlargement: Gradual increase, less noticeable in the first trimester; notable growth as the uterus expands.
- Urinary Frequency: Increased urge to urinate due to uterine pressure on the bladder; symptoms may subside as the uterus rises in the second trimester but return later.

Health Promotion

Rest: Essential due to fatigue, particularly in the first and third trimesters; encourage longer nighttime sleep and daytime naps.
Activities of Daily Living:
- Bathing: Regular bathing to manage perspiration; caution during the third trimester with tub bathing.
- Dressing: Comfortable clothing preferred; avoid constrictive garments.
- Exercising: Moderate exercise like walking for 30 minutes is beneficial; avoid supine exercises and high-risk activities as pregnancy progresses.

Fundal Height

Measurement: Begins palpation around 10 to 12 weeks gestation; correlates to gestational weeks until 36 weeks.
Normal Findings: Fundal height should equal gestational weeks; discrepancies may indicate multiple fetuses or abnormal positioning of the baby.

Maternal Psychosexual Changes

First Trimester: Stress and anxiety are common; involvement from partners can alleviate fears of miscarriage.
Second Trimester: Body image concerns may affect intimacy and self-esteem; clinician support on sexual activity is crucial.
Third Trimester: Decreased sexual interest and intimacy concerns arise; discussions with clinicians about intimacy are important.

Paternal Psychosexual Changes

First Trimester: Fathers may feel left out; initial excitement gives way to feelings of resentment due to partner’s focus.
Second Trimester: More connection through participation in prenatal activities; anxiety about the role and relationship dynamics may rise.
Third Trimester: Growing concern about labor and delivery; some fathers may experience physical symptoms mirroring partner's pregnancy (couvade).

Developmental Tasks of Becoming Parents

Ambivalence to Acceptance: Normal feelings of ambivalence regarding parenthood are common; acceptance generally develops by the third trimester.
Preparation of Siblings: Involves educating children about changes; engage them in preparation to reduce anxiety and rivalry.
Preparation of Grandparents: Varies by grandparent's feelings; early inclusion and boundary-setting are essential for support.

Grooming and Travel Considerations

Grooming: Pregnant women may face skin changes; avoid teratogenic beauty products and chemicals.
Travel: Generally safe unless complications arise; ensure regular breaks to prevent discomfort during long journey periods.

Nutritional Needs

Increased Caloric Intake: 300 additional calories required during the second and third trimesters; 600 for multiples.
Dietary Recommendations: Adequate intake of proteins, vitamins, and minerals; limit simple carbohydrates, prioritize whole grains and healthy fats.

Maternal Malnutrition

Impacts of Malnutrition: Can cause severe developmental issues in the fetus; underweight mothers face greater risks for perinatal loss and preterm births.
Weight Gain Recommendations: Guidelines differ based on weight status, emphasizing the importance of achieving a healthy weight gain throughout pregnancy.### Fetal Development Overview
Heart starts beating regularly by week 4; limb buds are formed; early development of eyes and ears begins.
By week 5, eyes and nasal pits develop; significant growth with arm and leg buds evident.
Week 6 sees arms and legs lengthening, with developing jaws, upper lip, and palate; the heart starts pumping blood.
In week 7, the head takes a rounded shape, eyes move closer, and fetal heartbeats can be detected.
By week 8, the embryo is about 3 cm in length, and major organs are forming; long bones begin to develop.

Progression from Embryo to Fetus

After 8 weeks, the embryo is termed a fetus; it reaches about 5 cm in length and 14 g in weight by week 9.
At 12 weeks, the fetus measures around 8 cm and shows developed facial features; spontaneous movements and fist-making occur.
Between weeks 13-16, rapid growth occurs; gender becomes identifiable, eyelids can blink, and sucking movements are noted.

Nutritional Requirements During Pregnancy

Thiamine deficiency can lead to congestive heart failure and stillbirths, while folic acid is critical for DNA synthesis and preventing neural tube defects.
Iron is essential for red blood cell development; physiological anemia occurs during pregnancy due to increased plasma volume.
Recommended iron intake varies depending on maternal hemoglobin levels; 30-120 mg of elemental iron is advised based on needs.

Key Developmental Milestones

At week 24, fetal length is 28 cm, weight is 780 g; lungs are developing, and skin appears wrinkled and reddish.
Weeks 25-28: Brain and CNS further develop; fetal length reaches 35-38 cm and weighs 1200-1250 g.
By weeks 29-32, the fetus measures 38-43 cm and weighs around 2000 g; respiratory control is maturing, but lungs are still underdeveloped.
By week 35-36, significant growth makes the fetus approximately 42-48 cm long; weighing between 2500-2750 g, skin smooths out, and fetal grasp reflex is evident.
By weeks 38-40, full-term fetus length ranges from 48-52 cm and weighs 3000-3600 g; prep for labor commonly occurs within this timeframe.

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

IUGR indicates inadequate fetal growth, often linked to oligohydramnios and pre-eclampsia.
Symmetric IUGR is characterized by both head and body being small, typically due to chromosomal issues or infections early in gestation.
Asymmetric IUGR presents a normal-sized head with a smaller body, often due to placental insufficiency or nutritional deficits later in pregnancy.

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Description

This quiz explores the nursing care during the antepartal period, focusing on normal pregnancies. It covers subjective signs and symptoms of pregnancy, with an emphasis on amenorrhea and the fertility cycle. Test your knowledge on the early indicators that signal pregnancy and the implications for nursing care.

Nursing Care During Childbearing - Antepartal Period

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