32 Questions
What is the difference between objective well-being and subjective well-being?
Objective well-being refers to material conditions and physical health, while subjective well-being is based on how a person feels and their life satisfaction.
In terms of shared variance, what does a correlation of 0.50 between distinct and separate domains of subjective well-being indicate?
25% of the shared variance is common across the distinct domains.
How does spending money on things you like affect subjective well-being according to the text?
Regardless of income, it increases subjective well-being.
Which statement best summarizes the correlation between objective well-being and subjective well-being?
The correlation is low except in extreme conditions like homelessness.
What does the text imply about the relationship between income and subjective well-being?
Spending money on things one likes can increase subjective well-being irrespective of income.
What can help in better understanding the effects of an event on subjective well-being (SWB)?
Comparing SWB levels before and after the event occurred
What happens to life satisfaction scores following widowhood according to the text?
They decrease until the death of the partner and slowly increase after 3 years
Which factor plays a significant role in determining subjective well-being (SWB) in different countries according to the text?
Cultural individualism
What is a set-point in the context of subjective well-being (SWB)?
The average level of SWB that people tend to maintain over time
In which type of culture is self-esteem a stronger predictor of life satisfaction according to the text?
Individualistic cultures
What can alter an individual's SWB set-point?
The existence of major life events
What does being more like other people lead to in terms of happiness according to the text?
Increased happiness
What did the study by Johnson & Krueger find regarding the relationship between income and perceived financial situation?
Income completely influences perceived financial situation
What does being an expert at judging negative stimuli quickly imply about a person's subjective well-being?
It results in lower subjective well-being
How do personal life events like losing a job or getting married influence subjective well-being (SWB)?
Positive events increase SWB, while negative events decrease SWB
What was the key determinant of life satisfaction for Asian Americans?
Perceived acceptance from friends and parents
How did European Americans' life satisfaction relate to perceived acceptance according to the study?
Perceived acceptance had no influence independent of emotions
What bias did European Americans show regarding their life satisfaction judgment?
Bias for self-enhancement
How did Asian Americans' weekly life satisfaction compare to that of European Americans?
Asian Americans reported almost identical life satisfaction
According to the Self-Determination Theory mentioned, what leads to higher subjective well-being (SWB) cross-culturally?
Competence at one or more valued tasks
Positive responses about happiness are only found with direct one shot self-report methods.
False
Highlighting the benefits of positive emotions leads people to report lower life satisfaction.
False
Self-enhancement tendencies do not impact the comparability of subjective well-being (SWB) across cultures or groups.
False
The study mentioned in the text concludes that subjective well-being (SWB) is not inflated due to self-enhancement.
False
The results of positive mood indicated by experience sampling are not included in the study.
False
Match the following cultural groups with their corresponding life satisfaction judgment bias:
European Americans = Bias for self-enhancement Asian Americans = No evidence of self-enhancement
Match the following determinants of subjective well-being with their descriptions:
Autonomy = Feeling that one can have an impact on their environment Competence = Being competent at one or more valued tasks Relatedness = Having good caring relationships with important others
Match the following aspects of life satisfaction with the corresponding cultural groups:
European Americans' weekly life satisfaction = Significantly higher than average daily satisfaction Asian Americans' weekly life satisfaction = Almost identical to average daily satisfaction
Match the following factors related to subjective well-being with the cultural groups they are associated with:
Perceived acceptance related to life satisfaction = Asian Americans Emotions related to life satisfaction = European Americans
Match the following core needs from the Self-Determination Theory with their impact on life satisfaction:
Autonomy = Higher subjective well-being to the extent that people feel they can have an impact on their environment Competence = Higher subjective well-being to the extent that people are competent at valued tasks Relatedness = Higher subjective well-being to the extent that people have good caring relationships with important others
What is the Self-Determination Theory?
All humans have basic core needs that when they are met, people are satisfied with their life
People may have lower SWB set-points if they are...
Higher in Neuroticism
Study Notes
Subjective Well-being (SWB)
- SWB is not strongly related to objective well-being, except for extreme conditions (e.g., homelessness)
- Correlation between SWB and income is around 0.30 (9% shared variance)
- Having more money matters: correlation between SWB and income is higher and stronger as income increases
- Individuals in poorer countries report lower SWB (below the mid-point)
Individual SWB Set-Points
- People have set-points for SWB: for positive affect, negative affect, and for judgments of satisfaction
- Set-point can be inferred from looking at the average of how people vary over time in SWB
- Different people have different set-points influencing people's well-being above and beyond the influence of life conditions
- An event can alter the set point and its effect can linger
Genetics and SWB
- Genetics influence SWB, but do so only through the Big Five personality traits
- Study: Higher SWB was accounted for by unique genetic influences via lower neuroticism (N), higher extraversion (E), and to a lesser extent higher conscientiousness (C)
- SWB was also determined in part by a common underlying genetic factor of better adjustment across all the Big Five
Money and SWB
- Income influenced people's life satisfaction completely in terms of perceived financial situation and having a sense of control
- Higher income seems to allow for better management and/or less exposure to some negative stressful events or conditions
- People with higher income can feel comfortable about their finances and feel in control of their lives
Cognitive Processing Style and SWB
- Cognitive processing: being an expert at judging whether something is good or bad
- Experts at judging negative stimuli have lower SWB, more negative affect in daily life, and greater dissatisfaction with their current life situation
- Faster judges have lower SWB, and expertise is distinct from personality and has its own impact on well-being
Major Life Events and SWB
- Major personal life events can influence people's SWB
- Negative events, such as losing a job, can lower SWB, while positive events, such as marriage, can increase SWB
- Large panel studies can examine how people react to an event and follow their SWB over time
Culture and SWB
- Religious people have higher SWB in religious nations but not in non-religious nations
- Stronger correlation between E and SWB in countries with higher mean E scores
- Self-esteem is a stronger predictor of life satisfaction in individualistic than in collectivistic cultures
Explore the effects of marriage, widowhood, and divorce on subjective well-being by analyzing life satisfaction scores over time in relation to a specific life event. Discover how life events can impact overall well-being in the long term.
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