Subjective Well-being
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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between objective well-being and subjective well-being?

  • Objective well-being measures life satisfaction, while subjective well-being is concerned with positive and negative affect levels.
  • Objective well-being focuses on feelings like happiness and sadness, while subjective well-being considers material conditions.
  • Objective well-being includes income and housing, while subjective well-being is solely based on life satisfaction.
  • Objective well-being refers to material conditions and physical health, while subjective well-being is based on how a person feels and their life satisfaction. (correct)

    • In terms of shared variance, what does a correlation of 0.50 between distinct and separate domains of subjective well-being indicate?

  • 75% of the shared variance is related to objective well-being.
  • 25% of the shared variance is common across the distinct domains. (correct)
  • 9% of the shared variance is due to negative affect levels.
  • 50% of the shared variance is attributed to extreme conditions.

    • How does spending money on things you like affect subjective well-being according to the text?

  • Regardless of income, it increases subjective well-being. (correct)
  • It has no impact on subjective well-being.
  • It decreases life satisfaction but increases positive affect levels.
  • It only impacts subjective well-being in extreme conditions like homelessness.

    • Which statement best summarizes the correlation between objective well-being and subjective well-being?

    <p>The correlation is low except in extreme conditions like homelessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the relationship between income and subjective well-being?

    <p>Spending money on things one likes can increase subjective well-being irrespective of income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can help in better understanding the effects of an event on subjective well-being (SWB)?

    <p>Comparing SWB levels before and after the event occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to life satisfaction scores following widowhood according to the text?

    <p>They decrease until the death of the partner and slowly increase after 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in determining subjective well-being (SWB) in different countries according to the text?

    <p>Cultural individualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a set-point in the context of subjective well-being (SWB)?

    <p>The average level of SWB that people tend to maintain over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of culture is self-esteem a stronger predictor of life satisfaction according to the text?

    <p>Individualistic cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can alter an individual's SWB set-point?

    <p>The existence of major life events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does being more like other people lead to in terms of happiness according to the text?

    <p>Increased happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Johnson & Krueger find regarding the relationship between income and perceived financial situation?

    <p>Income completely influences perceived financial situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does being an expert at judging negative stimuli quickly imply about a person's subjective well-being?

    <p>It results in lower subjective well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do personal life events like losing a job or getting married influence subjective well-being (SWB)?

    <p>Positive events increase SWB, while negative events decrease SWB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key determinant of life satisfaction for Asian Americans?

    <p>Perceived acceptance from friends and parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did European Americans' life satisfaction relate to perceived acceptance according to the study?

    <p>Perceived acceptance had no influence independent of emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bias did European Americans show regarding their life satisfaction judgment?

    <p>Bias for self-enhancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Asian Americans' weekly life satisfaction compare to that of European Americans?

    <p>Asian Americans reported almost identical life satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Self-Determination Theory mentioned, what leads to higher subjective well-being (SWB) cross-culturally?

    <p>Competence at one or more valued tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positive responses about happiness are only found with direct one shot self-report methods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Highlighting the benefits of positive emotions leads people to report lower life satisfaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-enhancement tendencies do not impact the comparability of subjective well-being (SWB) across cultures or groups.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study mentioned in the text concludes that subjective well-being (SWB) is not inflated due to self-enhancement.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The results of positive mood indicated by experience sampling are not included in the study.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cultural groups with their corresponding life satisfaction judgment bias:

    <p>European Americans = Bias for self-enhancement Asian Americans = No evidence of self-enhancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following determinants of subjective well-being with their descriptions:

    <p>Autonomy = Feeling that one can have an impact on their environment Competence = Being competent at one or more valued tasks Relatedness = Having good caring relationships with important others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of life satisfaction with the corresponding cultural groups:

    <p>European Americans' weekly life satisfaction = Significantly higher than average daily satisfaction Asian Americans' weekly life satisfaction = Almost identical to average daily satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors related to subjective well-being with the cultural groups they are associated with:

    <p>Perceived acceptance related to life satisfaction = Asian Americans Emotions related to life satisfaction = European Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following core needs from the Self-Determination Theory with their impact on life satisfaction:

    <p>Autonomy = Higher subjective well-being to the extent that people feel they can have an impact on their environment Competence = Higher subjective well-being to the extent that people are competent at valued tasks Relatedness = Higher subjective well-being to the extent that people have good caring relationships with important others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Self-Determination Theory?

    <p>All humans have basic core needs that when they are met, people are satisfied with their life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People may have lower SWB set-points if they are...

    <p>Higher in Neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Subjective Well-being (SWB)

    • SWB is not strongly related to objective well-being, except for extreme conditions (e.g., homelessness)
    • Correlation between SWB and income is around 0.30 (9% shared variance)
    • Having more money matters: correlation between SWB and income is higher and stronger as income increases
    • Individuals in poorer countries report lower SWB (below the mid-point)

    Individual SWB Set-Points

    • People have set-points for SWB: for positive affect, negative affect, and for judgments of satisfaction
    • Set-point can be inferred from looking at the average of how people vary over time in SWB
    • Different people have different set-points influencing people's well-being above and beyond the influence of life conditions
    • An event can alter the set point and its effect can linger

    Genetics and SWB

    • Genetics influence SWB, but do so only through the Big Five personality traits
    • Study: Higher SWB was accounted for by unique genetic influences via lower neuroticism (N), higher extraversion (E), and to a lesser extent higher conscientiousness (C)
    • SWB was also determined in part by a common underlying genetic factor of better adjustment across all the Big Five

    Money and SWB

    • Income influenced people's life satisfaction completely in terms of perceived financial situation and having a sense of control
    • Higher income seems to allow for better management and/or less exposure to some negative stressful events or conditions
    • People with higher income can feel comfortable about their finances and feel in control of their lives

    Cognitive Processing Style and SWB

    • Cognitive processing: being an expert at judging whether something is good or bad
    • Experts at judging negative stimuli have lower SWB, more negative affect in daily life, and greater dissatisfaction with their current life situation
    • Faster judges have lower SWB, and expertise is distinct from personality and has its own impact on well-being

    Major Life Events and SWB

    • Major personal life events can influence people's SWB
    • Negative events, such as losing a job, can lower SWB, while positive events, such as marriage, can increase SWB
    • Large panel studies can examine how people react to an event and follow their SWB over time

    Culture and SWB

    • Religious people have higher SWB in religious nations but not in non-religious nations
    • Stronger correlation between E and SWB in countries with higher mean E scores
    • Self-esteem is a stronger predictor of life satisfaction in individualistic than in collectivistic cultures

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    Related Documents

    Subjective Well-Being PDF

    Description

    Explore the effects of marriage, widowhood, and divorce on subjective well-being by analyzing life satisfaction scores over time in relation to a specific life event. Discover how life events can impact overall well-being in the long term.

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