Nursing Care and Illness Types
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following accurately describes an acute illness?

  • An illness without a cure but that can be prevented.
  • An illness with a slow onset and long duration.
  • An illness with a rapid onset and short duration, expected to recover. (correct)
  • An illness that a person will most likely not recover from.

Which healthcare professional is legally allowed to delegate nursing tasks to a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)?

  • Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)
  • Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) (correct)
  • Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) (correct)
  • All of the above.

What is the primary focus of functional nursing?

  • Focusing on specific tasks and jobs. (correct)
  • Developing individualized care plans for each patient.
  • Providing holistic care to individual patients.
  • Promoting patient autonomy and self-management.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of assisted living residences (ALR)?

<p>Provides specialized medical care for residents with chronic illnesses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the delegation process, what does 'ANCGAFF' stand for?

<p>Assessment of Needs, Communication, Guidance and Assistance, Follow up and Feedback (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of patient ID bracelets?

<p>To identify patients accurately using at least two identifiers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym RACE stand for in terms of fire safety?

<p>Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following identifies a critical aspect of job safety?

<p>Knowing what actions to take in emergency situations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of clean techniques or medical asepsis?

<p>To reduce the number of microbes and prevent their spread (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if equipment is found to be broken or not working properly?

<p>Report it and have it repaired before use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wristband color indicates that a patient is a fall risk?

<p>Yellow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of choking, what does the universal sign indicate?

<p>Clutching the throat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is essential for hand washing to reduce infection risk?

<p>Rubbing hands to create friction for at least 20 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a red biohazard symbol typically indicate?

<p>Contaminated waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do first if you suspect a patient has a healthcare associated infection (HAI)?

<p>Report it to the nursing staff (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'elopement' refer to in healthcare settings?

<p>A patient leaving the facility without staff knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of not following agency rules in a job setting?

<p>Losing the job due to rule violation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What personal matters should not interfere with training and job responsibilities?

<p>Making personal phone calls during work hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of wearing gloves in healthcare?

<p>To protect against exposure to pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is included in the nursing assistant's record?

<p>Identifying information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required if a nursing assistant has not worked for 24 months?

<p>Retraining and taking NATCEP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a nursing assistant refuse a task?

<p>If it's beyond their range of function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates boundary crossing from boundary violation?

<p>Boundary crossing helps meet the person's needs while boundary violation meets the caregiver's needs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered elder abuse?

<p>Neglecting to provide basic needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does informed consent involve?

<p>Understanding treatment options and outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a responsibility of agencies regarding nursing assistants?

<p>To provide 12 hours of education annually (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym TCPDCSE stand for in delegation rights?

<p>Task, Circumstance, Person, Direction, Communication, Supervision, Evaluation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a type of abuse recognized in the content?

<p>Psychosexual abuse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should conflicts be resolved in the workplace?

<p>By focusing on communication and defining the problem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is considered a key element of good work ethics?

<p>Prioritizing tasks to manage work effectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes an unintentional tort?

<p>Accidental harm that was not meant to occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is harassment in a workplace context?

<p>Troubling or tormenting a person through behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing care pattern emphasizes total patient care and is often carried out by a single nurse?

<p>Primary nursing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the role of an ombudsman in a health care setting?

<p>An advocate for the needs and rights of patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately defines involuntary seclusion?

<p>Separating a person from others against their will (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of case management in nursing care?

<p>Coordinating care during discharge to home or long-term care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the health insurance marketplace?

<p>A platform for individuals to compare and enroll in affordable health plans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does OBRA stand for and what is its purpose?

<p>Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, to set quality care standards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT typically found in long-term care centers?

<p>Patients needing hospitalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of nursing care does the 'team nursing' model primarily rely on?

<p>Coordination among a group of nurses led by an RN (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstances might restraints be used on a patient?

<p>Only when required to treat medical symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors influence nursing care patterns?

<p>Staff availability and costs of care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of hospice care?

<p>To promote comfort and quality of life for dying patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is typically covered under Medicare?

<p>Persons aged 65 and older and certain younger individuals with disabilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes a person who is ‘alert and oriented’?

<p>A person who knows their location and identity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines patient-focused care?

<p>Moves care from departments to the bedside for convenience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a representative play in healthcare?

<p>They have the legal right to act on behalf of the patient or resident (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps of applying personal protective equipment (PPE)?

<p>Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of transmission for pathogens?

<p>Telepathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order for removing personal protective equipment (PPE)?

<p>Gloves, Goggles, Gown, Mask (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common portal of exit for pathogens?

<p>Mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common reservoir for the pathogen causing Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

<p>Nose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important step to take after removing PPE?

<p>Wash your hands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a biohazard bag?

<p>Storing medical waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to an accident risk for individuals with impaired mobility?

<p>Inability to move to safety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

having concern for the person

<p>caring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

greeting and talking to others in a pleasant manner

<p>cheerful (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

being careful, alert and protecting the person's property

<p>conscientious (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

respecting the person's physical and emotional feelings

<p>considerate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

helping and working with others willingly

<p>cooperative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

being polite to patients

<p>courteous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

reporting to work on time

<p>dependable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

being eager and excited about your work

<p>enthusiastic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

seeing things from the persons POV

<p>empathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

reporting the care given and any errors if applicable

<p>honest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

coping with problems and delays

<p>patient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

treating the person with respect and dignity

<p>respectful (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

knowing your feelings

<p>self aware (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

keeping information confidential

<p>trustworthy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Functional Nursing

A type of nursing care that focuses on completing specific tasks and jobs.

Registered Nurse (RN)

A healthcare professional who has completed a 2, 3 or 4 year nursing program and passed a licensing exam. This nurse can delegate tasks to Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) and Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs).

Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)

A healthcare professional who has completed a practical nursing program and passed a licensing exam. They can delegate tasks to CNAs.

Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)

A healthcare professional who has passed a nursing assistant training and competency evaluation program (NATCEP). They can perform nursing tasks under the supervision of a licensed nurse but cannot delegate tasks to others.

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Delegation

The process of a nurse directing a nursing assistant to perform a specific nursing task. This requires the nurse's professional knowledge and judgment.

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Agency-Approved Respirator

A type of respirator that fits snugly over the nose and mouth, used when caring for patients with airborne infections like tuberculosis.

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Carrier

A person or animal that carries a pathogen but does not develop the infection themselves.

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Portal of Exit

The way a pathogen leaves the reservoir, such as through respiratory secretions, feces, or blood.

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Method of Transmission

The way a pathogen is transmitted to another host, such as through direct contact, airborne droplets, or contaminated objects.

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Portal of Entry

The way a pathogen enters the body, such as through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or breaks in the skin.

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Susceptible Host

A person or animal that is at risk for infection because their body is unable to fight off the pathogen.

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Accident Risk Factor

A condition that can make a person more susceptible to accidents, such as impaired mobility or cognitive impairment.

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Impaired Mobility

A person who cannot protect themselves from accidents due to physical limitations.

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Coma

A prolonged state of unconsciousness.

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Dementia

A loss of cognitive and social function.

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Elopement

When a patient or resident leaves the health care agency without staff's knowledge.

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Paralysis

Loss of muscle function.

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Disaster

A harmful event, such as an earthquake, tornado, hurricane, blizzard, volcano eruption, flood, or fire.

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Clean Techniques/Medical Asepsis

The process of reducing the number of microbes and preventing their spread from one person to another.

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Sterile Techniques/Surgical Asepsis

Practices used to remove all microbes.

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Nonpathogen

A microbe that does not usually cause an infection.

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Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI)

An infection that develops in a person cared for in any setting where health care is given.

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Pathogen

A harmful microbe that can cause an infection.

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Disinfection

The process of killing pathogens.

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Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

The regulation of OSHA that protects health team members from exposure to bloodborne pathogens. It requires employers to protect workers who may be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials.

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Vaccination

Giving a vaccine to produce immunity against an infectious disease.

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Universal/Standard Precautions

Standard precautions are used in all situations for all persons.

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Transmission-based Precautions

Used when persons have or may have certain infections.

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Certification

An official recognition by a state that certain standards have been met.

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Registry for Nursing Assistants

A database that stores information about nursing assistants, including their certification status and any reported findings of abuse, neglect, or misconduct.

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Scope of Practice

The range of tasks and responsibilities that a nursing assistant is legally authorized to perform.

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Job Description

A document that describes the specific responsibilities and expectations that an agency has for a nursing assistant.

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Agency Expectations

An agency can limit your role but they cannot expand your range of functions.

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5 Rights of Delegation

The 5 rights of delegation ensure that tasks are assigned appropriately and safely.

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Physical Abuse

The intentional use of force that can result in injury, pain, or death.

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Neglect

The failure to protect a vulnerable person from harm, including neglecting to provide basic needs such as food, water, clothing, shelter, and assistance with daily living activities.

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Financial Abuse

The misuse of an older person's resources, including money, property, and assets.

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Emotional/Psychological Abuse

Verbal or nonverbal behaviors that cause mental pain, anguish, or distress.

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Sexual Abuse

Forced or unwanted sexual interaction of any kind with an older adult.

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Abandonment

Desertion or abandonment of a person who is dependent on someone for care.

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Informed Consent

A process which a person receives and understands information about a treatment or procedure and is able to decide to receive or refuse the treatment

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Conflict

A clash between opposing interests or ideas that can negatively impact care.

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Courtesies

Polite, considerate, and helpful behaviors that promote a positive work environment.

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Team Nursing

An RN leads a team of nursing staff to provide care to a group of patients.

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Primary Nursing

One RN is responsible for providing all aspects of care for a specific patient, from admission to discharge. It fosters a strong nurse-patient relationship.

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Case Management

A nurse coordinates and manages a patient's care throughout their journey, from hospital stay to discharge and home care.

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Patient-Focused Care

Services are moved from departments to the patient's bedside, promoting convenience and efficiency.

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Memory Care Unit

A unit specifically designed for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and dementia, offering a safe and secure environment where they can move freely.

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Hospice

A healthcare agency focused on providing comfort and quality of life for individuals with a life expectancy of less than six months.

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Medicare

A federal program offering healthcare coverage to individuals aged 65 and older, as well as younger individuals with certain disabilities.

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Medicaid

A program jointly funded by the federal and state governments to provide healthcare coverage for low-income individuals and families.

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Health Insurance Marketplace

A service providing assistance to purchase affordable health insurance, part of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare.

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Advocate

A person who advocates for and supports the needs and interests of another individual.

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Involuntary Seclusion

Separating someone from others against their will.

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Ombudsman

An individual who supports and promotes the needs and interests of another person, often in a healthcare setting.

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Representative

A person legally authorized to act on behalf of another individual, making decisions and representing their interests.

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OBRA (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987)

A federal law that sets minimum standards for the quality of care in nursing homes, focusing on protecting and promoting resident rights.

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Study Notes

Acute, Chronic, and Terminal Illnesses

  • Acute illnesses have a rapid onset and short duration, with expected recovery.
  • Chronic illnesses have no cure but can be managed.
  • Terminal illnesses are not expected to be recovered from.

Functional Nursing

  • Focuses on tasks and duties.

Hospital and Long-Term Care Settings

  • Hospital: Patients
  • Long-Term Care Center: Residents
  • Assist Living Residences (ALRs): Provide housing, personal care, and a home-like environment for independent living. Includes personal care (bathing, dressing), meals (cooking, eating), housekeeping, personal safety, and transportation.

Delegation

  • Delegation is a nursing process where a nurse directs a CNA to perform a task.
  • It requires the nurse's knowledge and judgment.
  • Delegation process includes assessment of needs, communication, guidance and assistance, and follow-up and feedback.
  • Roles in Delegation (CNA): Can accept or refuse tasks based on training and job description. Must complete tasks safely. Cannot ignore orders. Responsible for actions when accepting a task.

Nursing Roles and Licensures

  • RN (Registered Nurse): Completed a 2-4 year nursing program, passed a licensure examination. Can delegate to LPN and CNA.
  • LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse): Completed a practical nursing program, passed a licensure exam. Can delegate to CNA.
  • LVN (Licensed Vocational Nurse): Used in California and Texas, similar to LPN. Can delegate to CNA.
  • CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant): Passed a nursing assistant training and evaluation program. Performs tasks under RN/LPN/LVN supervision.

Health Care Teams

  • Interdisciplinary teams involve many health care workers with diverse skills and knowledge focused on the person's total care.
  • Nursing teams (RN, LPN/LVN, CNA) are part of the interdisciplinary team.

Nursing Care Patterns

  • Nursing care patterns are adapted to the number of people needing care, the staff, and the cost. Common patterns include functional, team, primary, case management, and patient-focused care.

Long-Term Care Residents

  • Residents in long-term care centers may be recovering from acute illnesses or surgeries, require ongoing care, or have terminal illnesses.
  • May need home care, care until able to go home, or care until death.
  • Memory care units are designed for people with Alzheimer's and dementia, providing a safe, enclosed setting.
  • Hospices provide comfort and quality of life for the dying and their families.

Paying for Healthcare

  • Several healthcare payment systems exist.
  • Private insurance, group insurance, Medicare (federal program for the elderly with certain disabilities), Medicaid (jointly funded by federal and state, mostly for low-income individuals), and health insurance marketplaces (ACA).

Focus on Older Adults in Nursing Centers

  • Nursing center residents often have chronic diseases, nutritional deficiencies, memory problems or other health issues.
  • Nursing center residents may be alert/oriented or confused/disoriented. Some need total care and are not able to care for themselves or communicate their wants/needs.
  • Different levels of care can include short-term residents (recovering from illnesses), respite care (temporary stays), and long-term residents (permanent needs).

Survey Process and Resident Rights

  • Surveys assess if standards of care are met.
  • Nurse aides have a role in providing quality care, safeguarding resident rights, keeping the facility safe, maintaining professional conduct, and following agency protocols.
  • Resident rights are protected through federal law (OBRA).

Privacy and Confidentiality

  • Maintaining resident privacy is essential. This applies to all personal care measures.

Advocacy, Involuntary Seclusion, and Representation

  • Advocating for residents involves speaking and acting on their behalf.
  • Involuntary seclusion restricts freedom against a resident's will.
  • Representatives can act on a resident's behalf when appropriate.

Freedom from Restraints

  • Restraints are only used when medically necessary for treatment of symptoms and are not for staff convenience or discipline.
  • Restraints are not used for staff convenience, or disciplining the resident.

OBRA (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987)

  • Federal law setting minimum standards for quality care in nursing centers. Supports resident health, safety, and quality of life.

Competency Evaluation and Nursing Assistant Registry

  • Completion of a competency evaluation (written and skills test) is required before becoming a CNA.
  • State nursing assistant registries are official records documenting CNA certifications.
  • Registry information includes the CNA's full name, identification information, and date of NATCEP completion; records of abuse or neglect.
  • Maintaining competency. Agencies provide education (12 hours annually usually)
  • If the CNA did not work for 24 months, retraining and a new NATCEP is required.

Roles and Responsibilities

  • Understanding the scope of practice is crucial to protect residents from harm.

Job Descriptions and Expectations

  • Job descriptions outline agency expectations; the agency cannot expand your scope beyond the description.

Delegation Rights

  • Right to accept or refuse a task. Responsibility for the actions related to the task. Must complete tasks safely.

Key Terms (Abuse)

  • Abuse: Intentional infliction (physical, neglect, financial, emotional/psychological, sexual, abandonment)
  • Assault: Attempting to touch someone without consent.
  • Battery: Touching a person without consent.

Key Terms (Torts)

  • Boundary crossing (meets resident need)
  • Boundary violation (meets nurse's needs)
  • Defamation (injuring reputation)
  • Libel (false written statement)
  • Slander (false spoken statement)
  • False imprisonment (unlawful restraint)
  • Ethics (knowing right from wrong)
  • Medical battery (giving treatment against will)
  • Malpractice (giving wrong care)
  • Unintentional torts
  • Intentional torts
  • Elder abuse - any knowing, intentional, negligent act by a caregiver or other person against an older adult that causes harm.

Preventing Accidents

  • Accident Risk Factors: Impaired mobility, inability to protect oneself.

  • Patient Identification: Use two identifiers (name & date of birth) for each resident.

  • Preventing Burns: Be aware of the safety measures of the healthcare facility and report issues immediately.

  • Poisoning: Keep harmful substances out of reach, read labels carefully.

  • Choking: Recognize symptoms, perform abdominal thrusts (and chest thrusts for obese/pregnant).

Safety Measures/Equipment

  • RACE/PASS: Methods to handle fires.

  • Hazardous Substances: Use protective gear, follow safety data sheets (SDS), and report spills immediately.

  • Preventing Equipment Accidents: Inspect equipment before use. Use appropriate equipment based on patient needs (e.g. Bariatric equipment).

  • Workplace Violence: Be aware of potential threats and report issues immediately.

Communication Strategies

Chain of Infection

  • Source: Pathogen
  • Reservoir: Where the pathogen grows (carrier is an example)
  • Portal of Exit: How the pathogen leaves the host (body fluids; breaks in skin)
  • Method of Transmission: How the pathogen moves (direct contact, airborne, droplet spread)
  • Portal of Entry: How the pathogen enters a new host (body openings)
  • Susceptible Host: The new host at risk of infection.

Clean and Sterile Techniques

  • Clean Techniques (Medical Asepsis): Reduce microbes, prevent spread.
  • Sterile Techniques (Surgical Asepsis): Eliminate all microbes.

Infections

  • Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs): Infections acquired in healthcare settings.
  • Local vs Systemic infections

Handwashing

  • Proper handwashing procedure (20 seconds of friction) is critical.

Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

  • OSHA standard.
  • protects healthcare workers from exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

  • Using and removing PPE correctly (gloves, gowns, masks, goggles).
  • Contamination aspect of each PPE portion (outward-facing surface; wet PPE).

Meeting Basic Needs

  • Showing respect, communicating who you are, and using a calming tone while dealing with residents wearing PPE, or with other challenges are essential when dealing with difficult situations.

Additional Notes

  • CNAs do not draw blood, give drugs, perform sterile procedures.
  • Specimens (like urine or blood) are usually placed in containers with biohazard labeling.
  • Common pathogens mentioned in the notes (like MRSA, VRE, ESBL).

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Description

This quiz explores different types of illnesses, including acute, chronic, and terminal diseases, as well as concepts related to functional nursing and delegation. It also covers the differences between hospital and long-term care settings. Test your knowledge on these essential nursing topics!

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