Nursing as a Profession
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Questions and Answers

What does autonomy in nursing primarily involve?

  • Dependency on supervisors
  • Independence and accountability (correct)
  • Following strict protocols
  • A lack of responsibility

    • Which organization in the Philippines previously operated under the name Filipino Nurses Association?

  • Nursing Advocacy League
  • Health Professionals United
  • Philippine Nursing Foundation
  • Philippine Nurses Association (correct)

    • What is the primary purpose of the Philippine Nurses Association?

  • To promote the welfare of nurses (correct)
  • To manage nurse employment
  • To regulate nursing fees
  • To oversee nursing schools

    • Which stage of professional identity development comes after the novice stage according to Benner's model?

    <p>Advanced beginner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the development of professional identity in nursing require?

    <p>Lifelong learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does governance in the nursing profession refer to?

    <p>Control of practice and self-discipline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'professional identity' in nursing?

    <p>An understanding influenced by nursing's values and norms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of proficiency in nursing signifies that the nurse has developed a substantial understanding of their practice?

    <p>Proficient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as 'what people do for themselves to establish and maintain health, and to prevent and deal with illness'?

    <p>Self-care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of neglecting self-care for nurses?

    <p>Stress and exhaustion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might caregivers feel isolated?

    <p>Their responsibilities make them feel alone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can regular self-care help prevent?

    <p>Emotional and physical exhaustion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key reasons why self-care is important for caregivers?

    <p>It reduces stress levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-care replenish for caregivers, according to the content?

    <p>Capacity to provide compassion and empathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can emotional strain from caregiving often lead to?

    <p>Feelings of anxiety and frustration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the perception of self-care among many caregivers, according to the content?

    <p>A necessity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key benefit of self-care for caregivers?

    <p>It increases resilience in coping with caregiving challenges. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does self-care relate to the quality of relationships?

    <p>It enhances the ability to be present and engaged with others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does empathy play in nursing according to the content provided?

    <p>Empathy strengthens communication with patients, families, and colleagues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common belief about the cause of diseases among early Filipinos?

    <p>Diseases were thought to be caused by enemies or evil spirits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term was used for the individual deemed responsible for banishing evil spirits in early Filipino healing practices?

    <p>Priest-physician (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who typically cared for the sick in early Filipino society?

    <p>Female family members and friends (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What practice was associated with herb men in early Filipino healing?

    <p>Practicing witchcraft (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common belief regarding childbirth in early Filipino culture?

    <p>Difficult childbirth was attributed to 'nunos'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Republic Act No. 877?

    <p>Regulating the practice of nursing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change did Republic Act 9173 introduce compared to Republic Act 7164?

    <p>Establishment of the Board of Nursing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are the nursing examination dates as established under Act No. 2808?

    <p>2nd Monday of June and December (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law aims to provide better career prospects and dignified working conditions for nurses in the Philippines?

    <p>Republic Act 9173 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Professional Regulation Commission as established by Presidential Decree No. 223?

    <p>To oversee all healthcare professionals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law defines the scope of nursing and establishes the qualifications and duties of nurses?

    <p>Republic Act 9173 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was proclaimed by President Carlos P. Garcia regarding nursing professionals?

    <p>Nurses' Week (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of nursing does Republic Act No. 7164 specifically aim to address?

    <p>Quality of nursing education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the 'mabuting hilot' serve during labor?

    <p>They acted as midwives during childbirth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the practitioners that provided interventions for sick individuals in the past?

    <p>Babaylan and albularyo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the late 1890s, why did many women begin acting as nurses during the war between the Philippines and Spain?

    <p>To care for wounded soldiers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable individual converted a house into a field hospital to care for wounded soldiers?

    <p>Josephine Bracken (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organization did the Hijas de la Revolución eventually become?

    <p>Asociación de la Cruz Roja (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was referred to as Melchora Aquino, and what was her contribution during the revolution?

    <p>Tandang Sora; she nursed and sheltered wounded soldiers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What title was given to male nurses who assisted Spanish Friars in hospitals?

    <p>Practicante or enfermero (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major role did Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo play during the revolution?

    <p>She established the Hijas de la Revolución. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the entrance examination for nursing classes in 1907?

    <p>To evaluate completion of elementary education up to the seventh grade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution opened nursing classes in 1907 and had its early students attend combined classes with others?

    <p>St.Luke’s Hospital School of Nursing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event regarding nursing practice occurred between 1911 and 1921?

    <p>The enactment of the First True Nursing Law (Act 2808) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was initially responsible for the organization of the Mary Johnston School of Nursing?

    <p>Sister Rebecca Parrish and registered nurses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function did Act No. 2493 serve concerning nursing?

    <p>It regulated the practice of nursing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the first nursing board examination conducted?

    <p>1920 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original name of Mary Johnston Hospital when it started as a small dispensary?

    <p>Bethany Dispensary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first executive officer of the Board Examiners for Nurses?

    <p>A physician (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Autonomy in Nursing

    Independence, responsibility, and accountability in nursing practice.

    Professional Organization

    Group that supports a profession, differentiating it from others.

    Governance in Nursing

    Establishment of control over practice and working conditions in nursing.

    Philippine Nurses Association

    Professional organization in the Philippines for nurses' welfare and global competitiveness.

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    Professional Identity Formation

    Development of one's self-concept influenced by nursing values and norms.

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    Benner's Five Levels of Proficiency

    Stages in developing nursing expertise: novice to expert.

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    Caring for Self

    Consideration of personal well-being alongside caring for others.

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    Experience in Nursing

    Essential for developing professional expertise in nursing.

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    Self-care

    Actions individuals take to maintain health and prevent illness.

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    Importance of self-care for nurses

    Self-care allows nurses to replenish their capacity to care for others.

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    Effects of neglecting self-care

    Leads to stress, exhaustion, and impaired professional performance.

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    Emotional Strain

    Feelings of anxiety and frustration due to caregiving duties.

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    Isolation

    Feelings of loneliness experienced by caregivers in their roles.

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    Burnout

    Emotional and physical exhaustion from prolonged caregiving.

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    Reducing stress

    Self-care activities help lower stress and improve mood.

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    Neglecting personal needs

    When caregivers prioritize others over their own well-being.

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    1907 Nursing Classes

    Classes in nursing were opened in 1907 in the Philippines.

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    Entrance Examination

    Candidates for nursing classes needed to complete an entrance exam after elementary education.

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    St. Luke’s Hospital School of Nursing

    Episcopalian institution that opened in 1907 with three girls in its first class.

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    Mary Johnston School of Nursing

    Founded in 1907 from a small dispensary, focusing on training Filipino girls in nursing.

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    Act No. 2493

    Legislation in 1911 regulating nursing practice in the Philippines.

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    First True Nursing Law

    Enacted in 1919 as Act 2808, it established formal nursing legalities.

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    Board Examiners for Nursing

    Established during 1911-1921 to regulate and supervise nursing exams.

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    First Nursing Board Exam

    The inaugural nursing board examination occurred in 1920 after new regulations.

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    Act No. 2808

    A law regulating nursing practice in the Philippines, enacted on March 1, 1919.

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    Philippine Nursing Law

    Republic Act No. 877 establishes the Board of Examiners for Nurses and regulates nursing practice.

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    Nurses’ Week

    Designated week in October to celebrate nurses, established by Proclamation No. 539.

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    Professional Regulation Commission

    Established by Presidential Decree No. 223, it regulates various professions, including nursing.

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    Philippine Nursing Act of 1991

    Republic Act No. 7164 aims to improve nursing education and working conditions for nurses.

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    Scope of Nursing

    Defines the roles and responsibilities of nurses within the Philippine healthcare system.

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    Nursing Licensure Exam

    An examination that must be passed to practice nursing legally in the Philippines.

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    Philippine Nursing Act of 2002

    Republic Act 9173 repeals RA 7164 and further defines nursing education and practice.

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    Mabuting Hilot

    A good midwife who assists during labor.

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    Babaylan

    A priest physician who performed healing rituals.

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    Albularyo

    An herb doctor who uses plants for healing.

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    Practiante/Enfermero

    Male nurses recognized as assistants to Spanish friars.

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    Philippine Red Cross

    An organization developed from the efforts of women nurses during the revolution.

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    Josephine Bracken

    Wife of Jose Rizal, she provided nursing care to wounded soldiers.

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    Daughters of the Revolution

    Group founded by Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo for providing care during the revolution.

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    Melchora Aquino

    Known as ‘Tandang Sora’, she cared for wounded soldiers.

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    Resilience in Caregiving

    The ability to cope with caregiving challenges through self-care.

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    Self-Care Importance

    Nurses need self-care to be present and engaged with others.

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    Empathy in Nursing

    Practicing self-care strengthens empathy for patients and colleagues.

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    Emotional Regulation

    Self-care helps nurses manage their emotions to avoid being overwhelmed.

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    Early Beliefs in Healing

    Health and illness were influenced by mysticism and superstitions in early Philippine culture.

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    Herbal Doctors

    Practitioners using roots and leaves for healing, known as 'herb doctors'.

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    Mangkukulam

    Belief that someone may be bewitched, causing unexplained illnesses.

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    Role of Midwives

    Early childbirth was assisted by midwives, who played a vital role in maternal care.

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    Study Notes

    Criteria of a Profession

    • Nursing is gaining recognition as a profession
    • A profession is an occupation that requires extensive education and special knowledge, skill, and preparation
    • Professions differ from other occupations by having prolonged specialized training to acquire knowledge for the role
    • Professions have an orientation towards service to the community or organization
    • Professions include ongoing research and a code of ethics
    • Professions have autonomy and a professional organization

    Specialized Education for Nursing

    • Specialized education for nursing has shifted toward programs in colleges and universities
    • In the United States, five means of entry into registered nursing exist: hospital diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate degree, master's degree, and doctoral degree
    • Nursing is establishing a well-defined body of knowledge and expertise
    • Nursing theories and conceptual frameworks contribute to the knowledge base and direct nursing practice, education, and ongoing research

    Service Orientation in Nursing

    • Nursing is differentiated from other occupations, as it is primarily focused on service to others
    • Altruism, or selfless concern for others, is the hallmark of nursing
    • Nursing service must follow codes of ethics and policies
    • Nursing plays a significant role within the healthcare delivery system

    Ongoing Research in Nursing

    • Nursing research has contributed to nursing practice across different periods
    • Research in the 1940s was at an early stage of development
    • Research funding increased in the 1950s, which helped establish centers for nursing research
    • Studies in the 1960s focused on the nature of the nursing knowledge base and the practice
    • Post-70's research focused on practice-related issues

    Autonomy in Nursing

    • A profession is autonomous if it regulates itself and sets standards for its members
    • Autonomy is a key purpose of professional associations for practitioners
    • Autonomy in nursing translates to independence at work, responsibility, and accountability for one's actions, achieved best from a position of authority

    Professional Organization in Nursing

    • Professional organizations are needed to differentiate professions from occupations
    • Governance is the act of setting up structures and procedures to maintain the social, political, and economic arrangements of a professional group
    • Professional organizations are vital for nurses to oversee their practice, ensure proper self-discipline, and manage their professional affairs
    • The Philippine Nurses Association is the professional organization in the Philippines; it aims to promote the well-being of Filipino nurses and prepare them for global competitiveness
    • The association was established in 1922, by Anastacia Giron-Tupas, with headquarters in Manila

    Professional Identity Formation

    • Professional identity is influenced by the characteristics, norms, and values of the nursing discipline
    • Professional identity formation begins during one's nursing education
    • Professional identity is defined as a sense of oneself as a nurse, including individual thinking, acting, and feeling like a nurse
    • The term professional identity is replacing terms such as professional role and professionalism
    • Benner's stages of skill acquisition (novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert) explain the development of professional expertise

    Caring for Self and Others in Nursing

    • Nurses enter the workforce driven by their willingness to care for others
    • Self-care is essential for nurses to maintain personal health and professional growth
    • Self-care is crucial to continue providing care and prevents stress, exhaustion, and fatigue
    • Neglecting self-care can impact performance and decision-making

    What is Self-Care?

    • Self-care is defined as "what people do for themselves to establish and maintain health, and to prevent and deal with illness"
    • Caring for oneself allows nurses to deal with the emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion of their careers
    • Self-care reduces stress and improves the ability to provide quality care

    The Hidden Challenges of Caregiving

    • Caregivers face unique challenges like emotional strain, isolation, and neglecting personal needs
    • Emotional strain results from the constant support of others' needs, leading to anxiety, sadness, and frustration.
    • Caregiving often leads to feelings of isolation and depression due to the feeling of being alone in one's responsibilities
    • Caregivers often prioritize the needs of others at the expense of their health and well-being

    The Importance of Self-Care

    • Self-care is not a luxury, but a necessity for caregivers to be well-equipped to provide support to others
    • Engaging in self-care activities reduces stress and improves overall mood
    • Self-care is essential to prevent burnout and exhaustion in caregiving situations
    • Self-care enhances resilience, which in turn increases ability to cope with the challenges of caregiving
    • Self-care improves relationships by enabling caregivers to be present and engaged with others

    Self-Care Promotes Safety and Higher-Quality Care

    • Self-care is important in fostering empathy and kindness towards others, as well as improving communication
    • Practicing self-care strengthens the ability to empathize with patients, families, and colleagues, leading to a deeper understanding of their needs
    • Self-care helps to regulate emotions and avoid becoming overwhelmed by distressing emotions from caring for others

    Early History of Nursing in the Philippines

    • The early beliefs about health and illness in the Philippines were influenced by mysticism and superstitions
    • The cause of illness was attributed to other people or evil spirits
    • In early times, Filipinos were careful not to offend spirits for reasons of health
    • Special gods of healing and medicine men, called "word doctors" or "herbolarios," were sought for their traditional remedies

    Early Care of the Sick in the Philippines

    • Early Filipinos adhered to superstitious beliefs and practices related to health and illness
    • "Herb men" or "herbicheros" practiced a form of witchcraft
    • Sickness without an obvious cause was believed to be caused by those who engaged in witchcraft, termed "mangkukulam" or "manggagaway"
    • Difficult births and illnesses were connected, often attributed to "nunos" and midwives were sought out for assistance
    • In case of difficult births, the support of a witch doctor was sought

    Health Care During the Spanish Regime

    • Nursing during the Spanish Regime centered around basic care like nutrition, wound care, and caring for sick family members
    • Babaylan (priest physicians) or albularyo (herb doctors) may have provided interventions for those who were sick
    • Male nurses during that time were recognized as assistants to Spanish Friars, helping care for sick individuals in hospitals

    Nursing During the Philippine Revolution

    • Filipino nurses played a critical role in assisting those wounded during the war between Philippines and Spain
    • This involvement led to the development of the Philippine Red Cross

    Notable Filipino Nurses During the Revolution

    • Josephine Bracken, wife of Jose Rizal, set up a field hospital
    • Rosa Sevilla de Alvero converted her house to quarters for Filipino soldiers
    • Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo, wife of Emilio Aguinaldo, established the Hijas de la Revolución
    • Dona Maria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo provided nursing care to soldiers and served as president of the Filipino Red Cross branch
    • Kapitan Salome, a revolutionary leader, provided care to the wounded soldiers in the field, when not actively in combat
    • Melchora Aquino, known as "Tandang Sora," offered aid and shelter to wounded Filipino soldiers, providing them with food.
    • Agueda Kahabagan and Trinidad Tecson, both revolutionary leaders in Laguna and Biak-na-Bato, offered nursing services to soldiers

    Hospital School of Nursing's Formal Training (1901-1911)

    • The first hospital in the Philippines that trained Filipino nurses was the Iloilo Mission Hospital
    • The hospital, which was established by Baptist Missionaries, had no strict requirements for applicants
    • The enactment of the Pensionado Act of 1903 allowed Filipino nursing students to study in the United States

    The Start of Nursing Practice (1911–1921)

    • Act No. 2493 amended the Medical Law, allowing for the regulation of nursing practice, and allowing for the registration of graduate nurses under the Bureau of Health
    • Act No. 2808 established the Board of Examiners for Nurses in 1919
    • The first nursing board examination was administered in 1920, with a physician as the first executive officer

    June 19, 1953

    • Republic Act No. 877, also known as the Philippine Nursing Law, established the Board of Examiners for Nurses, mandating requirements for licensing and regulating the practice of nursing in the Philippines
    • This included requirements for examination, registration, refusal, revocation, and suspension of certificates, and the prohibition of nursing practice without a valid certificate

    October 17, 1958 and June 22, 1973

    • Proclamation No. 539 designated the last week of October as Nurses' Week
    • Presidential Decree No. 223 created The Professional Regulation Commission and defined its powers and functions

    October 21, 2002

    • Republic Act No. 9173, otherwise known as the "Philippine Nursing Act of 1991," established the Board of Examiners for Nurses, as well as regulated the practice of nursing in the Philippines
    • The act aimed for more responsive nursing, creating more standardized requirements and expectations for nursing professionals

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