Nursing and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Quiz

What is the purpose of pharmacologic stress testing?

To measure blood pressure response to medication
To diagnose myocardial ischemia through vasodilation (correct)
To monitor vital signs during exercise
To assess the patient's ability to exercise

What vasodilating agents are used in pharmacologic stress testing?

Lisinopril and metoprolol
Digoxin and atropine
Warfarin and clopidogrel
Dipyridamole, adenosine, or regadenoson (correct)

What are the side effects of vasodilating agents used in pharmacologic stress testing?

Cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing
Chest pain, headache, flushing, and nausea (correct)
Joint pain, fever, and fatigue
Numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness

How can the effects of vasodilating medications be reversed if necessary?

With IV aminophylline (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is used in conjunction with radionuclide imaging techniques during pharmacologic stress testing?

Vasodilating medications (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is used to reduce discomfort during transesophageal echocardiography?

Sedation and topical anesthetic agent (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common exercise method for exercise stress testing?

Treadmill walking or running (A) Signup and view all the answers

When is the exercise stress test stopped?

When target heart rate is achieved or symptoms develop (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the non-invasive ways to perform cardiac stress testing?

Exercise stress test, pharmacologic stress test, and radionucleotide imaging studies (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis during stress?

They dilate less, compromising blood flow to the myocardium (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why should pharmacologic stress tests avoid the use of xanthine derivatives?

Xanthine derivatives block the effects of vasodilating agents (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of dobutamine on the heart?

Dobutamine increases heart rate, myocardial contractility, and blood pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What medication is an alternative option for use during a pharmacologic stress test?

Dobutamine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is dobutamine the agent of choice when echocardiography is used?

Dobutamine alters myocardial wall motion due to enhanced contractility (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient refrain from consuming 24 hours before a pharmacologic stress test?

Chocolate or caffeine-containing food or liquid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration for patients to stop taking aminophylline, theophylline, or dipyridamole before a pharmacologic stress test?

24 to 48 hours before the test (A) Signup and view all the answers

What transient sensations may occur during infusion of the vasodilating agent?

Flushing or nausea (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are radioisotopes detected during radionuclide imaging studies?

Gamma scintillation camera detects radioisotopes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of myocardial perfusion imaging?

To determine arterial perfusion to the heart during activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are radioisotopes in radionuclide imaging studies?

Unstable atoms that emit energy as gamma rays (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should women who are nursing, pregnant, or think they are pregnant do before undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging?

Avoid undergoing the imaging (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common technique used in myocardial perfusion imaging?

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nurse during SPECT imaging?

Preparing the patient and inserting/assessing an IV catheter (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is Positron Emission Tomography (PET) used for in pharmacologic stress testing?

Obtaining images using a radioactive tracer chemical (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should patients refrain from using before undergoing PET during pharmacologic stress testing?

Alcohol and caffeine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can patients with diabetes on insulin discuss with their primary provider before pharmacologic stress testing (PET)?

Insulin doses and food restrictions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the nurse's role in preparing the patient for pharmacologic stress testing (PET)?

Inserting an IV or assessing the existing IV catheter (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why might patients with claustrophobia be given medications during pharmacologic stress testing (PET)?

To help them relax (A) Signup and view all the answers

What conditions can place a patient at risk for atrial or ventricular thrombi during pharmacologic stress testing (PET)?

HF, valvular heart disease, arrhythmias, and other conditions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse monitor during pharmacologic stress testing (PET)?

Level of consciousness, BP, ECG, respiration, and oxygen saturation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of techniques used in myocardial perfusion imaging?

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended after a positive stress test result?

Medication adjustment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a baseline scan in echocardiography?

To assess the patient's heart rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is injected into the IV during the echocardiography scan?

Vasodilating agent (A) Signup and view all the answers

When is myocardial perfusion imaging commonly performed?

Only for patients with previous cardiac surgeries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do reversible defects indicate in myocardial perfusion imaging?

No perfusion in the area of the myocardium (D) Signup and view all the answers

How long does a baseline scan usually take?

$2$ hours (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the patient's glucose level monitored throughout the procedure?

To assess the patient's diabetes status. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is myocardial perfusion imaging used to evaluate?

Brain activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do fixed defects indicate in myocardial perfusion imaging?

Reduced perfusion to that area of the heart (D) Signup and view all the answers