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Questions and Answers
What is a primary action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I)?
What is a primary action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I)?
- Increase blood pressure
- Cause hypertension
- Reduce proteinuria (correct)
- Worsen renal impairment
Which of the following is a nursing consideration for administering ACE inhibitors?
Which of the following is a nursing consideration for administering ACE inhibitors?
- Should be given 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after (correct)
- Must be administered with potassium supplements
- Can be administered at any time without regard to meals
- Must be given only on an empty stomach
What potential adverse effect can ACE inhibitors cause in patients without diabetes?
What potential adverse effect can ACE inhibitors cause in patients without diabetes?
- Increase in insulin sensitivity
- Dehydration due to excessive urination
- Acute hypotension upon initiation of treatment (correct)
- Immediate blood pressure elevation
Which statement accurately reflects the impact of hypertension on health risks?
Which statement accurately reflects the impact of hypertension on health risks?
Which ACE inhibitor is specifically noted for causing proteinuria in certain patients?
Which ACE inhibitor is specifically noted for causing proteinuria in certain patients?
What is the primary function of angiotensin II receptor blockers?
What is the primary function of angiotensin II receptor blockers?
Which patient population is often noted to have an ineffective response to angiotensin II receptor blockers?
Which patient population is often noted to have an ineffective response to angiotensin II receptor blockers?
What should be monitored to assess for potential side effects when a patient is on angiotensin II receptor blockers?
What should be monitored to assess for potential side effects when a patient is on angiotensin II receptor blockers?
Which medication is NOT classified as an angiotensin II receptor blocker?
Which medication is NOT classified as an angiotensin II receptor blocker?
Which of the following is a nursing consideration for patients taking angiotensin II receptor blockers?
Which of the following is a nursing consideration for patients taking angiotensin II receptor blockers?
What effect do calcium channel blockers have on renal flow?
What effect do calcium channel blockers have on renal flow?
Which of the following is a common side effect of calcium channel blockers?
Which of the following is a common side effect of calcium channel blockers?
Which calcium channel blocker can be used for patients with both hypertension and angina?
Which calcium channel blocker can be used for patients with both hypertension and angina?
What is a primary nursing consideration for patients on calcium channel blockers?
What is a primary nursing consideration for patients on calcium channel blockers?
Which calcium channel blocker is recommended as a first line treatment for African American patients?
Which calcium channel blocker is recommended as a first line treatment for African American patients?
What mechanism does amlodipine employ to lower blood pressure?
What mechanism does amlodipine employ to lower blood pressure?
When may Diltiazem be specifically used?
When may Diltiazem be specifically used?
What is an important consideration when using calcium channel blockers in combination with thiazide diuretics?
What is an important consideration when using calcium channel blockers in combination with thiazide diuretics?
What adverse effect is associated with high doses of calcium channel blockers?
What adverse effect is associated with high doses of calcium channel blockers?
Calcium channel blockers primarily affect which type of muscle?
Calcium channel blockers primarily affect which type of muscle?
What is one of the primary uses of Inderal (Propranolol)?
What is one of the primary uses of Inderal (Propranolol)?
What effect can Inderal have on glycogenolysis?
What effect can Inderal have on glycogenolysis?
Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with Inderal?
Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with Inderal?
Inderal should be used with caution in patients with which condition?
Inderal should be used with caution in patients with which condition?
How does Inderal affect early symptoms of hypoglycemia?
How does Inderal affect early symptoms of hypoglycemia?
What effect do higher levels of catecholamines have when using Inderal?
What effect do higher levels of catecholamines have when using Inderal?
What is a potential risk when using Inderal with bradycardia?
What is a potential risk when using Inderal with bradycardia?
What is a common treatment purpose for Inderal aside from hypertension?
What is a common treatment purpose for Inderal aside from hypertension?
Inderal can cause which of the following symptoms at elevated doses?
Inderal can cause which of the following symptoms at elevated doses?
What is the primary action of aspirin regarding platelet function?
What is the primary action of aspirin regarding platelet function?
What is the primary action of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
What is the primary action of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
Which consideration is important when administering Simvastatin?
Which consideration is important when administering Simvastatin?
Which of the following drugs is classified as an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor?
Which of the following drugs is classified as an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor?
What adverse effect should be monitored for in patients taking HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
What adverse effect should be monitored for in patients taking HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
Which statement accurately reflects the use of Pravastatin?
Which statement accurately reflects the use of Pravastatin?
What is a beneficial effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for women?
What is a beneficial effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for women?
What therapeutic effect does Digoxin have on the heart?
What therapeutic effect does Digoxin have on the heart?
Which of the following is not a purpose of dyslipidemia drugs?
Which of the following is not a purpose of dyslipidemia drugs?
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Study Notes
Hypertension and Its Risks
- Hypertension raises the likelihood of myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, cerebral infarction and hemorrhage, and renal disease.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-I)
- Captopril (Capoten): Reduces proteinuria; may cause prolonged elevation of creatinine.
- Lisinopril (Prinivil): Slows renal impairment progression; should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
- Benazepril (Lotensin): Beneficial for diabetes patients; can cause proteinuria.
- Enalapril (Vasotec): Effective but may induce proteinuria and acute hypotension.
- Fosinopril (Monopril): Requires monitoring for renal function and potassium levels.
- Overall action: Decreases vasoconstriction and aldosterone production, promoting vasodilation and reducing sodium and water retention.
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Losartan (Cozaar): Similar effects to ACE-I but lower risk of hyperkalemia and cough.
- Candesartan (Atacand) and Irbesartan (Avapro): Monitor for blood pressure and renal function.
- Action: Increases renal flow and enhances excretion of electrolytes.
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
- Amlodipine (Norvasc): Widely used, dilates peripheral arteries, first-line for African American patients.
- Diltiazem (Cardizem): Controls both heart rate and pressure, useful for angina.
- Nifedipine (Procardia) and Verapamil (Calan): Alternative options based on specific patient needs.
- Action: Relax vascular smooth muscle, reducing peripheral vascular resistance.
Beta Blockers
- Propranolol (Inderal): Acts on beta adrenergic receptors; useful in managing hypertension associated with tachycardia.
- Caution: Can mask hypoglycemia symptoms; caution in patients with asthma or bradycardia.
Aspirin's Role
- Suppresses platelet aggregation, mitigating thrombus formation without harming endothelial function.
Dyslipidemia Drugs - HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
- Atorvastatin (Lipitor) and others: Decrease cholesterol production; significant for heart disease prevention.
- Indicated for women with cardiovascular disease; caution against grapefruit juice interaction.
- Monitor for myopathies and liver function; be wary of muscle pain as it may indicate rhabdomyolysis.
Cardiac Glycosides
- Digoxin (Lanoxin): Enhances cardiac contractility (positive inotropic effect), beneficial in heart failure management.
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