NURS 2003H Week 1: Concept of Stress

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Questions and Answers

According to Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome, what is the initial stage of the stress response?

Alarm (correct)

Resistance

Adaptation

Exhaustion

Stress is an objective phenomenon experienced universally in the same way.

False

What are the three stages of Selye's general adaptation syndrome?

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Stress occurs when an individual perceives they cannot adequately cope with the ______ being made on them.

demands Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

Stress = A non-specific response of the body to any demand made on it General Adaptation Syndrome = A three-stage model explaining the body's response to stress Alarm Stage = The initial stage of the general adaptation syndrome, characterized by physiological changes Resistance Stage = The stage where the body attempts to adapt and cope with the stressor Exhaustion Stage = The final stage of the general adaptation syndrome, where the body's resources are depleted Signup and view all the answers

Stress is a subjective experience, meaning what is stressful to one person may not be stressful to another.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor that affects a person's perception of stress?

Social Media Usage Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the measurement tool developed by Holmes, Rahe, Masuda, and Miller to assess the impact of life changes on stress?

Social Readjustment Rating Scale Signup and view all the answers

According to the theory of stress as a transaction, individuals engage in ______ appraisal to evaluate the potential threat of a stressful situation.

primary Signup and view all the answers

Match the stress theory with its corresponding key figure(s):

Stress as a Stimulus = Holmes, Rahe, Masuda & Miller Stress as a Transaction = Lazarus & Folkman Stress as a Response = Selye Signup and view all the answers

What is allostasis?

Achieving homeostasis in the presence of a challenge Signup and view all the answers

The resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) indicates that no physical energy is being used to adapt to the stress.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

stage of exhaustion Signup and view all the answers

The ________ mediates emotions and behaviors during stress such as fear and anxiety.

Limbic System Signup and view all the answers

Match the following brain structures with their main functions:

Cerebral Cortex = Processes stress stimuli and considers future consequences Limbic System = Mediates emotions and behaviors during stress Hypothalamus = Regulates nervous and endocrine system Allostasis = Achieves homeostasis in the presence of a challenge Signup and view all the answers

What hormone primarily manages sodium and potassium levels in the body?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

The anterior pituitary gland releases cortisol directly.

False Signup and view all the answers

What physiological effect does stress have on pain perception?

It blunts the perception of pain. Signup and view all the answers

ACTH stimulates the adrenal _____ to produce cortisol.

glands Signup and view all the answers

Match the following coping strategies with their descriptions:

Emotion-focused coping = Managing emotions related to stressors Problem-focused coping = Finding solutions to problems Relaxation strategies = Techniques to decrease stress from the body Stress management techniques = Activities for coping with stressful situations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical relaxation strategy?

Problem-solving Signup and view all the answers

Gluconeogenesis refers to the process of breaking down glucose for energy.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of B-endorphins during stress?

To blunt the perception of pain. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) occurs first?

Alarm Reaction Signup and view all the answers

Epinephrine is specific to the heart and is released during the Alarm Reaction stage.

True Signup and view all the answers

What physiological response occurs during the 'fight or flight' response?

Increased heart rate and blood flow to vital organs. Signup and view all the answers

The physiological resources used to cope with stress are part of the __________ response.

neuro-endocrine immune Signup and view all the answers

Match each response or process with its corresponding description:

Epinephrine = Increases heart rate Norepinephrine = Prioritizes blood flow to core organs Cortisol = Regulates metabolism during stress Homeostasis = Return to normal equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does a person use various physiological resources to cope with stress?

Stage of Resistance Signup and view all the answers

Shallow breathing is an effective way to increase oxygen supply during acute stress.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the body's response to stress?

To return to a state of equilibrium or homeostasis. Signup and view all the answers

The process of breaking down glycogen to use as energy during stress is called __________.

glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stimuli can a person appraise as positive?

Stressors like those experienced by athletes Signup and view all the answers

According to Hans Selye, what is the non-specific response of the body to any demand made on it?

Stress Signup and view all the answers

Stress is an objective phenomenon, meaning it is experienced universally in the same way.

False Signup and view all the answers

Stress occurs when a person perceives they cannot adequately cope with the ______ being made on them.

demands Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of stress focuses on the individual's cognitive appraisal of stressors?

Stress as a Transaction Signup and view all the answers

Hardiness refers to a person's inherent ability to be resilient under stress.

False Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a positive attitude that influences how a person perceives stress?

resilience Signup and view all the answers

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was developed to measure _______ changes that impact stress.

life Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Commitment = Dedication and motivation in the face of stress Control = Belief in one's ability to influence outcomes Openness to Change = Willingness to adapt to new circumstances Internal Locus of Control = Perception that one has control over life events Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone released during stress that schedules gluconeogenesis?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

A diuretic hormone promotes urination.

True Signup and view all the answers

What physiological changes might indicate an individual's stress response?

Increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and sweating. Signup and view all the answers

The anterior pituitary gland releases____________ to stimulate the adrenal glands.

ACTH Signup and view all the answers

Match the following coping strategies with their appropriate descriptions:

Meditation = A method to achieve mindfulness and relaxation Social support = Using friends or family to manage stress Humour = A coping technique that uses laughter to relieve stress Yoga = A physical practice combining postures and breath control Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for managing sodium and potassium levels in the body?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

Emotion-focused coping strategies involve actively solving problems.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of B-endorphins during stress?

They help to blunt the perception of pain. Signup and view all the answers

What key function does the hypothalamus serve during stress?

Controls the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems Signup and view all the answers

The final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is called the stage of resistance.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for achieving homeostasis in the presence of a challenge?

allostasis Signup and view all the answers

During the resistance stage, physical energy is still being used to adapt to the ______.

stress Signup and view all the answers

Match the physiological responses to their corresponding brain structures:

Cerebral Cortex = Processes stress stimuli and considers consequences Limbic System = Mediates emotions such as fear and anxiety Hypothalamus = Regulates the nervous system under stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary physiological response during the Alarm Reaction stage?

Activation of the 'fight or flight' response Signup and view all the answers

The Stage of Exhaustion occurs when the body has successfully adapted to the stress.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) consist of?

Alarm Reaction, Stage of Resistance, Stage of Exhaustion Signup and view all the answers

During stress, the body prioritizes blood flow to the __________ organs.

vital Signup and view all the answers

Match each stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome with its description:

Alarm Reaction = Initial response to stress, activating fight or flight Stage of Resistance = Adaptation to stress, sustained physiological response Stage of Exhaustion = Depletion of resources, leading to burnout Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is specifically related to the peripheral vascular system during stress?

Norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Stressors can always be positively appraised as eustress.

False Signup and view all the answers

What physiological response occurs to the vessels during the 'fight or flight' response?

Vessels get smaller Signup and view all the answers

The process of using stored glycogen for energy during stress is called __________.

glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

What kind of stress is characterized by the body’s acute 'fight or flight' response?

Acute stress Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

NURS 2003H Nursing Therapeutics - Week 1 Lecture: The Concept of Stress

This week's lecture focuses on the concept of stress, including definitions, theories, and physiological effects.
Key objectives include discussing stress definitions and theories, examining Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), exploring the role of nervous and endocrine systems in stress, and describing physiological effects and management strategies.
Stress is a nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it (Selye).
Stress is subjective; what is stressful to one person may not be to another. Uplifts and hassles can influence perception.
Stress is a phenomenon; it can be difficult to describe internal mechanisms causing individual differences.
Stress as a stimulus: The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measures stress from life events. Frequent changes in life increase stress risk. Examples include death of a spouse, divorce, and personal injury.
Stress as a transaction (Lazarus and Folkman): Neuro-scientific way of appraising stress cognitively through primary and secondary appraisal.
Stress as a response (Selye's GAS): Consists of three stages:
- Alarm Reaction: A "fight or flight" response involving increased heart rate, breathing, and physiological changes (e.g., vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, increased cardiac output).
- Stage of Resistance: The body uses resources to cope with stress, maintaining function physically. This stage builds resilience to some extent.
- Stage of Exhaustion: Physical resources are depleted; symptoms vary but can include increase in mental alertness, normalization of vital signs prior to death. Treatment is needed if the person is not adapting.
Physiological responses to stress:
- Cerebral Cortex: Processes stress stimuli and past experiences.
- Limbic System: Relays information, involved in emotions (fear, anxiety).
- Hypothalamus: Regulates the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS).
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Response to Stress: This section details the hormonal cascade: stress stimulates hypothalamus, releasing CRH, triggering ACTH from the anterior pituitary and finally stimulating cortisol release, and the physiological effects/responses, such as increased heart rate, breathing rate, blood glucose, and decreased digestion.
Coping strategies:
- Emotion-focused coping: Manage stress-related emotions. May involve meditation, yoga, and relaxation activities. Box breathing is also mentioned.
- Problem-focused coping: Identify and solve problems.
Specific coping strategies: Relaxation breathing, meditation, imagery, music, muscle relaxation, thought stopping, humour, assertive behaviour, social support, journal keeping, colouring, and biofeedback are all options. The importance of a positive attitude in stress management is also highlighted.

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Description

This quiz covers the concept of stress as discussed in NURS 2003H's Week 1 lecture. It includes definitions, theories, and the physiological effects of stress, focusing on Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome and the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems. Understanding individual differences in stress perception is also addressed.

NURS 2003H Week 1: Concept of Stress

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Podcast

Questions and Answers

According to Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome, what is the initial stage of the stress response?

Stress is an objective phenomenon experienced universally in the same way.

What are the three stages of Selye's general adaptation syndrome?

Stress occurs when an individual perceives they cannot adequately cope with the ______ being made on them.

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

Stress is a subjective experience, meaning what is stressful to one person may not be stressful to another.

Which of these is NOT a factor that affects a person's perception of stress?

What is the name of the measurement tool developed by Holmes, Rahe, Masuda, and Miller to assess the impact of life changes on stress?

According to the theory of stress as a transaction, individuals engage in ______ appraisal to evaluate the potential threat of a stressful situation.

Match the stress theory with its corresponding key figure(s):

What is allostasis?

The resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) indicates that no physical energy is being used to adapt to the stress.

What is the final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

The ________ mediates emotions and behaviors during stress such as fear and anxiety.

Match the following brain structures with their main functions:

What hormone primarily manages sodium and potassium levels in the body?

The anterior pituitary gland releases cortisol directly.

What physiological effect does stress have on pain perception?

ACTH stimulates the adrenal _____ to produce cortisol.

Match the following coping strategies with their descriptions:

Which of the following is NOT a typical relaxation strategy?

Gluconeogenesis refers to the process of breaking down glucose for energy.

What is the primary role of B-endorphins during stress?

Which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) occurs first?

Epinephrine is specific to the heart and is released during the Alarm Reaction stage.

What physiological response occurs during the 'fight or flight' response?

The physiological resources used to cope with stress are part of the __________ response.

Match each response or process with its corresponding description:

During which stage does a person use various physiological resources to cope with stress?

Shallow breathing is an effective way to increase oxygen supply during acute stress.

What is the primary function of the body's response to stress?

The process of breaking down glycogen to use as energy during stress is called __________.

Which of the following stimuli can a person appraise as positive?

According to Hans Selye, what is the non-specific response of the body to any demand made on it?

Stress is an objective phenomenon, meaning it is experienced universally in the same way.

Stress occurs when a person perceives they cannot adequately cope with the ______ being made on them.

Which theory of stress focuses on the individual's cognitive appraisal of stressors?

Hardiness refers to a person's inherent ability to be resilient under stress.

What term describes a positive attitude that influences how a person perceives stress?

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was developed to measure _______ changes that impact stress.

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

What is the primary hormone released during stress that schedules gluconeogenesis?

A diuretic hormone promotes urination.

What physiological changes might indicate an individual's stress response?

The anterior pituitary gland releases____________ to stimulate the adrenal glands.

Match the following coping strategies with their appropriate descriptions:

Which hormone is responsible for managing sodium and potassium levels in the body?

Emotion-focused coping strategies involve actively solving problems.

What is the effect of B-endorphins during stress?

What key function does the hypothalamus serve during stress?

The final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is called the stage of resistance.

What is the term used for achieving homeostasis in the presence of a challenge?

During the resistance stage, physical energy is still being used to adapt to the ______.

Match the physiological responses to their corresponding brain structures:

What is the primary physiological response during the Alarm Reaction stage?

The Stage of Exhaustion occurs when the body has successfully adapted to the stress.

What does Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) consist of?

During stress, the body prioritizes blood flow to the __________ organs.

Match each stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome with its description:

Which of the following neurotransmitters is specifically related to the peripheral vascular system during stress?

Stressors can always be positively appraised as eustress.

What physiological response occurs to the vessels during the 'fight or flight' response?

The process of using stored glycogen for energy during stress is called __________.

What kind of stress is characterized by the body’s acute 'fight or flight' response?

Study Notes

NURS 2003H Nursing Therapeutics - Week 1 Lecture: The Concept of Stress

Studying That Suits You

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