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Questions and Answers
According to Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome, what is the initial stage of the stress response?
According to Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome, what is the initial stage of the stress response?
- Alarm (correct)
- Resistance
- Adaptation
- Exhaustion
Stress is an objective phenomenon experienced universally in the same way.
Stress is an objective phenomenon experienced universally in the same way.
False (B)
What are the three stages of Selye's general adaptation syndrome?
What are the three stages of Selye's general adaptation syndrome?
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Stress occurs when an individual perceives they cannot adequately cope with the ______ being made on them.
Stress occurs when an individual perceives they cannot adequately cope with the ______ being made on them.
Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:
Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:
Stress is a subjective experience, meaning what is stressful to one person may not be stressful to another.
Stress is a subjective experience, meaning what is stressful to one person may not be stressful to another.
Which of these is NOT a factor that affects a person's perception of stress?
Which of these is NOT a factor that affects a person's perception of stress?
What is the name of the measurement tool developed by Holmes, Rahe, Masuda, and Miller to assess the impact of life changes on stress?
What is the name of the measurement tool developed by Holmes, Rahe, Masuda, and Miller to assess the impact of life changes on stress?
According to the theory of stress as a transaction, individuals engage in ______ appraisal to evaluate the potential threat of a stressful situation.
According to the theory of stress as a transaction, individuals engage in ______ appraisal to evaluate the potential threat of a stressful situation.
Match the stress theory with its corresponding key figure(s):
Match the stress theory with its corresponding key figure(s):
What is allostasis?
What is allostasis?
The resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) indicates that no physical energy is being used to adapt to the stress.
The resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) indicates that no physical energy is being used to adapt to the stress.
What is the final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
What is the final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
The ________ mediates emotions and behaviors during stress such as fear and anxiety.
The ________ mediates emotions and behaviors during stress such as fear and anxiety.
Match the following brain structures with their main functions:
Match the following brain structures with their main functions:
What hormone primarily manages sodium and potassium levels in the body?
What hormone primarily manages sodium and potassium levels in the body?
The anterior pituitary gland releases cortisol directly.
The anterior pituitary gland releases cortisol directly.
What physiological effect does stress have on pain perception?
What physiological effect does stress have on pain perception?
ACTH stimulates the adrenal _____ to produce cortisol.
ACTH stimulates the adrenal _____ to produce cortisol.
Match the following coping strategies with their descriptions:
Match the following coping strategies with their descriptions:
Which of the following is NOT a typical relaxation strategy?
Which of the following is NOT a typical relaxation strategy?
Gluconeogenesis refers to the process of breaking down glucose for energy.
Gluconeogenesis refers to the process of breaking down glucose for energy.
What is the primary role of B-endorphins during stress?
What is the primary role of B-endorphins during stress?
Which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) occurs first?
Which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) occurs first?
Epinephrine is specific to the heart and is released during the Alarm Reaction stage.
Epinephrine is specific to the heart and is released during the Alarm Reaction stage.
What physiological response occurs during the 'fight or flight' response?
What physiological response occurs during the 'fight or flight' response?
The physiological resources used to cope with stress are part of the __________ response.
The physiological resources used to cope with stress are part of the __________ response.
Match each response or process with its corresponding description:
Match each response or process with its corresponding description:
During which stage does a person use various physiological resources to cope with stress?
During which stage does a person use various physiological resources to cope with stress?
Shallow breathing is an effective way to increase oxygen supply during acute stress.
Shallow breathing is an effective way to increase oxygen supply during acute stress.
What is the primary function of the body's response to stress?
What is the primary function of the body's response to stress?
The process of breaking down glycogen to use as energy during stress is called __________.
The process of breaking down glycogen to use as energy during stress is called __________.
Which of the following stimuli can a person appraise as positive?
Which of the following stimuli can a person appraise as positive?
According to Hans Selye, what is the non-specific response of the body to any demand made on it?
According to Hans Selye, what is the non-specific response of the body to any demand made on it?
Stress is an objective phenomenon, meaning it is experienced universally in the same way.
Stress is an objective phenomenon, meaning it is experienced universally in the same way.
Stress occurs when a person perceives they cannot adequately cope with the ______ being made on them.
Stress occurs when a person perceives they cannot adequately cope with the ______ being made on them.
Which theory of stress focuses on the individual's cognitive appraisal of stressors?
Which theory of stress focuses on the individual's cognitive appraisal of stressors?
Hardiness refers to a person's inherent ability to be resilient under stress.
Hardiness refers to a person's inherent ability to be resilient under stress.
What term describes a positive attitude that influences how a person perceives stress?
What term describes a positive attitude that influences how a person perceives stress?
The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was developed to measure _______ changes that impact stress.
The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was developed to measure _______ changes that impact stress.
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
What is the primary hormone released during stress that schedules gluconeogenesis?
What is the primary hormone released during stress that schedules gluconeogenesis?
A diuretic hormone promotes urination.
A diuretic hormone promotes urination.
What physiological changes might indicate an individual's stress response?
What physiological changes might indicate an individual's stress response?
The anterior pituitary gland releases____________ to stimulate the adrenal glands.
The anterior pituitary gland releases____________ to stimulate the adrenal glands.
Match the following coping strategies with their appropriate descriptions:
Match the following coping strategies with their appropriate descriptions:
Which hormone is responsible for managing sodium and potassium levels in the body?
Which hormone is responsible for managing sodium and potassium levels in the body?
Emotion-focused coping strategies involve actively solving problems.
Emotion-focused coping strategies involve actively solving problems.
What is the effect of B-endorphins during stress?
What is the effect of B-endorphins during stress?
What key function does the hypothalamus serve during stress?
What key function does the hypothalamus serve during stress?
The final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is called the stage of resistance.
The final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is called the stage of resistance.
What is the term used for achieving homeostasis in the presence of a challenge?
What is the term used for achieving homeostasis in the presence of a challenge?
During the resistance stage, physical energy is still being used to adapt to the ______.
During the resistance stage, physical energy is still being used to adapt to the ______.
Match the physiological responses to their corresponding brain structures:
Match the physiological responses to their corresponding brain structures:
What is the primary physiological response during the Alarm Reaction stage?
What is the primary physiological response during the Alarm Reaction stage?
The Stage of Exhaustion occurs when the body has successfully adapted to the stress.
The Stage of Exhaustion occurs when the body has successfully adapted to the stress.
What does Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) consist of?
What does Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) consist of?
During stress, the body prioritizes blood flow to the __________ organs.
During stress, the body prioritizes blood flow to the __________ organs.
Match each stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome with its description:
Match each stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome with its description:
Which of the following neurotransmitters is specifically related to the peripheral vascular system during stress?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is specifically related to the peripheral vascular system during stress?
Stressors can always be positively appraised as eustress.
Stressors can always be positively appraised as eustress.
What physiological response occurs to the vessels during the 'fight or flight' response?
What physiological response occurs to the vessels during the 'fight or flight' response?
The process of using stored glycogen for energy during stress is called __________.
The process of using stored glycogen for energy during stress is called __________.
What kind of stress is characterized by the body’s acute 'fight or flight' response?
What kind of stress is characterized by the body’s acute 'fight or flight' response?
Flashcards
Stress (Selye)
Stress (Selye)
A non-specific response of the body to any demand made on it.
Stress (Folkman & Lazarus)
Stress (Folkman & Lazarus)
Occurs when one perceives they cannot adequately cope with demands made on them or their well-being is threatened.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
A three-stage response to stress, involving: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
Alarm Stage (GAS)
Alarm Stage (GAS)
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Resistance Stage (GAS)
Resistance Stage (GAS)
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Stress is Subjective
Stress is Subjective
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Uplifts
Uplifts
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Hassles
Hassles
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Hardiness
Hardiness
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Sense of Coherence
Sense of Coherence
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Allostasis
Allostasis
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Alarm Stage
Alarm Stage
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Resistance Stage
Resistance Stage
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Exhaustion Stage
Exhaustion Stage
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Limbic System
Limbic System
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Aldosterone
Aldosterone
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Stress Response
Stress Response
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Cortisol
Cortisol
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Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)
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Beta-Endorphins
Beta-Endorphins
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ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
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Problem-Focused Coping
Problem-Focused Coping
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Emotion-Focused Coping
Emotion-Focused Coping
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Stress Appraisal
Stress Appraisal
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Alarm Reaction
Alarm Reaction
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Sympathoadrenal Response
Sympathoadrenal Response
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Stage of Resistance
Stage of Resistance
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Stage of Exhaustion
Stage of Exhaustion
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Neuro-Endocrine Immune Response
Neuro-Endocrine Immune Response
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis
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Stroke Volume
Stroke Volume
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Stress
Stress
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Stress (definition)
Stress (definition)
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Stress (Selye’s definition)
Stress (Selye’s definition)
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Alarm Stage of GAS
Alarm Stage of GAS
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Resistance Stage of GAS
Resistance Stage of GAS
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Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
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General Adaptation Syndrome
General Adaptation Syndrome
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Internal Locus of Control
Internal Locus of Control
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What is aldosterone?
What is aldosterone?
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What is cortisol?
What is cortisol?
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What is POMC?
What is POMC?
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What is ACTH?
What is ACTH?
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What are Beta-endorphins?
What are Beta-endorphins?
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What is problem-focused coping?
What is problem-focused coping?
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What is emotion-focused coping?
What is emotion-focused coping?
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What is the stress response?
What is the stress response?
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Study Notes
NURS 2003H Nursing Therapeutics - Week 1 Lecture: The Concept of Stress
- This week's lecture focuses on the concept of stress, including definitions, theories, and physiological effects.
- Key objectives include discussing stress definitions and theories, examining Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), exploring the role of nervous and endocrine systems in stress, and describing physiological effects and management strategies.
- Stress is a nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it (Selye).
- Stress is subjective; what is stressful to one person may not be to another. Uplifts and hassles can influence perception.
- Stress is a phenomenon; it can be difficult to describe internal mechanisms causing individual differences.
- Stress as a stimulus: The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measures stress from life events. Frequent changes in life increase stress risk. Examples include death of a spouse, divorce, and personal injury.
- Stress as a transaction (Lazarus and Folkman): Neuro-scientific way of appraising stress cognitively through primary and secondary appraisal.
- Stress as a response (Selye's GAS): Consists of three stages:
- Alarm Reaction: A "fight or flight" response involving increased heart rate, breathing, and physiological changes (e.g., vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, increased cardiac output).
- Stage of Resistance: The body uses resources to cope with stress, maintaining function physically. This stage builds resilience to some extent.
- Stage of Exhaustion: Physical resources are depleted; symptoms vary but can include increase in mental alertness, normalization of vital signs prior to death. Treatment is needed if the person is not adapting.
- Physiological responses to stress:
- Cerebral Cortex: Processes stress stimuli and past experiences.
- Limbic System: Relays information, involved in emotions (fear, anxiety).
- Hypothalamus: Regulates the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS).
- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Response to Stress: This section details the hormonal cascade: stress stimulates hypothalamus, releasing CRH, triggering ACTH from the anterior pituitary and finally stimulating cortisol release, and the physiological effects/responses, such as increased heart rate, breathing rate, blood glucose, and decreased digestion.
- Coping strategies:
- Emotion-focused coping: Manage stress-related emotions. May involve meditation, yoga, and relaxation activities. Box breathing is also mentioned.
- Problem-focused coping: Identify and solve problems.
- Specific coping strategies: Relaxation breathing, meditation, imagery, music, muscle relaxation, thought stopping, humour, assertive behaviour, social support, journal keeping, colouring, and biofeedback are all options. The importance of a positive attitude in stress management is also highlighted.
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Description
This quiz covers the concept of stress as discussed in NURS 2003H's Week 1 lecture. It includes definitions, theories, and the physiological effects of stress, focusing on Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome and the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems. Understanding individual differences in stress perception is also addressed.
