NURS 1110: Biochemistry Lecture 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of biochemistry as a field of study?

The structure and function of organelles

The breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

The classification of elements in the periodic table

The study of the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living organisms (correct)

What is the charge of a proton?

(+) (correct)

Variable

(-)

What is the location of electrons in an atom?

Organelle

Molecule

Orbital/Shell (correct)

Nucleus

What is the main purpose of the periodic table?

To arrange elements by the number of protons in each element Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest unit of a substance that can exist by itself or be combined with other atoms to form a molecule?

Atom Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peroxisomes in a cell?

To detoxify and remove harmful metabolites Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is involved in DNA replication and forms cilia and sperm tails?

Centrioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microvilli in a cell?

To increase the surface area of cells and facilitate absorption and secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nuclear envelope?

To control the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells does not have a nucleus?

Red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of flagella in a cell?

To allow cells to move Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the centromere?

To hold chromatids together Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for chromosomes of the same size and centromere location?

Homologous chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condensed form of a DNA strand?

Chromatid Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the structural features of the cell?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?

ATP generation through cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Ribosome attachment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Golgi Complex in a cell?

Protein reception and finishing Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that seals between adjacent cells?

Tight Junctions Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fluid inside a cell, excluding the nucleus and mitochondria?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the plasma membrane?

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of pyruvate oxidation in a cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is inherited from one's mother in a cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Introduction

Course code: NURS 1110
Credits: 3
Course delivery: Lectures with in-class demonstrations
Course assessment: In-course exams, group project, and multiple sclerosis
Textbook: Handbook of Applied Biochemistry, Nutrition and Dietetics for Nursing and Allied Health Students

Unit 1 - Molecules and Chemical Reactions

Week 1-3: Introduction to biochemistry, molecules, and chemical reactions
Definition of biochemistry: Study of the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living organisms
Definition of an atom: Smallest particle of a substance that can exist by itself or be combined with other atoms to form a molecule

Atomic Structure

Components of an atom: Proton, electron, and neutron
Proton: Positive charge, mass 1, located in the nucleus
Electron: Negative charge, mass 1/1840, located in the orbital/shell
Neutron: No charge, mass 1, located in the nucleus

Cell Structure and Function

Cell components: Plasma membrane, cytosol, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, peroxisomes, centrioles, and nucleus
Plasma membrane: Separates the cell from the external environment, selectively permeable, and has special surface structures for attachment and communication
Cytosol: Intracellular fluid inside a cell, separate from the nucleus and mitochondria
Cytoplasm: Content within a cell membrane, excluding the nucleus
Mitochondria: Sites of cellular respiration, responsible for ATP production from food molecules
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): Membrane-bound channels, provides skeletal support to the cell, and has two types: rough ER (protein synthesis) and smooth ER (lipid synthesis)
Golgi complex: Membrane-bound structure, responsible for protein reception, finishing, packaging, and transportation
Peroxisomes: Circular membrane-bound structures, contain enzyme peroxidases, and detoxify by removing harmful metabolites
Centrioles: Rod-shaped structures, used in DNA replication, and form into cilia and sperm tails
Nucleus: Spherical structure, stores genetic material, and has a double membrane with nuclear pores

Special Cell Structures

Microvilli: Microscopic cellular membrane protrusions, increase surface area, and minimize volume increase
Cilia: Slender tubes that project from the cell body, serve as sensory organelles
Flagella: Whip-like structures, allow cells to move, and are used for locomotion

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Description

This is a biochemistry lecture note for NURS 1110 students, covering an introduction to cells and basic concepts. It's taught by Andrew S. Dhanoo, a PhD candidate, at the University of the West Indies. The lecture is part of the School of Nursing and Department of Life Sciences.

NURS 1110: Biochemistry Lecture 1 - Intro to Cells

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