23 Questions
What is the primary focus of biochemistry as a field of study?
The study of the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living organisms
What is the charge of a proton?
(+)
What is the location of electrons in an atom?
Orbital/Shell
What is the main purpose of the periodic table?
To arrange elements by the number of protons in each element
What is the smallest unit of a substance that can exist by itself or be combined with other atoms to form a molecule?
Atom
What is the primary function of peroxisomes in a cell?
To detoxify and remove harmful metabolites
Which of the following organelles is involved in DNA replication and forms cilia and sperm tails?
Centrioles
What is the function of microvilli in a cell?
To increase the surface area of cells and facilitate absorption and secretion
What is the primary function of the nuclear envelope?
To control the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus
Which of the following cells does not have a nucleus?
Red blood cells
What is the function of flagella in a cell?
To allow cells to move
What is the primary function of the centromere?
To hold chromatids together
What is the term for chromosomes of the same size and centromere location?
Homologous chromosomes
What is the term for the condensed form of a DNA strand?
Chromatid
What is one of the structural features of the cell?
Plasma membrane
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
ATP generation through cellular respiration
What is the main difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
Ribosome attachment
What is the purpose of the Golgi Complex in a cell?
Protein reception and finishing
What is the name of the structure that seals between adjacent cells?
Tight Junctions
What is the name of the fluid inside a cell, excluding the nucleus and mitochondria?
Cytosol
What is the primary component of the plasma membrane?
Lipids
What is the site of pyruvate oxidation in a cell?
Mitochondria
What is inherited from one's mother in a cell?
Mitochondria
Study Notes
Course Introduction
- Course code: NURS 1110
- Credits: 3
- Course delivery: Lectures with in-class demonstrations
- Course assessment: In-course exams, group project, and multiple sclerosis
- Textbook: Handbook of Applied Biochemistry, Nutrition and Dietetics for Nursing and Allied Health Students
Unit 1 - Molecules and Chemical Reactions
- Week 1-3: Introduction to biochemistry, molecules, and chemical reactions
- Definition of biochemistry: Study of the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living organisms
- Definition of an atom: Smallest particle of a substance that can exist by itself or be combined with other atoms to form a molecule
Atomic Structure
- Components of an atom: Proton, electron, and neutron
- Proton: Positive charge, mass 1, located in the nucleus
- Electron: Negative charge, mass 1/1840, located in the orbital/shell
- Neutron: No charge, mass 1, located in the nucleus
Cell Structure and Function
- Cell components: Plasma membrane, cytosol, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, peroxisomes, centrioles, and nucleus
- Plasma membrane: Separates the cell from the external environment, selectively permeable, and has special surface structures for attachment and communication
- Cytosol: Intracellular fluid inside a cell, separate from the nucleus and mitochondria
- Cytoplasm: Content within a cell membrane, excluding the nucleus
- Mitochondria: Sites of cellular respiration, responsible for ATP production from food molecules
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): Membrane-bound channels, provides skeletal support to the cell, and has two types: rough ER (protein synthesis) and smooth ER (lipid synthesis)
- Golgi complex: Membrane-bound structure, responsible for protein reception, finishing, packaging, and transportation
- Peroxisomes: Circular membrane-bound structures, contain enzyme peroxidases, and detoxify by removing harmful metabolites
- Centrioles: Rod-shaped structures, used in DNA replication, and form into cilia and sperm tails
- Nucleus: Spherical structure, stores genetic material, and has a double membrane with nuclear pores
Special Cell Structures
- Microvilli: Microscopic cellular membrane protrusions, increase surface area, and minimize volume increase
- Cilia: Slender tubes that project from the cell body, serve as sensory organelles
- Flagella: Whip-like structures, allow cells to move, and are used for locomotion
This is a biochemistry lecture note for NURS 1110 students, covering an introduction to cells and basic concepts. It's taught by Andrew S. Dhanoo, a PhD candidate, at the University of the West Indies. The lecture is part of the School of Nursing and Department of Life Sciences.
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