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Questions and Answers
What is ASCVD?
What is ASCVD?
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
List four antiplatelets.
List four antiplatelets.
Aspirin, Ticagrelor, Clopidogrel, Tirofiban
What is patient education for someone diagnosed with hyperlipidemia? (Select all that apply)
What is patient education for someone diagnosed with hyperlipidemia? (Select all that apply)
A patient is diagnosed with hyperlipidemia and is prescribed medication. Which of the following education is correct? (SATA)
A patient is diagnosed with hyperlipidemia and is prescribed medication. Which of the following education is correct? (SATA)
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What medications can be given to improve cardiac contractility?
What medications can be given to improve cardiac contractility?
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What do the terms inotropic and contractility mean?
What do the terms inotropic and contractility mean?
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What are four classes of antiarrhythmics?
What are four classes of antiarrhythmics?
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What is adenosine used to treat?
What is adenosine used to treat?
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What is common in the MOA of all antiarrhythmics?
What is common in the MOA of all antiarrhythmics?
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With what two diseases do we worry most about fluid overload?
With what two diseases do we worry most about fluid overload?
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Why do all patients with atrial fibrillation need to be on an anticoagulant?
Why do all patients with atrial fibrillation need to be on an anticoagulant?
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What is the reversal agent for warfarin?
What is the reversal agent for warfarin?
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What is the formula for cardiac output?
What is the formula for cardiac output?
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What are the six rights of medication administration?
What are the six rights of medication administration?
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What is bruising a sign of?
What is bruising a sign of?
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What drug has the longest half-life this module?
What drug has the longest half-life this module?
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What medication should be taken with food?
What medication should be taken with food?
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What electrolytes does digoxin impact?
What electrolytes does digoxin impact?
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What affects does a high afterload have on stroke volume?
What affects does a high afterload have on stroke volume?
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Are oral anticoagulants and oral antiplatelet medications available via IV?
Are oral anticoagulants and oral antiplatelet medications available via IV?
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What is the target level for total cholesterol?
What is the target level for total cholesterol?
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What is the target level for low-density lipoprotein (LDL)?
What is the target level for low-density lipoprotein (LDL)?
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What is the target level for triglycerides?
What is the target level for triglycerides?
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What is the target level for high-density lipoprotein (HDL)?
What is the target level for high-density lipoprotein (HDL)?
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Study Notes
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD)
- Determines the need for statin therapy in patients and the appropriate dosage levels (low, medium, high).
Antiplatelet Medications
- Common antiplatelets include: Aspirin, Ticagrelor, Clopidogrel, and Tirofiban.
Patient Education for Hyperlipidemia
- Recommendations include weight reduction, increased exercise, and reduced intake of saturated fats.
Medication Adherence for Hyperlipidemia Patients
- Educate patients to take medication at bedtime, maintain a diet and exercise regimen, and routinely check labs.
Medications Improving Cardiac Contractility
- Medications such as Amrinone, Milrinone, Dobutamine, and Digoxin enhance heart contractility.
Concepts of Inotropic and Contractility
- These terms refer to increasing the strength and force of heart contractions.
Classes of Antiarrhythmics
- Includes: Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers), Class II (Beta Blockers), Class III (Potassium Channel Blockers), Class IV (Calcium Channel Blockers).
Adenosine Use
- Primarily used to treat supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) by lowering heart rate.
Mechanism of Action in Antiarrhythmics
- All antiarrhythmics primarily function to reduce heart rate.
Diseases Concerned with Fluid Overload
- Most concern arises in heart failure and kidney disease patients.
Anticoagulant Necessity in Atrial Fibrillation
- To prevent stroke and clot formation.
Reversal Agents
- Warfarin: Vitamin K
- Heparin: Protamine sulfate
- Rivaroxaban: Andexanet alfa
- Dabigatran: Idarucizumab
- General reversal for antiplatelets: Platelets
- General reversal for anticoagulants: Plasma
Amiodarone Black Box Warnings
- Includes pro-arrhythmic effects, pulmonary toxicity, and hepatotoxicity.
Cardiac Output Calculation
- Cardiac output is determined by the formula: Stroke Volume x Heart Rate.
Understanding Preload
- Refers to the volume returning to the heart; optimal levels depend on patient condition.
Understanding Afterload
- Indicates the pressure the heart must work against; managing it depends on the patient's blood pressure status.
Monitoring for Respiratory Infection
- Medications like Betablockers and Amiodarone warrant caution due to risk signs.
Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for Heart Failure
- Recommendations include restricting salt and fluid intake.
Beta Blocker Indications
- Treats conditions such as anxiety, hypertension, heart failure, and dysrhythmias.
Types of Beta Blockers
- Include Non-Selective (e.g., Propranolol), Cardio Selective (e.g., Torsemide), and Cardio Selective with vasodilator effects.
Anticoagulant vs. Antiplatelet Mechanisms
- Anticoagulants prevent clotting, while antiplatelets inhibit platelets from aggregating.
Over-the-Counter Antiplatelet
- Aspirin is commonly available as an OTC option.
Patient Education for Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets
- Includes bleeding precautions and signs like bleeding gums or bruising.
Heparin's Role in Myocardial Infarction
- Prevents further clot formation and reduces damage during myocardial infarction.
Labs to Monitor with Warfarin
- Requires monitoring of PT and INR levels regularly.
Indications for Alteplase
- Used in cases such as stroke, heart attack, and pulmonary embolism.
Digoxin Administration
- Requires assessment of apical pulse beforehand.
Medications to Hold with Bradycardia
- Include Amiodarone, Labetalol, and Digoxin among others.
Teachings related to TPA Administration
- Avoid in patients with recent surgery, trauma, or uncontrolled hypertension.
First-Line Drug Class for Hyperlipidemia
- Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are commonly prescribed.
Foods Rich in Vitamin K
- Includes broccoli and other leafy green vegetables.
Adverse Effects of Ezetimibe
- Common side effect noted is nasopharyngitis.
Monoclonal Antibodies for High LDL Treatment
- Includes Alirocumab and Evolocumab, aimed at lowering LDL levels.
Target Cholesterol Levels
- Total cholesterol: under 200
- LDL: under 100
- Triglycerides: under 150
- HDL: over 50 in females, over 40 in males.
Warfarin Interaction Alerts
- Notable for highly interactive potential with various medications.
DOAC Preference Reasons
- They require less lab monitoring and have fewer interactions.
Common Side Effects of Statins
- Muscle aches and discomfort are frequently observed.
Six Rights of Medication Administration
- Include drug, dose, documentation, patient, route, and timing.
Ejection Fraction
- Refers to the percentage of blood the left ventricle ejects, approximately 55%-70%.
Hypertensive Emergency Threshold
- Defined as a blood pressure reading of 180/120.
Shock Monitoring Priorities
- Blood pressure is the most critical vital sign to monitor in shock conditions.
Gemfibrozil Administration
- Should be taken with food to enhance efficacy.
Digoxin Impact
- It mainly affects potassium levels in the body.
Starting Treatment for Hyperlipidemia
- Usually initiated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors like Atorvastatin or Rosuvastatin.
High Afterload Effects
- Result in decreased stroke volume performance.
Assessment of Polyuria
- Important in cases of diabetes, kidney, heart issues, or during fluid administration.
Cardiovascular Diseases Associated with CVD
- Includes myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
Isosorbide Dinitrate Usage
- Prescribed for heart failure and commonly given alongside hydralazine.
Furosemide Administration Rate
- Recommended to be administered at 20mg/min.
Role of Lifestyle Modifications in Managing Hyperlipidemia
- Helpful, but most patients will still require medication for management.
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Description
This quiz covers topics related to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) and other health-related concepts. Prepare for your NUR 354 exam with this study guide.
