NUR 334 Exam 1 (Pharm 1)
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Questions and Answers

Usually food has what effect on drug dissolution and absorption?

  • Delays dissolution
  • Interferes with absorption (correct)
  • No effect
  • Enhances absorption

What occurs during the vascular phase of inflammation?

Vasodilation with increased capillary permeability

What should concern the nurse about a client taking NSAIDs who complains of heartburn?

Further investigation is needed

How does the NSAID work?

<p>It inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins, reducing pain and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of early toxicity related to aspirin?

<p>Tinnitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of aspirin in large doses?

<p>Approximately 15-30 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which manifestations should concern the nurse regarding large doses of aspirin?

<p>GI distress if not taken with food</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should concern the RN about a 25-year-old client with asthma prescribed aspirin?

<p>Aspirin can cause bronchospasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug absorption has the greatest bioavailability?

<p>IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best description of a drug's serum half-life?

<p>The time required after absorption for half of the drug to be eliminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors most commonly affect a drug's action? (Select all that apply)

<p>Stress (A), Fasting (B), Pain (C), Hunger (D), Poor circulation (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excretion or elimination primarily occurs by which organ?

<p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best determinant of the biologic activity of a drug?

<p>The fit of the drug at the receptor site</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug prevents or inhibits a cellular response?

<p>Antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which indicator measures the margin of safety of a drug?

<p>Therapeutic index</p> Signup and view all the answers

To avoid drug toxicity, how often should blood levels be drawn?

<p>At periodic intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information should the nurse provide to an individual taking NSAIDs? (Select all that apply)

<p>Client should report epigastric distress (A), Client should observe for tarry stools and bruising with extended use (B), Clients with menstrual flow should avoid NSAIDs during heavy flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding anti-gout agents?

<p>Colchicine is used for an acute gout attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

When discontinuing steroid therapy, how many days should the dosage be tapered over?

<p>5 to 10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information should be included when planning patient education regarding antigout drugs? (Select all that apply)

<p>Avoid alcohol and caffeine (A), Avoid foods high in purine (B), Take medication with food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most relevant to the relief of chronic pain?

<p>Use of drugs with long half-lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opioid antagonist used to treat an overdose of morphine-like substances?

<p>Naloxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Withdrawal symptoms usually occur how many hours after the opioid dose?

<p>8-24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the RN assess to check if a client taking morphine for post-operative pain is having side effects?

<p>Urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the client do if they experience dizzy spells while taking morphine?

<p>You should move slowly when changing positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Food and Drug Absorption

Food usually interferes with how well a drug dissolves and gets absorbed into the body.

Inflammation's Vascular Phase

This stage of inflammation involves blood vessels widening (vasodilation) and becoming more permeable, allowing fluids and cells to leak out.

NSAID Common Side Effect

A frequent side effect of NSAIDs is heartburn. If someone reports heartburn, it should be looked into further.

How NSAIDs Work

NSAIDS work by blocking the production of prostaglandins, chemicals that cause pain and inflammation.

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Early Sign of Aspirin Toxicity?

Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is a warning sign of aspirin poisoning.

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Aspirin Half-Life

When a high dose of aspirin is taken, it takes around 15 to 30 hours for half of it to be eliminated from the body.

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Aspirin and Gastrointestinal Distress

Taking aspirin without food can irritate the stomach.

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Aspirin and Asthma

People with asthma should be careful with aspirin, as it has the potential to trigger breathing difficulties.

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Highest Bioavailability

When given intravenously (IV), a drug has the highest bioavailability, meaning it reaches the bloodstream quickly and efficiently.

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Drug Half-Life

The time it takes for half of a drug to disappear from the body after it's been absorbed.

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Factors Affecting Drug Action

Many things can impact how a drug works, including poor circulation, pain, stress, hunger, and fasting.

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Main Way Drugs Leave the Body

The kidneys are the primary organ responsible for getting rid of drugs from the body.

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Key to Drug Activity

How well a drug fits into its target site (receptor) is the most important factor determining how effective it will be.

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Drugs that Block Action

Antagonists are drugs that stop or block a cellular response.

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Therapeutic Index

The therapeutic index measures how safe a drug is – it compares the dose that causes therapeutic effects to the dose that causes harmful effects.

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Monitoring Drug Toxicity

Regular blood tests can help prevent drug toxicity by monitoring the levels of the drug in the body.

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NSAID Patient Education: Stomach Issues

Patients taking NSAIDs should report any discomfort in the upper stomach area.

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NSAID Patient Education: Stool and Bruising

During long-term use of NSAIDs, watch out for dark, tarry stools and easy bruising, which could be signs of problems.

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NSAID Patient Education: Menstrual Flow

Clients should avoid NSAIDs during heavy menstrual bleeding.

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Anti-Gout Agent

Colchicine is used to manage acute gout attacks, which are episodes of intense pain and inflammation in the joints.

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Steroid Therapy Withdrawal

When stopping steroid medication, the dosage should be gradually reduced over 5-10 days to avoid side effects.

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Steroid Therapy Withdrawal: Hydration

Drinking plenty of fluids is important when reducing steroid doses.

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Antigout Drug Education

People taking antigout medication should avoid alcohol, caffeine, and foods high in purines.

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Long-Acting Drugs for Chronic Pain

Drugs that stay in the body for a long time (long half-life) are helpful for managing chronic pain.

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Opioid Overdose Treatment

Naloxone is the drug used to reverse overdoses from morphine-like medications.

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Opioid Withdrawal Timeline

Withdrawal symptoms from opioids usually start within 8 to 24 hours after the last dose.

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Monitoring Morphine Side Effects: Urinary Retention

Be sure to check for difficulty urinating in patients who are taking morphine for pain after surgery.

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Morphine Side Effects: Safety

People taking morphine should move slowly to avoid feeling dizzy and falling.

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Study Notes

Drug Effects on Absorption

  • Food generally interferes with drug dissolution and absorption.

Inflammation Response

  • Vascular phase of inflammation includes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.

NSAID Side Effects

  • Common side effect of NSAIDs includes heartburn; further investigation may be necessary if reported by clients.

Mechanism of NSAIDs

  • NSAIDs inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins, which reduces pain and inflammation.

Aspirin Use Considerations

  • Tinnitus is an early symptom of aspirin toxicity.
  • Aspirin has a half-life of approximately 15-30 hours when taken in large doses.
  • Aspirin not taken at mealtime may cause gastrointestinal distress.

Aspirin and Asthma

  • In asthmatic patients, aspirin can trigger bronchospasms and should be used with caution.

Drug Absorption Bioavailability

  • Intravenous (IV) route has the greatest bioavailability among drug absorption methods.

Drug Half-Life Definition

  • A drug’s serum half-life is defined as the time required for half of the drug to be eliminated after absorption.

Factors Affecting Drug Action

  • Common factors affecting drug action include poor circulation, pain, stress, hunger, and fasting.

Drug Excretion

  • The kidneys are primarily responsible for the excretion or elimination of drugs from the body.

Drug Activity Determinant

  • The fit of the drug at the receptor site is the best determinant of its biological activity.

Drug Response Inhibition

  • Antagonists are drugs that prevent or inhibit a cellular response.

Therapeutic Index

  • The therapeutic index measures the margin of safety of a drug.

Monitoring Drug Toxicity

  • Blood levels should be drawn at periodic intervals to avoid drug toxicity.

NSAID Patient Education

  • Clients should report epigastric distress.
  • Observation for tarry stools and bruising is critical during extended NSAID use.
  • Clients should avoid NSAIDs during heavy menstrual flow.

Anti-Gout Agent Facts

  • Colchicine is used for managing acute gout attacks.

Steroid Therapy Withdrawal

  • When discontinuing steroids, the dosage should be tapered over 5 to 10 days.
  • Increased fluid intake is advised during tapering.

Antigout Drug Education

  • Patients should avoid alcohol, caffeine, and high-purine foods.
  • Medications should be taken with food.

Chronic Pain Management

  • Use of drugs with long half-lives is relevant to effectively relieve chronic pain.

Opioid Antagonist

  • Naloxone is the opioid antagonist used to treat morphine-like overdoses.

Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms

  • Withdrawal symptoms typically occur 8 to 24 hours after an opioid dose.

Monitoring Morphine Side Effects

  • Assess for urinary retention in clients taking morphine for post-operative pain.

Morphine Side Effects and Safety

  • Clients taking morphine should be advised to move slowly to avoid dizziness and falls.

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Description

This quiz covers key topics related to pharmacology as part of the NUR 334 course. Questions involve drug dissolution, the vascular phase of inflammation, and NSAIDs side effects. It's essential for nursing students preparing for their exam.

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