NUR 155 - MS Lecture 1 Quiz 3

Questions and Answers

What is the most crucial question the nurse should ask the client experiencing chest pain?

When did the pain start? (correct)

Do you have any family member who experiences this symptom?

How often do you drink alcohol?

Do you have any cardiovascular disease?

During an acute attack, what is the maximum dose that can be administered?

3 (correct)

Which laboratory or diagnostic test is a priority for assessing the client with chest pain?

12L-ECG (correct)

Chest X-Ray

CT-Scan

ESR

What is the priority management for a client in cardiorespiratory distress during an acute attack?

Administer oxygen along with nitrates Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms strongly indicates a serious cardiac issue in this client?

Crushing chest pain Signup and view all the answers

What condition is defined as the obstruction of the pulmonary artery or any of its branches by a thrombus?

Pulmonary Embolism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for Pulmonary Embolism?

Mobility Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate objective during an episode of Pulmonary Embolism?

Stabilize the cardiopulmonary system Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing management strategy can help minimize the risk of developing Pulmonary Embolism?

Use of anti-embolism stockings Signup and view all the answers

Which acute lung injury is characterized by progressive pulmonary edema visible on bilateral chest X-ray?

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by arterial hypoxemia that does not respond to supplemental oxygen?

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an early sign of Acute Respiratory Failure?

Restlessness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Cor Pulmonale is correct?

Increasing edema of the feet and legs is a sign Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Angiotensin II in the body?

It stimulates vasoconstriction in blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

An increased blood pressure results in which physiological response?

Decreased cardiac accelerator center response. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is TRUE regarding hypertension?

It is termed the 'silent killer'. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clients has a modifiable risk factor for hypertension?

A 35-year-old vlogger with a BMI of 30. Signup and view all the answers

What classification represents a blood pressure reading of 150/80 mmHg?

Stage 1 hypertension Signup and view all the answers

A blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg falls under which classification?

Stage 2 hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates target organ damage in a patient?

Intracranial hemorrhage identified in a CT scan. Signup and view all the answers

What does a blood pressure reading of 180/120 mmHg without evidence of target organ damage classify as?

Hypertensive crisis Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory test is most effective in differentiating STEMI from NSTEMI?

12L ECG Signup and view all the answers

What is the most specific cardiac biomarker for myocardial infarction?

Troponin Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect should healthcare providers monitor for during thrombolytic therapy?

Bleeding Signup and view all the answers

When administering Morphine sulfate, what is the primary concern for the nurse?

Respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be prepared in case of morphine sulfate toxicity?

Naloxone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty?

Compress atherosclerotic plaque Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dietary recommendations is NOT suitable for a client with Angina?

Low dietary fiber Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is categorized as an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor?

Simvastatin Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by episodes of chest pain or pressure?

Angina Pectoris Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the classification of angina that is triggered by coronary artery vasospasm?

Variant Angina Signup and view all the answers

Which modifiable risk factor is linked to Myocardial Infarction?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about plaque in coronary arteries is incorrect?

Plaque consists solely of fat. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of angina is relieved by nitroglycerin?

Stable angina Signup and view all the answers

Which coronary artery obstruction is considered most fatal in a Myocardial Infarction?

Left Anterior Descending Signup and view all the answers

What is a common medical management strategy for angina?

Oxygen therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease is true?

A rupture plaque may cause thrombus formation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pulmonary Embolism

Pulmonary embolism involves obstruction of the pulmonary artery by a thrombus.
Risk factors include hypercoagulable states, pregnancy, and surgery; mobility is not a risk factor.
Immediate management aims to stabilize the cardiopulmonary system.

Acute Respiratory Failure and Distress Syndrome

Arterial hypoxemia characterized by non-responsiveness to supplemental oxygen is indicative of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
ARDS is also recognized by bilateral chest X-ray opacities and progressive pulmonary edema.
Early signs of acute respiratory failure exclude central cyanosis; typical signs include fatigue and restlessness.
Key characteristics include hypoxemia and hypercapnia.

Cor Pulmonale

Symptoms include increasing edema of feet and legs, with management strategies not involving fluid resuscitation or sodium intake increases.

Hypertension

Classified as "silent killer," hypertension can lead to significant cardiovascular risks.
Common modifiable risk factors include obesity and hypertension history; a low BMI is not a risk factor.
Blood pressure classifications include normal, prehypertension, and various stages of hypertension, impacting management decisions.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Characterized by plaque build-up, CAD poses risks of myocardial ischemia and infarction.
Modifiable risk factors include managing cholesterol levels and addressing lifestyle choices.
Angina pectoris represents chest pain due to decreased blood flow, with types including stable, unstable, and variant angina.

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

STEMI and NSTEMI can be differentiated using a 12-lead ECG, with troponin as the most specific biomarker.
Symptoms include chest pain, with acute management needing to monitor for respiratory depression from analgesic use.
Immediate treatment may involve thrombolytics—but bleeding is a potential side effect.

Nitrates and Angina Management

Nitrates help relieve chest pain during ischemic episodes; maximum doses are typically limited to three during acute attacks.
Management often entails lifestyle modifications, including sodium and cholesterol reduction, while ensuring adequate dietary fiber.

Emergency Assessment and Management

In acute chest pain scenarios, determining the onset of pain is critical for diagnostics.
Priority diagnostics in emergencies often include 12-lead ECG. Management typically focuses on administering oxygen alongside nitrates.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to pulmonary embolism from the NUR 155 course, including definitions, risk factors, and immediate management objectives. Test your understanding of the material and solidify your knowledge in this essential nursing topic.