Numbered Treaties in Canadian History

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Questions and Answers

What is the scope of the Maps collection in terms of Canadian geography?

It covers all of the Canadian provinces and territories.

What is included in the Serials collection?

Dailies, weeklies, specialized journals, mass-market magazines, city directories, and annual reports from churches, schools, and corporations.

Over what period does the Monographs collection span?

Three and a half centuries of Canadian documentary history.

What issue is addressed in the 'Statement on problematic content and descriptions in Canadiana'?

The content, metadata, and resource descriptions contain language reflecting biases, norms, and perspectives of the time, including harmful and offensive wording, cultural references, and stereotypes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the story told by the Canadiana Collections?

An incomplete, oftentimes distorted, and sometimes harmful story of Canada. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approach taken to the historical records in the Canadiana collections?

Objects in the Canadiana collections are unchanged to accurately reflect the attitudes and viewpoints of the time in which they were created. Signup and view all the answers

How many Canadian maps are currently digitized in the Maps collection?

Nearly 22,000 Canadian maps. Signup and view all the answers

What type of publications are included in the Serials collection?

Dailies, weeklies, specialized journals, mass-market magazines, city directories, and annual reports. Signup and view all the answers

What is the content of the Monographs collection primarily composed of?

Rich primary materials exploring a wide range of subjects and disciplines. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Canadian government sign the treaties with Indigenous peoples?

To gain access to Indigenous lands, secure claims to lands, and access natural resources. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Numbered Treaties in relation to Indigenous peoples?

To assimilate Indigenous peoples into Canadian society and encourage them to adopt the values and behaviors of white settlers. Signup and view all the answers

Why did some Indigenous leaders sign the treaties, despite not being happy with the terms?

They saw no other option and feared they stood to lose more than gain. Signup and view all the answers

What are some different interpretations of the treaties that have led to disputes between the Canadian government and Indigenous people?

Differences in the concept of owning land between European and Indigenous worldviews, and errors in translation. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Plains Cree chief Mistahimaskwa (Big Bear) refuse to sign Treaty 6 in 1876?

He feared that his people would lose their freedom. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Numbered Treaties

The Numbered Treaties were a series of agreements between the Canadian government and Indigenous peoples, signed between 1871 and 1921.
The treaties gave the government control of the land, while Indigenous peoples were promised goods, reserve lands, annual payments, and hunting and fishing rights.

Historical Context

After Confederation, the Canadian government sought to expand westward, desiring the lands of the Hudson Bay Company (HBC), including Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory.
These lands were valuable for their natural resources and vast space, and could be used for European immigration and industrial and commercial developments.
Canadian politicians feared the USA would take these lands if Canada did not, due to the concept of Manifest Destiny.

Background to the Treaties

In 1870, the Canadian government obtained Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory through an agreement with the HBC, which included addressing Indigenous claims to the lands.
The government used the 1850 Robinson Treaties as a model for the new treaties, intending to negotiate with Indigenous peoples for the land.

Consequences of the Treaties

The Numbered Treaties led to the government gaining control of the land, while Indigenous peoples received limited benefits in exchange.

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Description

Explore the historical context and details of the Numbered Treaties signed between the Canadian government and Indigenous peoples. The treaties were significant agreements that shaped the relationship between the government and Indigenous communities.