Nucleoskeleton Functions and Characteristics

<p>Dynamic nature of the network (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lamina associated domains linked to the nuclear envelope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myosin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscular disease involvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Karyoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide architectural stability to the nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear matrix or scaffolds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They isolate gene expression to specific regions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohesin and CTCF (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide support to the nuclear matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-interaction predominance over interactions with other domains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are packed in an orderly manner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the boundaries of chromatin loops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A compartment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regions where TAD borders overlap and bind to the nuclear matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periphery interacting with lamin LADS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CTFT protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cLAD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the transcription of RNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NAD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fLAD (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It anchors genes to the transcription machinery. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CTCF (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regeneration of cellular components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The membranes contain different sets of transmembrane proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a process by which cells respond to mechanical forces affecting nuclear functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An opening that allows selective passage of molecules between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a stable environment for genetic material and prevent potential damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates unrestricted access of cytoplasmic molecules to chromatin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as an anchoring site for molecular complexes related to chromatin mechanisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can activate one gene while repressing others through chromatin orchestration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides physical space for gene transcription and replication processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transforms into euchromatin, allowing for transcription machinery access. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They partition the genome into looped domains. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To anchor chromatin loops and facilitate transcription activation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heterochromatin is remodeled into euchromatin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chromatin loops become stabilized and form new configurations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supporting the nucleolus and pre-ribosome assembly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nesprin and SUN domain proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate filaments and lamins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing mechanical stability to the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through adhesion complexes sending signals to chromatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A and B type lamins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate communication between cells and the extracellular matrix. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type V intermediate filaments are exclusive to metazoans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fibrous network of non-histone proteins found within the nucleus, providing structural support, organizing the genome, and participating in gene expression regulation.

A specific region of the nucleoskeleton, located near the nuclear envelope, that interacts with chromatin domains and is involved in organizing the genome.

The inner network of globular proteins within the nucleoskeleton, connected to chromatin regions and involved in gene expression.

Regions of the genome that attach to the nuclear lamina.

Regions of the genome that attach to the nuclear matrix.

A filamentous structure that connects the nuclear pore complex to the nucleoskeleton, facilitating transport and communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

A specialized region of the nucleoskeleton responsible for anchoring the nucleolus, the site of ribosome biogenesis.

A type of intermediate filament protein found in the nuclear lamina, critical for nuclear shape and structural integrity. Mutations in lamin proteins are associated with diseases.

DNA sequences attached to the nuclear matrix or scaffold, helping to organize the genome.

The space within the nucleus where chromosomes are organized.

Large chromatin domains that interact more with themselves than with adjacent domains, contributing to cell-specific gene expression.

Regions that form the boundaries of TADs, enriched in CTCF and cohesin proteins.

Proteins that bind to DNA and help regulate gene expression by controlling interactions within TADs.

The structural support elements within the nuclear matrix.

The process of organizing the genome within the nucleus.

Proteins that form the basic building blocks of the nuclear lamina, playing a crucial role in maintaining the nucleus's shape and function.

A network of proteins and other structures that extends throughout the cytoplasm of a cell, providing support, aiding in transport, and facilitating cell movement.

The process by which cells respond to mechanical forces, such as stretching or pressure, by converting the physical stimuli into biochemical signals.

Specialized proteins that link the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton, creating a continuous network throughout the cell.

The ability of cells to adapt to their environment by changing their shape, size, and function in response to external stimuli, such as mechanical forces.

The process by which cells interact with their surrounding environment, including other cells and the extracellular matrix, through specialized adhesion complexes.

Open chromatin state, characterized by active genes, early transcript genes, and a permissive transcriptional environment. Found preferentially in the central region of the nucleus and close to nuclear pore complexes.

Closed chromatin state, marked by silenced genes, late replication timing, and preferential location at the nuclear periphery. Interacts with lamin LADS.

Regions within TADs that bind to the nuclear matrix. They are rich in CTFT proteins, which facilitate the attachment of loops.

Areas where chromatin condenses and associates with the inner nuclear membrane. They regulate the transition between active and inactive chromatin.

Constitutive LADs are directly attached to the inner nuclear membrane.

Facultative LADs are extensions of consecutive LADs but are not directly attached to the inner nuclear membrane.

Areas associated with the perinucleolar matrix (outside of the nucleolus). They are associated with LADs, poor in genes, and important for nucleolar function.

A model that explains how DNA is organized within the nucleus. It suggests that DNA loops form channels that allow machinery for gene expression, like polymerases, to access genes.

S/MARs can act like 'switches', activating or repressing specific genes based on external signals. They can also insulate a gene, preventing it from being affected by surrounding genes.

They are involved in organizing the genetic material within the nucleus, creating loops that allow processes like transcription, replication, and regulation to occur efficiently.

They function as docking stations for various molecular complexes, keeping them ready for action when needed. These complexes are critical for gene expression and other nuclear functions.

The nuclear matrix can be seen as a scaffold that supports the chromatin, which is the complex of DNA and proteins responsible for packaging genetic information.

When a cell receives a signal, the nuclear matrix, along with special proteins, can rearrange the heterochromatin (inactive DNA) into euchromatin (active DNA) to enable gene expression.

These are proteins that help partition the genome into looped domains, influencing gene expression and regulation within these domains.

S/MARs can also act like 'locks', effectively isolating genes within their domains, which can impact their accessibility and regulation.

A DNA sequence that attaches to the nuclear matrix, helping to organize the genome and regulate gene expression.

A protein that binds to DNA and defines the boundaries of Topologically Associated Domains (TADs), regions of the genome that interact more within themselves than with other regions, regulating gene expression.

A protein that helps in forming loops in chromosomes and facilitates the formation of Topologically Associated Domains (TADs).

The envelope surrounding the nucleus, similar to the cell's plasma membrane. It protects the genome, anchors chromatin, organizes chromosomes, and regulates gene expression.

The nuclear membrane has two phospholipid bilayers: the inner and outer nuclear membranes. They are quite impermeable to ions and small molecules, ensuring a controlled environment within the nucleus.

A channel that connects the cytoplasm to the nucleoplasm, allowing molecules to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

The area between the inner and outer nuclear membrane, separated by the nuclear pore. It facilitates the movement of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

A specialized region of the nucleoskeleton that anchors the nucleolus, a site of ribosome biogenesis. It also provides structural support for the nucleolus, ensuring proper ribosome production.